Evalúa cuantitativamente la expresión de los ARN mensajeros (ARNm) de los factores de transcripción T-bet, STAT-1 y STAT-4 y de las citoquinas interleucina (IL) 12, IL-2, interferón gamma (IFN-γ) y factor de necrosis tumoral alfa (TNF-α) involucrados en la activación y desarrollo de los linfocitos Th1 de la mucosa intestinal de crías de alpacas (Vicugna pacos) de tres grupos de 1-8, 10-21 y 22-47 días de edad, alimentadas en rebaños con pasto natural en la sierra sur del Perú. Obtiene muestras de una longitud de 2 cm de la porción media del yeyuno de crías de alpacas clínicamente sanas de la Estación IVITA Maranganí (Cusco, Perú), las que fueron almacenadas a -196°C y procesadas en el Laboratorio de Inmunología de la Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (Lima, Perú). Extrae los ARN totales y desarrolla la PCR tiempo real con ...

One of the main problems that students of high school pose when concluding their studies consists in choosing wisely the profession to follow. When this decision is not taken with sufficient maturity and following the vocation, the consequent problems encompass a poor academic performance, desertion with loss of time and money, or culminate a profession without satisfaction, which leads to mediocrity and incompetence. The aim of this study was to determine if the vocation and the choice of the career of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics are related to the academic performance of the students of a private university in Lima, Peru. A total of 171 students were distributed into three groups according to their academic performance (high, medium and low) and their level of studies by academic semesters (initial, intermediate and final). The evaluation instrument was a survey of 36 questions...

Infections of alpacas at very early ages suggest that the dams may act as asymptomatic carriers of some Eimeria species. The aim of this study was to determine the dynamics of Eimeria spp oocyst excretion in alpaca dams during the calving season at the "La Raya" Research and Production Centre, Puno, Peru. Faecal samples were taken from 50 clinically healthy alpacas of the Huacaya breed naturally infected with Eimeria spp in the two weeks prepartum, week of delivery and four weeks postpartum (period December 2018 - March 2019). Dams were categorized into three age groups [A: 3-4 (n=19), B: 5-8 (n=26) and C: 9-12 years (n=5)]. Sample analysis was carried out using Sheather solution flotation and McMaster techniques. The pregnant dams entered the calving season excreting E. punoensis [49/50 (98%)], E. alpacae [43/50 (86%)], E. lamae [5/50 (10%), and E. macusaniensis [3/50 (6%)] but not E. i...

Uno de los principales problemas que se plantean los estudiantes de nivel secundario al concluir sus estudios consiste en escoger correctamente la profesión a seguir. Cuando esta decisión no es tomada con la madurez suficiente y siguiendo la vocación, se presentan los problemas consecuentes que van desde un deficiente rendimiento académico, hasta terminar por abandonar la carrera elegida (deserción) con pérdida de tiempo y dinero, o culminar una profesión sin llegar a estar satisfecho consigo mismo, lo que conlleva a la mediocridad e incompetencia. El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar si la vocación y la elección de la carrera de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia están relacionadas con el rendimiento académico de los estudiantes de una universidad privada de Lima, Perú. Se evaluaron 171 alumnos divididos en tres grupos de acuerdo con su rendimiento académico (alto,...

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasites in puppies marketed in the city of Puno and to evaluate the possible association of the breed type and type of commercialization (formal, informal) with the presentation of intestinal parasitism. Faecal samples were taken from 172 puppies, without distinction of sex and breed type, between 1 and 4 months of age, from the informal market, as well as from veterinary centres and pet stores (formal). Samples were processed by direct examination and the flotation concentration technique with 33% zinc sulphate solution (GE 1.18). Of the 172 samples, 90 showed one or more eggs, cysts or oocysts of parasites, representing a prevalence of 52.3%. The prevalence of intestinal parasites in purebred and mestizo puppies were 44.2 and 60.5%, respectively, and of puppies from informal and formal trade were 66.3 and 38.4% respe...

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasites in puppies marketed in the city of Puno and to evaluate the possible association of the breed type and type of commercialization (formal, informal) with the presentation of intestinal parasitism. Faecal samples were taken from 172 puppies, without distinction of sex and breed type, between 1 and 4 months of age, from the informal market, as well as from veterinary centres and pet stores (formal). Samples were processed by direct examination and the flotation concentration technique with 33% zinc sulphate solution (GE 1.18). Of the 172 samples, 90 showed one or more eggs, cysts or oocysts of parasites, representing a prevalence of 52.3%. The prevalence of intestinal parasites in purebred and mestizo puppies were 44.2 and 60.5%, respectively, and of puppies from informal and formal trade were 66.3 and 38.4% respe...

This study aimed to morpho-anatomically redescribe Lamanema chavezi in the three parasitic stages (egg, third stage larvae and adult) using optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Samples were collected from alpacas (Vicugna pacos) in the municipal slaughterhouse of Melgar province, Puno, Peru. Adult specimens were collected from the small intestine using the Travassos method; eggs were collected from stool samples in infected animals by the flotation technique; and some of the collected eggs were incubated for obtaining larvae by mechanical process. The main findings include the presence of foliated crown rudiment, six cephalic papillae, synlophe ridges features, presence of papillae on the bursal dorsal side in the lateral lobes, spicules alae characteristics, and eggs and L3 larvae features. The results allowed the phenotypic characterization and complement the knowledge ...

El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo redescribir morfo-anatómicamente a Lamanema chavezi en sus tres estadios parasitarios (huevo, larva de tercer estadío, adulto) utilizando la técnica de microscopía óptica y microscopía electrónica de barrido. Se trabajó con alpacas (Vicugna pacos) sacrificadas en el Camal Municipal de la provincia de Melgar, Puno, Perú. Los estadios adultos fueron colectados del intestino delgado aplicando el método de Travassos; los huevos fueron colectados de heces de animales parasitados mediante la técnica de flotación; y parte de los huevos obtenidos fueron incubados para la obtención de larvas mediante proceso mecánico. Los principales hallazgos incluyen la presencia del rudimento de corona foliácea, seis papilas cefálicas, características de crestas del sinlophe, presencia de papilas en la cara dorsal de los lóbulos laterales de la bolsa cop...

Metodología de la Investigación es un curso específico de la Carrera de Medicina, de carácter teórico-práctico, dirigido a los estudiantes del 7mo ciclo. Se busca que los estudiantes adquieran las competencias generales de razonamiento cuantitativo, manejo de la información y pensamiento innovador, a nivel intermedio; asimismo, se busca adquirir la competencia específica de investigación, a nivel básico. El presente curso inicia al estudiante de Medicina en el proceso de la investigación científica. De manera muy amigable, busca despertar en el alumno su espíritu investigador y su afán por comunicar sus hallazgos. Además, brinda las herramientas estadísticas necesarias para la elaboración de proyectos de investigación, así como el análisis e interpretación de artículos publicados en la literatura científica. El curso es parte de la línea de cursos de investigació...