La historia de la humanidad ha estado permanentemente vinculada a las epidemias. Hipócrates, 400 años aC, las denominadas como las enfermedades visitantes. Desde la antigüedad, se ha relatado grandes epidemias, como la Peste de Justiniano? que, en el año 543 dC, se dice mataba a 100 000 personas por día en su momento más álgido en el Mediterráneo oriental, o la ?? Peste negra ?? que asoló Europa en el siglo XIV y experimentó la muerte de 20 millones de europeos correspondientes a la cuarta parte de la población. Entre las grandes epidemias, también se describen las 7 pandemias de cólera, que desde 1816 afectaron al mundo. Durante la tercera pandemia que fectó Europa entre 1851 y 1860, al llegar el cólera a Londres, el celebre Dr. John Snow específicamente la naturaleza fecal-oral de su transmisión, incluso sin conocer la existencia de la bacteria colérica.

luis.suarez@upc.edu.pe

La historia de la humanidad ha estado permanentemente vinculada a las epidemias. Hipócrates, 400 años aC, las denominadas como las enfermedades visitantes. Desde la antigüedad, se ha relatado grandes epidemias, como la Peste de Justiniano? que, en el año 543 dC, se dice mataba a 100 000 personas por día en su momento más álgido en el Mediterráneo oriental, o la ?? Peste negra ?? que asoló Europa en el siglo XIV y experimentó la muerte de 20 millones de europeos correspondientes a la cuarta parte de la población. Entre las grandes epidemias, también se describen las 7 pandemias de cólera, que desde 1816 afectaron al mundo. Durante la tercera pandemia que fectó Europa entre 1851 y 1860, al llegar el cólera a Londres, el celebre Dr. John Snow específicamente la naturaleza fecal-oral de su transmisión, incluso sin conocer la existencia de la bacteria colérica.

Echinococcosis by Echinococcus granulosus is a problem of public health in Peru. The objective of the study was to describe the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of cystic echinococcosis cases diagnosed between 1991 and 2002 in the department of Junín in the central Andes of Peru. It was an observational study, historical cases series design. We reviewed the clinical records in hospitals of Junín to identify cases that concurred with the definition of probable and confirmed case. 1100 cases were identified, the average age ranging between 29.2 ± 18.3 years of age, 80.5% (886) confirmed. The disease is more common in women (p = 0,000022) and in who hadn’t completed elementary education (p= 0,001083). Out of all the series, the group of 5 to 19-year olds presented four hundred and three cases (36.7%). Five hundred and eighty one cases (52.8%) had a background of exposure to...

mormaeche@dge.gob.pe

El objetivo del reporte es comunicar un nuevo caso de anisakidosis humana en el Perú, producido por una larva del nemátode Pseudoterranova decipiens, aislado de una mujer de 17 años natural de Lima, que había ingerido “cebiche” en un establecimiento de la ciudad de Ica, en la Costa central del Perú. Aproximadamente, 4 horas después de la ingesta del potaje, la paciente presenta malestar general, luego, con sensación de náusea a nivel del epigastrio, este síntoma se hizo más intenso 5 horas después y la paciente presentó vómitos, en cuyo contenido se halló un nemátode vivo que fue identificado como larva L3 de P. decipiens. Este es uno de los agentes etiológicos de la anisakidosis.

We report the case of a 10 year old girl, born and raised in the city of Iquitos in Peru who presented with headache, fever, chills, musculoskeletal pain, mild epigastric pain, epistaxis and hematemesis. On physical examination, the patient was afebrile and in good general condition. Serological tests confirmed infection of dengue and leptospirosis. The patient received intravenous hydration with sodium chloride 0.9% and penicillin G sodium, achieving a favorable clinical course such that she was discharged a few days after admission to the hospital. Although these diseases are common in the Peruvian Amazon, the simultaneous presence of both in the pediatric population is little documented; therefore, a good clinical history and laboratory tests are important for diagnosis and treatment.

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and mean intensity of infection by the nematode Anisakis physeteris larvae and other helminths according to size and sex. The study was performed on 57 specimens of Coryphaena hippurus selected at random in “Ventanilla” Fisheries Market, Callao, Peru in May 2002. The prevalence and the mean intensity to A. physeteris larvae were of 33,33% and 1,37; to Hysterotylacium sp., adult and larvae were 100% and 88,93%; to Tentacularia coryphaenae metacestods were 71,92% and 6,44; to Nybelinia sp., were 19,29 and 2,64; to Bathycotyle coryphaenae trematods were 28,07% and 2,25 and to Dinurus spp., were 22,81% and 3,42, respectively. The fishes between 127-130 cm of size were the most parasitized by A. physeteris larvae. This species was prevalent in the evaluated population and in spite of the low mean intensity, there is a risk to contract ...

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and mean intensity of infection by the nematode Anisakis physeteris larvae and other helminths according to size and sex. The study was performed on 57 specimens of Coryphaena hippurus selected at random in “Ventanilla” Fisheries Market, Callao, Peru in May 2002. The prevalence and the mean intensity to A. physeteris larvae were of 33,33% and 1,37; to Hysterotylacium sp., adult and larvae were 100% and 88,93%; to Tentacularia coryphaenae metacestods were 71,92% and 6,44; to Nybelinia sp., were 19,29 and 2,64; to Bathycotyle coryphaenae trematods were 28,07% and 2,25 and to Dinurus spp., were 22,81% and 3,42, respectively. The fishes between 127-130 cm of size were the most parasitized by A. physeteris larvae. This species was prevalent in the evaluated population and in spite of the low mean intensity, there is a risk to contract ...

El dengue, también conocido popularmente como “Fiebre quebrantahuesos” es la más importante enfermedad viral humana transmitida por vectores artrópodos del genero Aedes, principalmente A. aegypti (1,2). Esta se ha ido extendiendo a varios países alrededor del mundo, en especial a los de las regiones tropicales y subtropicales en donde es una amenaza para más de 2 500 millones de personas (2), por lo que en la actualidad se le considera como una de las principales enfermedades virales reemergentes y emergentes a escala mundial. La diseminación del dengue obedece a muchas causas: guerras, viajes, calentamiento global, migraciones, hacinamiento, crecimiento demográfico, urbanización descontrolada, deterioro de los sistemas de servicios de agua y su almacenaje inadecuado, así como, a la falta de políticas preventivas de salud pública en los últimos 30 años en�...

OBJECTIVE: To determine the presence of congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) in three Peruvian cities. DESIGN: Transversal, descriptive study. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Children under twelve years old with major definition criteriae of congenital rubella syndrome receiving special education in Lima (three), Cusco (two) and Arequipa (one) schools, from 1998 to 2000, were included. RESULTS: From 364 children 105 were included, 61% of cases suspicious, 21% probable and 1,9% confirmed; 64,7% had central nervous system manifestations, 31% ocular manifestations, 18% at least two clinical manifestations. CONCLUSIONS: Probable and confirmed cases of CRS represented 6,6% of all children receiving special education, evidencing that CRS represents a health problem in our country and the need to initiate anti-rubella vaccination in Peru.

Influenza is a highly contagious disease. There are some historical descriptions of this condition by ancient Greek physicians, and the etiological agents have been known only for the last eight decades. The causative agent is the influenza virus, which has three main types: A, B, and C. Type A is capable of circulating within many different biological reservoirs, including humans, swine, and birds. It also has high genetic variability, which allows it to have minor antigenic drifts or mutations which are responsible of epidemics in humans. Sometimes changes are quite marked, leading to pandemics.In a globalized world, with more than 6 billion inhabitants, with many social inequities and evident climate changes, influenza viruses are a permanent risk for mankind.Clinical features for the different viral subtypes may vary from subtle infections to full blown and severe, life-threatening f...

Influenza is a highly contagious disease. There are some historical descriptions of this condition by ancient Greek physicians, and the etiological agents have been known only for the last eight decades. The causative agent is the influenza virus, which has three main types: A, B, and C. Type A is capable of circulating within many different biological reservoirs, including humans, swine, and birds. It also has high genetic variability, which allows it to have minor antigenic drifts or mutations which are responsible of epidemics in humans. Sometimes changes are quite marked, leading to pandemics. In a globalized world, with more than 6 billion inhabitants, with many social inequities and evident climate changes, influenza viruses are a permanent risk for mankind. Clinical features for the different viral subtypes may vary from subtle infections to full blown and severe, life-threatening...

Influenza is a highly contagious disease. There are some historical descriptions of this condition by ancient Greek physicians, and the etiological agents have been known only for the last eight decades. The causative agent is the influenza virus, which has three main types: A, B, and C. Type A is capable of circulating within many different biological reservoirs, including humans, swine, and birds. It also has high genetic variability, which allows it to have minor antigenic drifts or mutations which are responsible of epidemics in humans. Sometimes changes are quite marked, leading to pandemics.In a globalized world, with more than 6 billion inhabitants, with many social inequities and evident climate changes, influenza viruses are a permanent risk for mankind.Clinical features for the different viral subtypes may vary from subtle infections to full blown and severe, life-threatening f...

There are not known bibliometric indicators of the information produced by the surveillance system in Peru. Aim: to determine the trend of downloads and the total number of citations of Boletín Epidemiológico (Lima) for biomedical journals (January 1991 - August 2011). Methods: visibility was evaluated by download statistics available at www.dge.gob.pe. Citations were searched electronically using the titles and acronyms of Boletín Epidemiológico (Lima) on Google Scholar. Additionally, we manually reviewed the reference section of 6 journals printed between 2000 and 2004, and 12 on-line journals, indexed and published between January 1991 and August 2011. Results: During the study period, Boletín Epidemiológico (Lima) was cited 89 times by 13 journals, 4 of which were international. Boletín Epidemiológico (Lima) was cited in 35 (39.3%) articles by Revista Peruana de Medicina Expe...

joruiz@clinic.ub.es

Objetivo: Identificar los factores asociados al abandono del tratamientoantituberculoso en un centro de salud de atención primaria del distrito de Chorrillos, Lima, Perú. Materiales y métodos: Estudio de casos y controles retrospectivo no pareado. Se definió como caso a los pacientes que abandonaron el tratamiento por un periodo de 30 días consecutivos o más y como controles a los pacientes que terminaron el tratamiento antituberculoso. Se evaluó el puntaje de riesgo de abandono que se realiza en el centro de salud (≥22), así como variables demográficas. Se calculó el odds ratio (OR) e intervalos de confianza al 95% (IC95%) usando regresión logística. Resultados: Se incluyó 34 controles y 102 casos. En el análisis multivariado se encontró que quienes cursaron menos de seis años de educación (OR: 22,2; IC95%: 1,9-256,1)así como quienes tenían un puntaje ≥ a ...

Objetivo: Identificar los factores asociados al abandono del tratamiento antituberculoso en un centro de salud de atención primaria del distrito de Chorrillos, Lima, Perú. Materiales y métodos: Estudio de casos y controles retrospectivo no pareado. Se definió como caso a los pacientes que abandonaron el tratamiento por un periodo de 30 días consecutivos o más y como controles a los pacientes que terminaron el tratamiento antituberculoso. Se evaluó el puntaje de riesgo de abandono que se realiza en el centro de salud (≥22), así como variables demográficas. Se calculó el odds ratio (OR) e intervalos de confianza al 95% (IC95%) usando regresión logística. Resultados: Se incluyó 34 controles y 102 casos. En el análisis multivariado se encontró que quienes cursaron menos de seis años de educación (OR: 22,2; IC95%: 1,9-256,1) así como quienes tenían un puntaje ≥ a 22 pun...

Objetivo: Identificar los factores asociados al abandono del tratamientoantituberculoso en un centro de salud de atención primaria del distrito de Chorrillos, Lima, Perú. Materiales y métodos: Estudio de casos y controles retrospectivo no pareado. Se definió como caso a los pacientes que abandonaron el tratamiento por un periodo de 30 días consecutivos o más y como controles a los pacientes que terminaron el tratamiento antituberculoso. Se evaluó el puntaje de riesgo de abandono que se realiza en el centro de salud (≥22), así como variables demográficas. Se calculó el odds ratio (OR) e intervalos de confianza al 95% (IC95%) usando regresión logística. Resultados: Se incluyó 34 controles y 102 casos. En el análisis multivariado se encontró que quienes cursaron menos de seis años de educación (OR: 22,2; IC95%: 1,9-256,1)así como quienes tenían un puntaje ≥ a ...

Objective: To determine congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) presence in Peru. Design: Descriptive, cross sectional study. Material and Methods: Review of clinical records of children hospitalized between January 1998 and June 2000 at 17 hospital pediatric services in seven districts of Peru, children who presented al least one of the following diagnosis: congenital cataracts or glaucoma, retinitis pigmentosa, congenital cardiac malformation or neurosensorial deafness. The cases were classified as suspected, probable and confirmed. Results: From 91102 hospital discharge diagnosis of children less than 12 year-old, 361 fulfilled inclusion criteria; 51,8% were suspicious, 9,7% probable, and 1,4% confirmed; 93,6% had congenital heart symptomatology, 29,6% central nervous alterations, and 18,6% ocular manifestations;11% of the children had at least two clinical manifestations. Conclusion: There...