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1
artículo
Publicado 2022
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The objective of this research work was to evaluate the transformation of the forest area in the Huacamayo River Micro-basin. 6 Landsat satellite photographs from the years 1999, 2010, 2014, 2016, 2018, 2020 were used. During 1999-2010 a loss of 13.5 km2 of forest cover was observed, the periods 2014, 2018, 2020, showed progressive retreat of the forest tropical humid, 4.4 km2, 3.1 km2 and 7.5 km2, respectively. In the 21 years, 28.5 km2 of forest in the Micro-basin have been lost, reporting a percentage of deforestation -1.2% per year; Between 1999-2010, the highest deforestation rate was observed, -1.7%. For the year 2031, the model for the tropical forest in the Microbasin estimated a resulting area of 39 km2, demonstrating its progressive decrease. This study will guide the conservation and management of the forest area of the Microbasin.
2
artículo
Publicado 2022
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The loss of forests is one of the main environmental problems in Peru and in various parts of the world. The present work aims to calculate the forest cover by 2021 within the Leoncio Prado province, located in the Huánuco region, Peru. Sentinel-2 images were used, which were classified on the Google Earth Engine platform using the Random Forest artificial intelligence algorithm. Likewise, the thematic accuracy of the resulting classification was evaluated using high spatial resolution Planet images. As results, it was found that the study area includes 349,811.47 ha, which represents more than 70% of the total area, while the degraded and intervened areas add up to a total of 131,392.12 ha, which come mainly from the change in use of forest to agricultural areas. Regarding the metrics that evaluate the thematic accuracy of the classification, a value of 0.77 was found in the Kappa Inde...
3
tesis doctoral
Publicado 2012
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Parámetros climáticos y forestales fueron estudiados en un gradiente orográfico de tres bosques: en la ladera barlovento a 2400 m, en el abra de la cordillera a 2800 . y en la ladera sotavento a 2400 m. Se hallaron diferencias y correlaciones en temperatura, precipitación, radiación fotosintética, frecuencia de neblina, tanto como riqueza de especies, área basal, densidad de tallos, altura del dosel, área de follaje y tamaño de hojas. Comparativamente el bosque sotavento tuvo menos tiempo de inmersión en neblinca (c. 20%) y mayor diversidad de plantas, área basal, altura del dosel, área de follaje y tamaño de hojas. Existieron asociaciones florísticas dentro de los bosques relacionadas a las áreas expuestas y protegidas. Los eventos de neblina ligeros y moderados en sotavento demostraron temperaturas de radiación fotosintética similar a cielos despejados, mientras la neb...
4
tesis de grado
The Relationship between Forest Cover Loss and Annual Rainfall in the Departments of Peru, 2013-2022
Publicado 2025
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Forest masses participate in the hydrological cycle and precipitation patterns. Therefore, the loss of these forest masses has significant implications for atmosphere-surface dynamics. The objective of this article is to determine the influence of forest cover loss on annual rainfall in the departments of Peru during the period 2013-2022. The methodology was quantitative, use: longitudinal non-experimental design, with panel data and a random-effects model was estimated. The results reveal a positive and statistically significant relationship between tree cover loss and total annual precipitation, specifically, a 1% increase in deforestation is related to an average increase of 0.186% in annual rainfall. The findings contrast with most previous evidence documenting reductions in precipitation due to deforestation, however, they are consistent with some studies. The research concluded tha...
5
artículo
Publicado 2023
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The establishment of natural protected areas is one of the most effective strategies to conserve forests and their biodiversity; however, the uncontrolled advance of deforestation resulting from the change of use to expand the agricultural frontier has become a threat to these intangible areas. This research aimed to analyze the dynamics of forest cover in Parque Nacional Tingo María (PNTM) and its buffer zone (ZA) located in the high jungle of the Huánuco region of Peru. The main input was Sentinel-2 images that were classified using the Random Forest algorithm. As a result, coverage maps were obtained for the study area corresponding to the years 2017, 2019, 2021 and 2023, achieving considerable thematic accuracy. During the evaluation periods, the rates of change from forest to non-forest within the PNTM presented low values -0.26% (2017 - 2019); -1.24% (2019 - 2021) and -0.02% (202...
6
tesis de maestría
Publicado 2020
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Gold extraction via small scale mining in the Amazon rainforest of Peru has become one of the greatest threats to deforestation and land degradation in the Amazon, especially in the Madre de Dios region which is one of the last biggest remnants of continuous tropical rainforest in the world. Restoration of these degraded ecosystems have become a priority in the last decade but without concrete actions, however, few research has been conducted in response to these restoration activities nor natural regeneration. The significance of this research was to 1) To Analyze how gold mining affects forest structure, species richness and diversity in the Amazon Rainforest of Madre de Dios, Peru. 2) To assess variation on diversity levels in secondary successional forest compared to that found in primary forest 3) to identify variations in the gold extraction methods reported in the region and how i...
7
artículo
Publicado 2018
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The spatial patterns of deforestation are usually non-randomly distributed across the landscape. While anthropogenically driven processes are often addressed in land-use regulation policies and deforestation research, less attention is given to the environmental factors that influence tropical deforestation. This study investigates to what extent climate conditions (temperature and precipitation) and biophysical landscape characteristics (elevation, slope, soil type, forest type, and distance to rivers) facilitate or mitigate deforestation processes in Peru's tropical Andes. A Random Forest regression model was constructed for the entire Peruvian tropical Andes, and separate models were developed for some of the known direct deforestation drivers in the region (coca production, gold mining, and land-use by indigenous and non-indigenous communities). Soil type and precipitation were ident...
8
artículo
Fragmentation patterns in the buffer zones of protected natural areas in the San martín region, Peru
Publicado 2024
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Currently, one of the most recurrent environmental problems in the Peruvian Amazon is forest fragmentation as a result of deforestation. In this context, the present research aimed to quantify forest cover and other land uses, estimate the change in forest cover, and calculate fragmentation metrics in four buffer zones of protected natural areas located in the San Martín region, Peru during the years 2017 and 2021. The spatial information on land use and change provided by Esri Land Cover and the spatial information on forests and forest loss from the Geobosque platform were used as cartographic input. As a result, it was possible to quantify forest cover and other land uses of the four buffer zones corresponding to the years 2017 and 2021 with considerable thematic accuracy, taking into account that in the four study areas forest cover is the most representative. Regarding the rate of ...
9
artículo
Publicado 2023
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Peruvian Amazonian rainforests are constantly threatened by forest loss. Understanding changes in forest cover and assessing the level of risk is a permanent concern for numerous scientists and forest authorities. There are many conservation programs for Peruvian forests that involve collaborative efforts and employ diverse methodologies for forest monitoring. In this study, we propose an alternative approach to decision-making for forest preservation, aiming to classify the risk of forest loss in districts within the Peruvian Amazon rainforest. This classification enables sustainable forest management. To accomplish this, we utilized unsupervised learning artificial intelligence through Kohonen's neural network. The network was trained using a historical database spanning from 2001 to 2021, which includes variables such as forest cover and loss, climate, topography, hydrographic network...
10
tesis de grado
Publicado 2022
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El presente estudio identifica el patrón de cambio de cobertura forestal en el periodo 2002 – 2021, utilizando índices de vegetación y Cadena de Markov en la Reserva Nacional Alpahuayo Mishana, Loreto, Perú, para predecir el comportamiento de los usos de suelo al año 2030. La investigación fue de tipo descriptivo, con undiseño no experimental. Para ello, se utilizaron el índice de vegetación de Landsat 7 Enhanced thematic mapper plus (ETM+) y Landsat 8 Operational land images (OLI) para evaluar la pérdida decobertura forestal para los años 2002 y 2021. Asimismo, la cadena de Markov permitió predecir la cobertura forestal para el año 2030. Los resultados de la predicción revelan que el suelo desnudo, cuerpos de agua, cobertura forestal densa, y cobertura forestal pocodensa aumentaran en un 1%, 2%, 8% y 89% respectivamente de acuerdo con las estadísticas de la cadena de Ma...
11
artículo
Publicado 2005
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The taxonomy of the Ribes andicola group and Urtica is investigated for the relict forests in the AmotapeHuancabamba Zone and especially the relict forests of NW Peru. Three new species of Ribes are described, Ribes contumazensis as local endemic from Contumazá, R. colandina as widespread across the Andes from Lambayeque and La Libertad to Amazonas and R. sanchezii as endemic to forests overlooking the Marañon. Additionally, Ecuadoren R. austroecuadorense is recorded for the first time from Peru from forest relics in Huancabamba (Piura) and Chota (Cajamarca). Two new species of Urtica are described, U. urentivelutina as a local endemic on the slopes overlooking the Marañon near Chagual (La Libertad), and U. lalibertadensis which is widespread in La Libertad from Otuzco to Tayabamba. Urtica longispica is reported as new to the flora of Peru and U. macbridei is reported from northern Pe...
12
artículo
Publicado 2005
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The taxonomy of the Ribes andicola group and Urtica is investigated for the relict forests in the AmotapeHuancabamba Zone and especially the relict forests of NW Peru. Three new species of Ribes are described, Ribes contumazensis as local endemic from Contumazá, R. colandina as widespread across the Andes from Lambayeque and La Libertad to Amazonas and R. sanchezii as endemic to forests overlooking the Marañon. Additionally, Ecuadoren R. austroecuadorense is recorded for the first time from Peru from forest relics in Huancabamba (Piura) and Chota (Cajamarca). Two new species of Urtica are described, U. urentivelutina as a local endemic on the slopes overlooking the Marañon near Chagual (La Libertad), and U. lalibertadensis which is widespread in La Libertad from Otuzco to Tayabamba. Urtica longispica is reported as new to the flora of Peru and U. macbridei is reported from northern Pe...
13
artículo
Publicado 2020
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New infrastructure that seeks to connect Iquitos with Saramiriza includes building a ~350-km paved road alongside the Tigre river in Loreto. This project is a threat to the conservation of one of the largest areas of tropical forest on the planet and the largest and deepest peatlands in the Amazon basin. In this study, focused on the second section of the proposed road (Huambé – Marsella), we used a “business-as-usual” scenario (BAU) and a “road” scenario to show that road construction would lead to substantial loss of forest cover and increase CO2 emissions. The current loss of forest cover in a buffer zone of 20 km around the Huambé-Marsella road, estimated up to 2018, was 3.4 %. Using a multi-layer perceptron (MLP) neural network, we estimated deforestation of 80 071.11 ha and emissions of 35.55 Mt CO2 -eq for the period 2019-2064 in the BAU scenario, while the scenario wi...
14
artículo
Publicado 2020
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New infrastructure that seeks to connect Iquitos with Saramiriza includes building a ~350-km paved road alongside the Tigre river in Loreto. This project is a threat to the conservation of one of the largest areas of tropical forest on the planet and the largest and deepest peatlands in the Amazon basin. In this study, focused on the second section of the proposed road (Huambé – Marsella), we used a “business-as-usual” scenario (BAU) and a “road” scenario to show that road construction would lead to substantial loss of forest cover and increase CO2 emissions. The current loss of forest cover in a buffer zone of 20 km around the Huambé-Marsella road, estimated up to 2018, was 3.4 %. Using a multi-layer perceptron (MLP) neural network, we estimated deforestation of 80 071.11 ha and emissions of 35.55 Mt CO2 -eq for the period 2019-2064 in the BAU scenario, while the scenario wi...
15
artículo
Publicado 2021
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This work was supported by the Consejo Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnolog?a e Innovaci?n Tecnol?gica (PE) [015-2019- FONDECYT-BM]; FONDECYT-CONCYTEC [N? 237-2015-FONDECYT].
16
artículo
Publicado 2021
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This research was supported by Consejo Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnolog?a e Innovaci?n Tecnol?gica-CONCYTEC, under Grant 382-2019-FONDECYT-DE; Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Cient?fico, Tecnol?gico y de Innovaci?n Tecnol?gica [382-2019-FONDECYT]; We thank the ?Servicio Nacional Forestal y de Fauna Silvestre? and the ?Servicio Nacional de ?reas Naturales Protegidas por el Estado? for providing authorizations for research under R.D.G. No. 037-2017-SERFOR/DGGSPFFS and R.D. 009-2018-SERNANP-DGANP, respectively. Likewise, we are grateful to Wendy Carolay Navarro Romo, Ciro Ricardo Paredes Huam?n (Negrito) and Jimy Ronie Llacuachaqui Rodr?guez (Timys) for contributing to field work and making it so much fun.
17
tesis de maestría
Publicado 2019
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En esta tesis proponemos un nuevo modelo geoestadístico beta inflacionado en ceros y unos utilizando NNGP (del inglés Nearest Neighbor Gaussian Process). La ventaja principal de modelar los efectos espaciales utilizando NNGP es la reducción del elevado tiempo computacional que con lleva modelar un proceso gaussiano, ya que no necesita trabajar con todos los vecinos sino solo con un grupo reducido. La estimación de los parámetros se llevó a cabo desde una perspectiva bayesiana. Además, se llevó a cabo un estudio de simulación en el cual se hicieron pruebas con diferentes cantidades de vecinos para evaluar en términos de RMSE y tiempo computacional la ganancia en la estimación del modelo al agregar más vecinos. Finalmente, se modeló la proporción de cobertura forestal en Hiroshima utilizando el modelo geoestadístico desarrollado, obteniendo buenos resultados.
18
artículo
Publicado 2024
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The Peruvian Amazon has experienced large losses of forest cover due to changes in land use, contributing to increases in CO2 in the atmosphere. This study estimated the organic carbon content of forest soil in two forests "Ojos de Agua" and "El Quinillal" in the Central Huallaga of Peru, establishing three types of cover: (i) primary, (ii) intervened, and (iii) deforested. For this purpose, 24 plots of 100 m² were established and samples were extracted at a depth of 0-20 cm. The effect of the type of forest cover on soil carbon (Organic Carbon-SOC, Inorganic Carbon-SIC, Saturated Carbon-SC, Critical Carbon-CC, Saturated Carbon Deficit-SCD, and Organic Carbon-OC) was analyzed by means of an Analysis of Variance, correlation. Likewise, the relationship between carbon (C) and soil properties was evaluated by principal component analysis and correlation network. The results indicated that ...
19
artículo
Publicado 2023
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Payment for Hydrological Ecosystem Services – PHES is presented as a market mechanism where two parts voluntarily agree, one, to recognize an ecosystem service provision and to pay for it, and the other one to receive this payment under the commitment to preserve the forest cover upstream, ensuring ecosystem services such as higher water availability and lower sediment content for the water users downstream. However, PHES application in Peru, firstly, does not warrant that the supposed benefits are really obtained, since no adequate monitoring has been carried out. And, secondly, the Peruvian experience clearly shows that PHES is not a market mechanism, as the conceptual foundations pretend, but in practice requires strong support from the government. In addition, it is observed that revenue collection is poor enough as not to become sufficient to induce the required behavioral change....
20
objeto de conferencia
Publicado 2022
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Dry forests are home to large amounts of biodiversity, are providers of ecosystem services, and control the advance of deserts. However, globally, these ecosystems are being threatened by various factors such as climate change, deforestation, and land use and land cover (LULC). The objective of this study was to identify the dynamics of LULC changes and the factors associated with the transformations of the dry forest in the Tumbes region (Peru) using Google Earth Engine (GEE). For this, the annual collection of Sentinel 2 (S2) satellite images of 2017 and 2021 was analyzed. Six types of LULC were identified, namely urban area (AU), agricultural land (AL), land without or with little vegetation (LW), water body (WB), dense dry forest (DDF), and open dry forest (ODF). Subsequently, we applied the Random Forest (RF) method for the classification. LULC maps reported accuracies greater than ...
