The anatomy of fruit and perianth is described for 12 Peruvian species of the genus Astrocaryum. The fruit displays three well-defined layers: exocarp with fiber boundles and sclereids, free or grouped; mesocarp with parenchyma and schizogenous cavities; and heavily sclerified endocarp. Density of vascular bundles of the calyx is higher in the two species of subgenus Astrocaryum and lower in the ten species of subgenus Monogynanthus. Several structures exhibit useful characters for distinguishing subsections and species in the Huicungo section. Such characters include the form and location of fiber packages of the calyx, density of brachysclereids in the distal zone of the exocarp, form of vascular bundles of the corolla, raphides in the mesocarp, presence or absence of trichomes, structure of trichomes, presence or absence of laminar colenchyma in the exocarp, staminodial ring free or a...

El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar el efecto de la temperatura sobre la cinética de secado y color de la pasta desgrasada de las semillas de Lupinus mutabilis variedad criolla “tarwi” proveniente de la ciudad de Huamachuco, Región La Libertad. Las semillas fueron deslupinizadas, molidas y desengrasadas usando etanol absoluto. El secado se realizó en un secador convectivo a velocidad de 0,5 m/s. La evolución de las curvas de secado se determinó analizando la humedad vs el tiempo y la velocidad de secado (R) vs la humedad, a las temperaturas de 35, 45, 55, 65, 75 y 85 ºC.La humedad crítica de secado estuvo en el intervalo 1,49 a 0,92 g H2O/g ms, su velocidad crítica promedio de 344,2 a 1537,2 g H2O/m2.h y el coeficiente de transferencia de calor en el periodo constante fue de 0,018 W/m2 ºC. Al aumentar la temperatura de secado, el color de la harina se oscurece pasando...

The anatomy of fruit and perianth is described for 12 Peruvian species of the genus Astrocaryum. The fruit displays three well-defined layers: exocarp with fiber boundles and sclereids, free or grouped; mesocarp with parenchyma and schizogenous cavities; and heavily sclerified endocarp. Density of vascular bundles of the calyx is higher in the two species of subgenus Astrocaryum and lower in the ten species of subgenus Monogynanthus. Several structures exhibit useful characters for distinguishing subsections and species in the Huicungo section. Such characters include the form and location of fiber packages of the calyx, density of brachysclereids in the distal zone of the exocarp, form of vascular bundles of the corolla, raphides in the mesocarp, presence or absence of trichomes, structure of trichomes, presence or absence of laminar colenchyma in the exocarp, staminodial ring free or a...

Chilies are the main ingredients of the Peruvian gastronomy. Chili "Charapita" (Capsicum frutescens) is very used in amazon food. The last decade, "the gastronomic boom" has increased their demand, so it is necessary to develop new technologies for their preservation sustainably, healthy, without affecting the environment. The aim of the present work was to analyze the microbial population dynamics during Chili "Charapita" fermentation using spontaneous (SF) and controlled (CF) fermentation. Fermentations were conducted at pilot scale and room temperature with chilies from Iquitos city. A lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strain type belonging to Lactobacillus plantarum ATCC 14917 was used in FC. Fermentations were monitored through reducing sugars, acidity and pH determinations. Microbial tests were performed: total cells count by microscopy and microbial growth in culture media. LAB, yeasts, ...

The tension between Eros and Tanatos, experimented as a unity, and expressed inVallejo's poetic texts with different modalities of representation, especially through theopposed pairs God/ Man, Mother/Son, Man/Woman, l/the Same, I /the Other, Resurrection/Tanatos is here analysed following Freud, Heidegger and Lacan.

Consideraciones: - La política de educación rural debe asumir un enfoque de cierre de brechas y articularse con políticas de reducción de la pobreza rural. - Adecuación del servicio a la diversidad de contextos rurales existentes en el país. - Transitar de acciones a una política articulada de educación rural. - Enfoque del buen vivir, desarrollo humano y territorial. - Articulación del enfoque de desarrollo humano con las perspectivas de género, inclusión e interculturalidad.

La Asamblea Nacional de Gobiernos Regionales (ANGRl, presenta seis experiencias que corresponden a las Regiones de Amazonas, Moquegua, Piura, San Martín, Puno y Arequipa; las mismas que han avanzado en el desarrollo de sus modelos de gestión del servicio educativo, cada una con sus particularidades, respondiendo a escenarios y condiciones distintas, que tienen como elemento común el conseguir que los estudiantes de su región logren aprendizajes de calidad. Estas experiencias nos muestran el esfuerzo de los GR por trazar objetivos claros, acompañados de decisiones clave de gobierno.

Para aportar en este objetivo, la Asamblea Nacional de Gobiernos Regionales (ANGR), con la asistencia técnica en materia educativa del Grupo Propuesta Ciudadana, sistematizó seis experiencias de gestión regional en materia educativa, poniendo en valor las capacidades y potencialidades de los gobiernos regionales, con la finalidad de fortalecer y promover el proceso de descentralización. De estas experiencias podemos resaltar: • El liderazgo y voluntad política de las principales autoridades regionales para conducir procesos de reforma que dinamizan la cadena de toma de decisiones. • La planificación estratégica y territorial de la política regional, teniendo como eje al Proyecto Educativo Regional. • Las rutas para incidir en la mejora del sistema educativo van desde la construcción de modelos de gestión territorial hasta programas pedagógicos en áreas focalizadas. • ...

La descentralización es un proceso político, económico y social cuyo éxito o fracaso muy probablemente definirá si el Perú llega a alcanzar un desarrollo integral en su territorio a partir del aprovechamiento del crecimiento económico de la última década. Las desigualdades económicas y sociales entre las regiones han demostrado que desde Lima no se puede lograr el desarrollo de todo el país. A pesar de la trascendencia de este proceso, la implementación del modelo de descentralización diseñado a partir de la Ley de Bases de Descentralización y de la Ley Orgánica de los Gobiernos Regionales (2002) se ha centrado básicamente en la disputa por las competencias y la transferencia de los recursos entre los gobiernos subnacionales y el Gobierno Central. Esta disputa se ha generado en un escenario de profunda desconfianza entre los funcionarios y las autoridades de los diferent...

El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar el efecto de la temperatura sobre la cinética de secado y color de la pasta desgrasada de las semillas de Lupinus mutabilis variedad criolla “tarwi” proveniente de la ciudad de Huamachuco, Región La Libertad. Las semillas fueron deslupinizadas, molidas y desengrasadas usando etanol absoluto. El secado se realizó en un secador convectivo a velocidad de 0,5 m/s. La evolución de las curvas de secado se determinó analizando la humedad vs el tiempo y la velocidad de secado (R) vs la humedad, a las temperaturas de 35, 45, 55, 65, 75 y 85 ºC.La humedad crítica de secado estuvo en el intervalo 1,49 a 0,92 g H2O/g ms, su velocidad crítica promedio de 344,2 a 1537,2 g H2O/m2.h y el coeficiente de transferencia de calor en el periodo constante fue de 0,018 W/m2 ºC. Al aumentar la temperatura de secado, el color de la harina se oscurece pasando...

In 1997, at the beginning of the school year, the President of the Republic announced the creation of a new educational level, the baccalaureate. The measure was the object of numerous objections on the part of the educational community, for reasons that we will see later, but at the same time it mobilized the imagination of public opinion, which placed various expectations on the measure: it would allow direct access to the university, it would grant a labor certification. However, the specific contours of the measure are practically unknown. The national educational opinion poll taken by Foro Educativo is revealing.

Chilies are the main ingredients of the Peruvian gastronomy. Chili "Charapita" (Capsicum frutescens) is very used in amazon food. The last decade, "the gastronomic boom" has increased their demand, so it is necessary to develop new technologies for their preservation sustainably, healthy, without affecting the environment. The aim of the present work was to analyze the microbial population dynamics during Chili "Charapita" fermentation using spontaneous (SF) and controlled (CF) fermentation. Fermentations were conducted at pilot scale and room temperature with chilies from Iquitos city. A lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strain type belonging to Lactobacillus plantarum ATCC 14917 was used in FC. Fermentations were monitored through reducing sugars, acidity and pH determinations. Microbial tests were performed: total cells count by microscopy and microbial growth in culture media. LAB, yeasts, ...

Yeasts, commonly present on the surface of fruits, are of industrial interest for the production of enzymes, flavorings, and bioactive compounds, and have many other scientific uses. The Amazonian rainforest may be a good source of new species or strains of yeasts, but their presence on Amazonian fruits is unknown. The aim of this study was to identify and characterize yeasts isolated from Amazonian native fruits using molecular and phenotypic methods. In total, 81 yeast isolates were obtained from 10 fruits species. Rep-PCR showed 29 strain profiles. Using a combination of restriction-fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) of the 5.8S-ITS region and D1/D2 sequencing of the 26S rRNA gene, 16 species were identified belonging to genera Candida, Debaryomyces, Hanseniaspora, Kodamaea, Martiniozyma, and Meyerozyma. The most dominant species were Candida tropicalis, Debaryomyces hansenii, Hansen...

Juan Vegas (Expositor) - Perú

The question of what the human dimension is, contains a great complexity, however, the modernity tries to respond in a simple way from a logic of having, that is to say, the man is measured by the level of his revenues. The search of new ways to know human´s dimension, allows to rediscover him in Aristotle´s act conception and its updating in Amartya Sen´s human capacities theory, a different focus that offers a much deeper answer from a being´s logical point of view. Nevertheless, to measure the human capacity is extremely difficult because it is an intangible one. This research is looking for the Hegelian idea of the objectivity, of the subjectivity for work, a starting point to level the difficulty and complement it with the classification of Abraham Maslow´s needs.

El presente estudio tiene como objetivo principal comprender y optimizar los procesos que conllevan una autoevaluación con fines de acreditación y mejora continua, además de elaborar un manual de procesos y procedimientos de autoevaluación para los programas académicos de la Facultad de Ingeniería. Adicionalmente, se pretende organizar y optimizar los servicios educativos que brinda la facultad para su mejora continua, estableciendo así la garantía de calidad. Para esto último, se realizó el estudio de cuatro organismos de Acreditación en Programas de Ingeniería: ABET, CEAB de Canadá y Engineers Australia (instituciones extranjeras), y la nacional CONEAU. Finalmente, con las organizaciones mencionadas, se realizó la comparación de los criterios de evaluación entre CONEAU y ABET, ya que la facultad desea homologar su acreditación con dichas instituciones.

Background: There are therapeutic alternatives in Peru with empirical native products such as potato juice. Objectives: To assess the antioxidant capacity and the gastric mucosa cytoprotection effect by Solanum tuberosum juice. Design: Experimental. Institution: Research Center of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Biological materials: Solanum tuberosum, tomasa variety, and male albino rats. Methods: Oral solid fractions of supernatant and sediment from Solanum tuberosum juice were administered to fasting rats and an hour later, alcohol was given for gastric injury; gastric tissue was obtained by laparotomy. Oxidative stress was measured in the gastric mucosa by lipoperoxidation, formation of mucus by alcian blue, and the extent of protection by measuring lacerated areas in scanned image. Main outcome measures: Antioxidant capacity...

This assay is abouth the process of the rural communities in Canta, and mainly in downtown of Lima. I have a big interest to explore the economical, social, education factors that give big proportion to this test. There are 2 big social fenomenal that give the structure of this area: first, an intense privatization and concentration of the production factor; second, a great rural difference. The neoliberalism give this context sociocultural a difference. In the city, the migrants rebuilo the regional culture as an answer to the identity of the regional culture as an answer to the original cultural regional in the new condition of the original cultural and the new condition in the urban space. Processes that produce in a national level in different themes.

In this text I meditate on some structural problems of contemporary Peruvian society, specifically about the economic, political and administrative decentralization and the process of the constitution of regions where the people should participate democratically. In this way regional identity will be real.

In this essay I analyze problems of our society that are initiated from the Republic and their roots in colonialism. The centralism of Lima is the classic expression to the extent that high percentage concentrated in the centers of finance and marketing, health, education and hinders the development of the country. This generates the migration to Lima and then to mid-sized cities. Hence the urgent need to transverse regionalization.