El cuerpo receptor en estudio es el rio San Juan, quien pertenece a la Cuenca del rio Mantaro, dicho recurso hídrico se encuentra dentro de una zona de intensa actividad minera, donde se descargan por más de cinco décadas diversos tipos de efluentes de naturaleza orgánica e inorgánica, en este sentido y debido a múltiples quejas y denuncias por parte de los residentes, así como también a la aparición de nuevas normas ambientales a mediados de la década de los noventa dieron como resultado un nuevo enfoque en cuanto al cumplimiento y obligatoriedad de cuidar el ambiente. El Objetivo principal de la presente investigación es conocer la variación de los parámetros físicos, químicos y microbiológicos durante los últimos 11 años, así como también evaluar su comportamiento a lo largo de todo el tramo monitoreado de la sub cuenca alta del río San Juan. La presente investiga...

El objetivo fue analizar el tratamiento de lixiviados por Procesos de Oxidación Avanzada (POAs), basados en el método Fenton. Para la búsqueda de información se utilizaron las palabras clave “Oxidación Avanzada”, “Relleno Sanitario”, “Lixiviado”, “Fenton”, “Leachate” y “Landfill”, en las bases de datos Scopus, Dialnet, Scielo y Redalyc. Se trabajó con el método Prisma para revisiones sistemáticas, cuya búsqueda mostró 2751 artículos, de los cuales 199 fueron tomados de Scopus, 14 de Dialnet, 12 de Scielo, y 2526 de Redalyc, de los cuales, se excluyeron 2718 artículos por no estar relacionados con el objetivo de la investigación. De las 33 publicaciones científicas seleccionadas, nueve presentaron aplicaciones directas del método Fenton, y con aplicaciones combinadas del método Fenton fueron 24. Se caracterizan y analizan los resultados obtenidos en...

The hormonal alteration generated by tributyl (TBT) in female gastropods causes sterility due to the imposex phenomenon. The aim of this study was to characterize the annual variation of imposex in the sea snail Thasiella chocolata (Muricidae) in seven locations on the central coast of Peru. A unit of 1188 samples of T. chocolata were evaluated between 2013 and 2016. The imposex cataloging was evaluated based on the following indicators: imposex in females (I%), Relative Penile Length Index (RPLI), the Relative Penile Size Index (RPSI) and the Vas Deferens Sequence Index (VDSI). The global percentage of Imposex of 36.39% was observed, and a downward trend from 2013 to 2016 in the percentage of Imposex, RPLI, RPSI and VDSI. The percentage of Imposex according to locality varied between 5.88 to 52.10%. The severity indices based on the RPLI and RPSI by locality presented the following sequ...

The rheological properties of different liquid foods and especially of fruit-based syrups depend on different aspects, among which are composition and temperature. One of the most influential aspects is the water content of the syrup and, in general, when the moisture content increases, the viscosity of the fruit syrup decreases. The objective of this work was to determine the physicochemical rheology of the fruit syrup (honey) for the Peruvian nougat "Doña pepa", to obtain the best percentage of synergism of the xanthan and tara gums, and the most suitable formulation for the fruit syrup. Six concentrations of 0.60 %, 0.80 %, 1.00 %, 1.20 %, 1.20 %, 1.40 % and 1.60 % were determined for the two gums. At each of these percentages the apparent viscosity was determined, thus characterizing the flow behavior of the product. The results of pH, soluble solids, and dynamic viscosity of the co...

The rheological properties of different liquid foods and especially of fruit-based syrups depend on different aspects, among which are composition and temperature. One of the most influential aspects is the water content of the syrup and, in general, when the moisture content increases, the viscosity of the fruit syrup decreases. The objective of this work was to determine the physicochemical rheology of the fruit syrup (honey) for the Peruvian nougat "Doña pepa", to obtain the best percentage of synergism of the xanthan and tara gums, and the most suitable formulation for the fruit syrup. Six concentrations of 0.60 %, 0.80 %, 1.00 %, 1.20 %, 1.20 %, 1.40 % and 1.60 % were determined for the two gums. At each of these percentages the apparent viscosity was determined, thus characterizing the flow behavior of the product. The results of pH, soluble solids, and dynamic viscosity of the co...

La alteración hormonal generada por el tributil de estaño (TBT) en las hembras de los gasterópodos ocasiona esterilidad debido al fenómeno del imposex. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue caracterizar la variación anual del imposex en el caracol marino Thaisella chocolata (Muricidae) en siete localidades de la costa central del Perú. Se trabajó con una unidad de análisis de 1188 muestras de T. chocolata entre 2013 al 2016. La catalogación del imposex fue evaluada con base a los siguientes indicadores: imposex en las hembras (I%), el Índice relativo de longitud del pene (RPLI), el Índice del tamaño relativo del pene (RPSI) y el Índice de Secuencia del Vaso Deferente (VDSI). Se observó un porcentaje global de Imposex de 36.39%, y una tendencia a la disminución del 2013 al 2016 del porcentaje de Imposex, RPLI, RPSI y VDSI. El porcentaje de Imposex según localidad varió ent...

The effects of concentration and temperature on the thermo-physical properties of apple juice were studied, in which density and viscosity were measured at different temperature and concentration conditions, varying from 20°C to 80°C and from 12 to 70° Brix, respectively. Density was determined by the pycnometer method and viscosity by Hooke's falling sphere method, based on Stokes' law. The density results were correlated several times, arriving, by the least squares method, at a multiple linear regression model, of three terms; while the viscosity results proved to be more difficult to correlate, which, by the least squares method, arrived at a multiple linear regression model, of six terms.  The experimental mathematical models can be used to obtain the density and viscosity data within the temperature and concentration conditions indicated in the study. Key words: density –...

The use of citrus by-products was evaluated through the fermentation of the orange peel by means of Aspergillus niger van Tieghem strain, 1867, which was obtained by inoculation in a petri dish, at a temperature of 35°C and a pH of 4,3. The crushed orange peel was used as a substrate, partially dehydrated, spread on trays, dried in cardboard trays and without heat pretreatment, adding only components and mineral nutrients, and A. niger was cultivated at different fermentation temperatures between 8°C and 40 °C. Upon completion of the fermentation process of the pretreated orange peel, maximum percentages of transformation of mineral nitrogen to organic nitrogen of 34.5% were obtained, for a value of the thermal integral between 0°C and 320°C per day, obtaining for a kg of dry matter, 6.6% protein for 600 g of product (feed) with 18% protein. Finally, the variation of the pH of the s...

The effects of concentration and temperature on the thermo-physical properties of apple juice were studied, in which density and viscosity were measured at different temperature and concentration conditions, varying from 20°C to 80°C and from 12 to 70° Brix, respectively. Density was determined by the pycnometer method and viscosity by Hooke's falling sphere method, based on Stokes' law. The density results were correlated several times, arriving, by the least squares method, at a multiple linear regression model, of three terms; while the viscosity results proved to be more difficult to correlate, which, by the least squares method, arrived at a multiple linear regression model, of six terms.  The experimental mathematical models can be used to obtain the density and viscosity data within the temperature and concentration conditions indicated in the study. Key words: density –...

El Tributil de estaño (TBT) componente de las tintas anti-incrustantes, ha demostrado tener efectos colaterales sobre los caracoles marinos. La alteración hormonal generada por el TBT en las hembras de los gasterópodos ocasiona que estos individuos se vuelvan estériles debido al fenómeno del imposex. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue caracterizar la variación interanual del imposex en el caracol marino Thasiella chocolata (Muricidae) en siete localidades de la costa central del Perú. Se trabajó con una unidad de análisis de 1188 muestras de T. chocolata entre 2013 al 2016. La catalogación del imposex fue evaluada con base a los siguientes cuatro indicadores: imposex en las hembras (I%), el índice relativo de longitud del pene (RPLI) y el Índice del tamaño relativo del pene (RPSI) y el Índice de Secuencia del Vaso Deferente (VDSI). Se observó un porcentaje global de Impo...