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1
artículo
The study sample is a refractory ore with an average grade of 19.31 g/TM provided by artisanal miners in the area and Yanga from the province of Canta, Lima. The mineralogy of the sample showed the presence of the following minerals: Gold, Chalcopyrite, covellite, chalcocite, sphalerite, pyrite, arsenopyrite, magnetite, hematite, goethite, rutile and bargains as photos indicate 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6. The minerals found in larger volumes are bargains, Pyrite and Chalcopyrite in photo 6 are interlaced with gold particles chalcopyrite and pyrite, with the larger size of 17 microns of gold. In the first phase were carried out metallurgical testing with the hub centrifugal Knelson with 5 kg of sample, gravitational force of 60 G’s and water pressure of 3 psi, for different particle sizes as 52.25%, 60.66%, 67.13% and 74.64% - 200 mesh. The metallurgical balances indicate that the best test is...
2
artículo
The study sample is a refractory ore with an average grade of 19.31 g/TM provided by artisanal miners in the area and Yanga from the province of Canta, Lima. The mineralogy of the sample showed the presence of the following minerals: Gold, Chalcopyrite, covellite, chalcocite, sphalerite, pyrite, arsenopyrite, magnetite, hematite, goethite, rutile and bargains as photos indicate 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6. The minerals found in larger volumes are bargains, Pyrite and Chalcopyrite in photo 6 are interlaced with gold particles chalcopyrite and pyrite, with the larger size of 17 microns of gold. In the first phase were carried out metallurgical testing with the hub centrifugal Knelson with 5 kg of sample, gravitational force of 60 G’s and water pressure of 3 psi, for different particle sizes as 52.25%, 60.66%, 67.13% and 74.64% - 200 mesh. The metallurgical balances indicate that the best test is...
3
artículo
Publicado 2023
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This work describes the isolation and selection of bacterial strains of the genus Pseudomonas in Cetrimide, Acetamide and King B Agar media, from effluents of the leaching process and from the tailings deposit of the gold ore processing plant, Caraveli - Arequipa. Subsequently, the adaptation was made in Modified Mineral Medium (M9M), to different concentrations of sodium cyanide, to evaluate the tolerance and degradation of the CN- radical. The results of sowing in different nutrient media allowed us to observe changes in coloration with a change from clear to intense red in Acetamide Medium and from clear to fluorescent green in King B Agar Medium, revealing the presence of P. pseudoalcaligenes bacteria. Similarly, during the adaptation process of a strain whose initial cell population was 2.0E+06 CFU/mL, in media supplemented with 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 ppm of Free Cyanide, at the ...
4
artículo
Publicado 2012
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The research in the laboratory was made operating variables (reactant concentration, pH and oxidation potential) of pyrite leaching gold from river Tablachaca (Ancash Peru) with thiourea (TU) followed by electro-deposition of gold. The experimental study was conducted in three stages: Oxidation of thiourea leaching of gold and gold electroplating. As an alternative to chemical agents, TU oxidation via electrolysis was conducted to obtain formamidine disulphide (FDS), which serves as an oxidizer in the dissolution of gold. The optimum degree of conversion of formamidine disulfide thiourea in 2.5 h was obtained by applying a FEM of 4.5 V with a pH of 1.5. The anodic and cathodic compartments of the electrochemical reactor were separated by an anion membrane with the purpose of eliminating undesired reactions at the cathode. Prior to the leaching step, the mineral was washed with sul...
5
artículo
Publicado 2012
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The research in the laboratory was made operating variables (reactant concentration, pH and oxidation potential) of pyrite leaching gold from river Tablachaca (Ancash Peru) with thiourea (TU) followed by electro-deposition of gold. The experimental study was conducted in three stages: Oxidation of thiourea leaching of gold and gold electroplating. As an alternative to chemical agents, TU oxidation via electrolysis was conducted to obtain formamidine disulphide (FDS), which serves as an oxidizer in the dissolution of gold. The optimum degree of conversion of formamidine disulfide thiourea in 2.5 h was obtained by applying a FEM of 4.5 V with a pH of 1.5. The anodic and cathodic compartments of the electrochemical reactor were separated by an anion membrane with the purpose of eliminating undesired reactions at the cathode. Prior to the leaching step, the mineral was washed with sul...
6
artículo
Publicado 2022
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The present research study demonstrates that the recovery of gold and zinc in gold-containing marmatitic zinc ores is feasible. The recovery of these metals was analyzed by factorial experimental designs, using the reagents: CuSO4, AR-3418 and AR-1242 as independent variables, while all other variables remained constant. As a result of the research, a mathematical model was obtained for the recovery of gold and zinc, performing the adjusted factorial design analysis, as indicated: Recovery of gold (Au) = 83.40+ 0.00600 CuSO4 + 0.110 AR-3418 + 0.035 AR-1242 + 0.000313 CuSO4 * AR 3418+ 0.000275 CuSO4 * AR-1242- 0.00800 AR-3418 * AR-1242 - 0.000011 CuSO4 * AR-3418 * AR-1242. Likewise, the recovery of zinc (Zn) = 73.14 + 0.0100 CuSO4 + 0.132 AR-3418 + 0.051 AR-1242 + 0.000164 CuSO4 * AR-3418 + 0.000131 CuSO4 * AR-1242 - 0.00811 AR-3418 * AR-1242 - 0.000004 CuSO4 * AR-3418 * AR-1242.
7
artículo
Publicado 2003
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The sample that is the subject of study is a concentrate mainly of gold pyrite, product of the flotation process, from Empresa Minera Aurífera Calpa S.A. The characterization of the concentrate in the UNMSM polarized light microscope shows the presence of pyrite, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, electrum, marcasite, pyrrhotite, arsenopyrite, rutile and gangue. In the polished briquette corresponding to the +100 mesh, the presence of electrum has been observed. In the scanning electron microscope at the University, the presence of gold particles has been observed, even in pyrite; Said particles have sizes smaller than 200 nanometers, particles of gold and silver telluride intertwined with the electrum are also observed, whose particles have sizes smaller than 2 microns. These characteristics make the concentrate refractory to conventional treatment by the cyanidation process, which constitutes ...
8
artículo
Publicado 2001
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Heap leaching is a very economical process to metallurgically treat low grade minerals in precious metals, this treatment method received a strong boost in the mid-70s of the previous century, when gold reached quotes of up to US $ 600 / ounce in 1980, the reuse of activated carbon is implemented and minerals with a high content of fines are processed through agglomeration.
9
artículo
Publicado 2001
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Heap leaching is a very economical process to metallurgically treat low grade minerals in precious metals, this treatment method received a strong boost in the mid-70s of the previous century, when gold reached quotes of up to US $ 600 / ounce in 1980, the reuse of activated carbon is implemented and minerals with a high content of fines are processed through agglomeration.
10
artículo
The arsenopyrite, FeAsS, it is a mineral that is commonly found associated with gold. In this kind of mineral, Gold is presented in sub-microscopic size particles, encapsulated in a matrix of the same mineral or forming a solid solution, this does not allow the recovery of gold with the available lixiviation techniques. Moreover, a fine grinding does not a chive to break the matrix in which the gold is located, not allowing the lixiviation solutions to come in. Some alternatives that lead to the recovery of gold from those minerals include chemical oxidation, oxidation under pressure, bacterial oxidation and roasting oxidation (which is very polluting due to the emission of As2O3 y SO2 gases. The aim of the following study is to identify the conditions to break the arsenopyrite matrix for continuing the usual process of cianuration. For doing so, experiments were carried out containing a...
11
artículo
Publicado 2006
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The actual existence of cyanide in very significant environmental catastrophes indicates that the cyanide management in the mining operation must be improved. Specifically, disposing right standard in the design and the construction of tailing disposals, water managing, qualification and training labor, fauna protection and the good operation of the systems of warning and emergency, all are areas of high-priority attention. The main reasons of the environmental incidents in the mining operations comes from poor design of management of process waters, the design and the construction and maintenance of tailing disposals, in addition to the frequent accidents in the cyanided pulp transport. In the present investigation, we try to get a cyanide layout of the gold and silver recovery process in the plant of processes of Orcopampa of Buenaventura Company of mines, In order to get it we have sa...
12
artículo
Publicado 2006
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The actual existence of cyanide in very significant environmental catastrophes indicates that the cyanide management in the mining operation must be improved. Specifically, disposing right standard in the design and the construction of tailing disposals, water managing, qualification and training labor, fauna protection and the good operation of the systems of warning and emergency, all are areas of high-priority attention. The main reasons of the environmental incidents in the mining operations comes from poor design of management of process waters, the design and the construction and maintenance of tailing disposals, in addition to the frequent accidents in the cyanided pulp transport. In the present investigation, we try to get a cyanide layout of the gold and silver recovery process in the plant of processes of Orcopampa of Buenaventura Company of mines, In order to get it we have sa...
13
artículo
Publicado 2023
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In the southern part of Peru, it is found Zn-Pb-Cu-Ag-Au mix ore carbonate deposits and polymetallic sulfides in volcanic rocks. It is known that such types of ores are difficult to process, so this ore was tested by leaching using solutions containing hydrogen peroxide and ammonia (H2O2 / NH3); which are, respectively, the oxidant and the complexings agent. Lab work was done with a mix ore, (oxides and sulfides), containing copper, silver, gold and zinc in the form of chalcopyrite, bornite, brochantite, proustite, marmatite, pyrite and few amounts of lead oxide; gangue, basically carbonates. Using H2O2 / NH3, and pH fixed between 9 to 10, metallic recovery was gotten close to 90 % for copper, gold, silver and zinc. Lead and iron do not dissolve in alkaline solution. Metals recovery was done by redox cementation with metallic zinc, which allowed gold, silver, and copper precipitation, th...
14
tesis de maestría
Publicado 2022
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El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo general, determinar la ley mínima de oro en la solución rica (SR) para una producción rentable en un proceso de recuperación de oro en una empresa minera. Para este estudio se consideró información una empresa minera ubicada en el departamento de Cajamarca. La información de las leyes de oro ha sido obtenida del periodo 2016 al 2021, y la información de costos se consideró del año 2018. En el presente trabajo la población constó de cuatro sectores del Pad de lixiviación, y para la muestra, en base a un muestreo por conveniencia, se consideró al sector N°2 del Pad. El tipo de investigación fue no experimental, cuantitativo – aplicada y longitudinal, y con un nivel descriptivo. En la presente investigación, se consideró los dos procesos de recuperación de oro que se utiliza en dicha minera: Merrill Crowe (MC) y Carbón en Columnas...
15
artículo
Publicado 2014
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Thirty four nose decorations from the tomb of the Lady of Cao has been analyzed by EDXRF-analysis and transmission measurements. These nose decorations are made partially on gold, and partially on silver. EDXRF-analysis showed that, while gold areas all show a similar composition, silver areas exhibit an erratic composition, and also an unusual high percentage of gold, up to 35 %. To verify that this erratic composition is not depending on surface enrichment processes, X-ray transmission measurements were carried out, which gives the bulk composition of the samples. These last measurements completely confirm EDXRF-results. Therefore the conclusion could be that a high quantity of gold was added intentionally to the silver alloys, for not clear reasons, may be to avoid the oxidation process typical of high concentration silver in silver alloys.
16
artículo
Publicado 2000
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The need arises to take advantage of the best way to increase the added value of our mining products, specifically concentrates containing precious metals, to obtain maximum economic benefit. A method is formulated to determine optimal conditions for leaching concentrates. This method is fundamentally based on cyaniding gold concentrates that respond efficiently to this process, then developing alternatives for the recovery of Au and Ag from pregnant solutions, using the known methods of carbon in pulp and merrill crowe or another that consists of selectively precipitating silver with sodium sulfide and from the remaining solution, recover the gold with activated carbon, efficiently obtaining high quality separate products.
17
artículo
Publicado 2000
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The need arises to take advantage of the best way to increase the added value of our mining products, specifically concentrates containing precious metals, to obtain maximum economic benefit. A method is formulated to determine optimal conditions for leaching concentrates. This method is fundamentally based on cyaniding gold concentrates that respond efficiently to this process, then developing alternatives for the recovery of Au and Ag from pregnant solutions, using the known methods of carbon in pulp and merrill crowe or another that consists of selectively precipitating silver with sodium sulfide and from the remaining solution, recover the gold with activated carbon, efficiently obtaining high quality separate products.
18
artículo
Publicado 2016
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The representative sample of low grade sulphide ore gold for this research study comes from the province of Casma Ancash department. The characterization of the sample was analyzed in the polarized light microscope, in the EAP. Geological Engineering at the National University of San Marcos (UNMSM), the results indicated the presence of the following mineralogical species such as Electrum, sphalerite, ilmenite, pyrite, hematite, goethite and bargains. Furthermore we found particles referred to gold, which are: Electrum-goethite, Electrum-Gangas, Electrum-goethite-Gangas. Based on the results of the characterization we realized metallurgical process like preconcentration Falcon performed in the concentrator, the results of the most representative process is 67.80%, obtaining in a granulometry of -200mesh, obtaining a concentrate grade of 16.20 g / TM, 57.04% of 41.60 radio recovery and co...
19
artículo
The mineral That is matter of the present work of investigation comes from the department of the Libertad, province of Otuzco, the mining company Koricolqui S.A. The study by the x- rays diffraction confi rms that the greater component of the sample is guartz in 91,74 %. In the characteristic of the sample by the method by polarizing microscope of refl ected light, the following minerals are observed: electrum, arsenopirita, marcasite, calcosita, galena, esfalerita, rutilo, goethite, tetraedita and gangues; which are like very small particles that they make diffi cult his treatment. The tests of fl otation of the initial sample are not satisfactory because the recoveries are as much for low gold and silver that is of 59,11% and 52,51% respectively. For that reason previously I am made a preconcentration with the centrifugal “Falcon” and relave of the “Falcon” just enters the fl o...
20
artículo
The mineral That is matter of the present work of investigation comes from the department of the Libertad, province of Otuzco, the mining company Koricolqui S.A. The study by the x- rays diffraction confi rms that the greater component of the sample is guartz in 91,74 %. In the characteristic of the sample by the method by polarizing microscope of refl ected light, the following minerals are observed: electrum, arsenopirita, marcasite, calcosita, galena, esfalerita, rutilo, goethite, tetraedita and gangues; which are like very small particles that they make diffi cult his treatment. The tests of fl otation of the initial sample are not satisfactory because the recoveries are as much for low gold and silver that is of 59,11% and 52,51% respectively. For that reason previously I am made a preconcentration with the centrifugal “Falcon” and relave of the “Falcon” just enters the fl o...
