Los glaciares están en un proceso de retroceso causados por el cambio climático. En este contexto, el objetivo principal de esta investigación es evaluar y modelar los cambios espacio-temporales de los ambientes con glaciar en la Cordillera de los Andes del sur del Perú. Se utilizaron diferentes índices espectrales y análisis de series de tiempo basado en las imágenes de satélite Landsat y MODIS. Los resultados de los análisis indican alta dinámica en ambientes con glaciares en los trópicos exteriores secos en relación con los trópicos exteriores húmedos del Sur, en la mayoría de las cordilleras se encontró un aumento en la extensión superficial de Bofedales y cuerpos de agua y pérdida evidente de glaciares. Se propone el índice Normalized Difference Fractio Index Bofedad (NDFIb), una adaptación del Normalized Difference Fraction Index (NDFI), que muestra mejoras en e...

Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Escuela de Posgrado. Doctorado en Recursos Hídricos

“Objectives: This study aimed to geospatially model the level of geographic accessibility to health facilities among Amazonian Indigenous communities in a region of Peru. Methods: Spatial modeling of the physical accessibility of the Indigenous communities to the nearest health facility was performed through cost-distance analysis. The study area was Loreto, the region with the largest territorial area and number of Indigenous communities in Peru. The time required to reach a health facility was determined by cumulatively adding the time needed to cross the grids on the lowest cost route from the Indigenous communities’ locations to the nearest health facility, by considering Amazonian geographical conditions and the main types of transport used. Results: The median time to reach a health facility was 0.96 h (interquartile range: 0.45e2.41). Of the total communities (n ¼ 1043), only...

“Objectives: This study aimed to geospatially model the level of geographic accessibility to health facilities among Amazonian Indigenous communities in a region of Peru. Methods: Spatial modeling of the physical accessibility of the Indigenous communities to the nearest health facility was performed through cost-distance analysis. The study area was Loreto, the region with the largest territorial area and number of Indigenous communities in Peru. The time required to reach a health facility was determined by cumulatively adding the time needed to cross the grids on the lowest cost route from the Indigenous communities’ locations to the nearest health facility, by considering Amazonian geographical conditions and the main types of transport used. Results: The median time to reach a health facility was 0.96 h (interquartile range: 0.45e2.41). Of the total communities (n ¼ 1043), only...

Background: Oral diseases pose a significant public health challenge among Peruvian children. However, oral health services utilization among them is marked by inequalities, which may have been exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. The objective was to compare the frequency, inequalities, determinants of inequality, and spatial distribution in oral health services utilization in Peruvian children under 12 years of age in 2017 and 2021. Methods: Comparative secondary data analysis from the Demographic and Family Health Survey (ENDES) for the years 2017 (38,787 minors) and 2021 (36,729 minors). Age-adjusted prevalence ratios (PR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated to assess the change in oral health services utilization in the last 12 months between the years 2017 and 2021, stratifying by demographic and socioeconomic covariates. Inequality was assessed by decomposing the E...

Objectives. To perform a spatial analysis of arterial hypertension in the Peruvian adult population to identify geographic patterns with a higher concentration of cases. Materials and methods: A spatial analysis was conducted using data from the Demographic and Family Health Survey (ENDES) 2022. A sample of 29,422 adults was included, and the global Moran’s index and Getis-Ord Gi* analysis were used to evaluate spatial autocorrelation and cluster concentration. Results: The age-standardized prevalence of arterial hypertension was 19.2%. Clusters with a high concentration of arterial hypertension were observed in departments along the Peruvian coast such as Tumbes, Piura, Lambayeque, La Libertad, Ancash, and Lima, as well as in the northern regions of the Highlands. Clusters were also found in the regions of Loreto and Madre de Dios in the Peruvian jungle. Conclusions: This study reveal...

Objectives. To perform a spatial analysis of arterial hypertension in the Peruvian adult population to identify geographic patterns with a higher concentration of cases. Materials and methods: A spatial analysis was conducted using data from the Demographic and Family Health Survey (ENDES) 2022. A sample of 29,422 adults was included, and the global Moran’s index and Getis-Ord Gi* analysis were used to evaluate spatial autocorrelation and cluster concentration. Results: The age-standardized prevalence of arterial hypertension was 19.2%. Clusters with a high concentration of arterial hypertension were observed in departments along the Peruvian coast such as Tumbes, Piura, Lambayeque, La Libertad, Ancash, and Lima, as well as in the northern regions of the Highlands. Clusters were also found in the regions of Loreto and Madre de Dios in the Peruvian jungle. Conclusions: This study reveal...

Effects of climate change have led to a reduction in precipitation and an increase in temperature across several areas of the world. This has resulted in a sharp decline of glaciers and an increase in surface runoff in watersheds due to snowmelt. This situation requires a better understanding to improve the management of water resources in settled areas downstream of glaciers. In this study, the snowmelt runoff model (SRM) was applied in combination with snow-covered area information (SCA), precipitation, and temperature climatic data to model snowmelt runoff in the Santa River sub-basin (Peru). The procedure consisted of calibrating and validating the SRM model for 2005–2009 using the SRTM digital elevation model (DEM), observed temperature, precipitation and SAC data. Then, the SRM was applied to project future runoff in the sub-basin under the climate change scenarios RCP 4.5 and RC...

One of the world’s major agricultural crops is rice (Oryza sativa), a staple food for more than half of the global population. In this research, synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and optical images are used to analyze the monthly dynamics of this crop in the lower Utcubamba river basin, Peru. In addition, this study addresses the need to obtain accurate and timely information on the areas under cultivation in order to calculate their agricultural production. To achieve this, SAR sensor and Sentinel-2 optical remote sensing images were integrated using computer technology, and the monthly dynamics of the rice crops were analyzed through mapping and geometric calculation of the surveyed areas. An algorithm was developed on the Google Earth Engine (GEE) virtual platform for the classification of the Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 images and a combination of both, the result of which was improved ...

In Peru, grasslands monitoring is essential to support public policies related to the identification, recovery and management of livestock systems. In this study, therefore, we evaluated the spatial dynamics of grasslands in Pomacochas and Ventilla micro-watersheds (Amazonas, NW Peru). To do this, we used Landsat 5, 7 and 8 images and vegetation indices (normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), enhanced vegetation index (EVI) and soil adjusted vegetation index (SAVI). The data were processed in Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform for 1990, 2000, 2010 and 2020 through random forest (RF) classification reaching accuracies above 85%. The application of RF in GEE allowed surface mapping of grasslands with pressures higher than 85%. Interestingly, our results reported the increase of grasslands in both Pomacochas (from 2457.03 ha to 3659.37 ha) and Ventilla (from 1932.38 ha to 4056.26 ha...