Polylepis forests are threatened high Andean ecosystems that harbour unique species of flora and fauna. However, there is little information on the avifauna associated with these forests in the Central Andes of Peru. We evaluated 12 bird communities in the Junín, Lima and Huancavelica departments of Peru and recorded richness-abundance data that were used to perform an analysis of ?- and ?-diversity using Hill numbers. In addition, we built two species matrices (presence-absence data) for three previously identified key bird conservation areas and our study area, first with the species that regularly inhabit the Polylepis forests and second with the species of conservation interest. We found that the Polylepis forests of the Central Andes of Peru have a high diversity of birds. Some of these birds have a strong affinity for Polylepis forests, and another group is typical of the tree lin...

The Ash-breasted Tit-tyrant, Anairetes alpinus (Carriker, 1933) (Aves, Tyrannidae), is an endangered and highly specialized bird that inhabits the Polylepis forests (Rosaceae) of Peru and Bolivia. Here, we report 2 new localities in the department of Junín, central Peru, where it was detected in forests dominated by Polylepis canoi, P. rodolfo-vasquezii, and a third undescribed Polylepis species. We conclude that a residential population is the more likely possibility although the possibility of dispersal individuals should also be considered. © Quispe-Melgar et al.

This research was supported by Consejo Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnolog?a e Innovaci?n Tecnol?gica-CONCYTEC, under Grant 382-2019-FONDECYT-DE; Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Cient?fico, Tecnol?gico y de Innovaci?n Tecnol?gica [382-2019-FONDECYT]; We thank the ?Servicio Nacional Forestal y de Fauna Silvestre? and the ?Servicio Nacional de ?reas Naturales Protegidas por el Estado? for providing authorizations for research under R.D.G. No. 037-2017-SERFOR/DGGSPFFS and R.D. 009-2018-SERNANP-DGANP, respectively. Likewise, we are grateful to Wendy Carolay Navarro Romo, Ciro Ricardo Paredes Huam?n (Negrito) and Jimy Ronie Llacuachaqui Rodr?guez (Timys) for contributing to field work and making it so much fun.

This work would not have been possible without the work of all the plant collectors and herbarium curators (AAU, COL, CUZ, F, GOET, MERF, MO, NY, US, USM, VEN, and Z/ZH) who made specimens (physical or digital) available for study. We thank Katya Romoleroux and one anonymous reviewer who have improved the manuscript with their suggestions and helpful comments. HRQM thanks Vladimir Camel, Wendy Navarro, and Fressia Ames for their support during field work. We thank the Servicio Nacional Forestal y de Fauna Silvestre for providing research authorizations under the R.D.G. No 233-2015, No 237-2015, No 037-2017-SERFOR/DGGSPFFS. TEBEs work was funded by FONDECYTCONCYTEC (No227-2014-FONDECYT). HRQMs work was possible thanks to grant CONCYTEC, Project 149-2015-FONDECYT-DE.

The names Epidendrum antenniferum Bonpl. and Trichoceros muscifera Kraenzl. (Orchidaceae, Oncidiidae) are lectotypified using digital images from the original material preserved at P and HBG, respectively. The holotype of Trichoceros parviflorus Kunth is kept at P and that of T. armillatus Rchb. f. at G. © Finnish Zoological and Botanical Publishing Board.

Polylepis (Rosaceae) is the dominant tree genus in High-Andean forest ecosystems. These ecosystems are severely threatened, but little is known about their structure and functioning. We provide the first reports of the dasometric structure and spatial distribution of eight forests of Polylepis canoi, P. flavipila and P. rodolfovasquezii in the Central Peruvian Andes as fundamental information for management and conservation policies. We sampled all individuals ?1 cm of diameter at ground level (DGL) in 20 plots of 10x10 m in each forest, and measured total height (TH) and DGL. Also, we mapped the spatial distribution of the individuals in two plots of 30x30 m (X and Y axes). We found differences in the dasometric structure between forests of the same species, which, in some cases, were associated with climate, soil or elevation variables. However, no well-defined pattern was found. The a...