Despite the importance of maintaining flexible pavements in optimal conditions to guarantee the trafficability and comfort of users, the evaluation of failures in these pavements is usually a slow and costly process.Early detection of these failures is essential to prevent them from escalating and generating higher rehabilitation costs.Furthermore, in some areas of the city of Lima, the lack of government budget and availability for road maintenance further complicates the situation.This article addresses the evaluation of functional failures in flexible pavements, incorporating the use of mobile technology and image processing through the use of the MATLAB tool compared to the conventional method of Pavement Condition Index (PCI) according to ASTM D6433.The implementation of mobile technology together with the processing of photographic images for the evaluation of the PCI of the paveme...

Esta investigación se llevó a cabo en el Centro de Investigaciones IVITA de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos en el departamento de Junín, Perú. El objetivo principal fue determinar el efecto de plantas de arveja ( Pisum sativum ), sembradas al voleo para establecer un cultivo temporal, sobre la abundancia y composición botánica de especies de malezas durante el establecimiento de una mezcla de pastos de gramíneas y leguminosas en el Valle del Mantaro . Se evaluaron los siguientes tratamientos: T1, pasto mixto con deshierbe manual, sin arveja. T2, pasto mixto sin deshierbe y guisante de olor. T3, pasto mixto con guisante de olor y sin deshierbe. Se utilizó un diseño de bloques completamente aleatorizados con tres repeticiones para el análisis estadístico del experimento. Todas las parcelas fueron sembradas con, 10 kg ha-1 de Lolium multiflorumJusticia. 'Tama', 10 kg ...

La tuberculosis es una enfermedad pandémica importante causada por Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Además existen otras bacterias que causan patrones similares en la clínica llevando a una mala interpretación en la identificación en los laboratorios. Por lo tanto, es necesario introducir un nuevo protocolo con el fin de identificar correctamente los agentes patógenos en muestras en el laboratorio microbiológico. Se utilizaron las muestras ATP1084, TCD007 y LS (M. tuberculosis). Se realizaron tinciones con Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) y auramina. Se emplearon los cultivos en medio MOD (Medio de Observación Microscópica para Tuberculosis), en LJ (Lowenstein-Jensen) y en medio solido 7H11. Las muestras ATP1084 y TCD007 mostraron patrones similares en la tinción auramina, cultivo MOD y cultivo 7H11 con un crecimiento temprano, pero mostraron características diferentes en tinciones con ZN y en c...

Es de gran importancia en el sistema agropecuario estudiar las malezas tóxicas y sus efectos en el ganado. El objetivo fue identificar malezas tóxicas para el ganado en el valle del Mantaro, Junín. Establecimiento de pastos y caminos de monitoreo, fueron evaluados en el 2012 y 2013 respectivamente. En el establecimiento de pastizales se realizaron evaluaciones de 1 ha de los potreros Octoberfest en cuadrantes de 0,25m2, las muestras se tomaron al azar. En total se registraron 50 especies de malezas incluidas en 39 géneros y 16 familias. De las cuales el 44 % son tóxicas. Según el índice de valor de importancia (IVI), las especies más importantes fueron: Brassica rapa subsp. campestris, Veronica persica, Capsella bursa- pastoris y Fuertesimalva leptocalyx.

The present study presents a detailed analysis of the diurnal and monthly cycles the surface boundary layer and of surface energy balance in a sparse natural vegetation canopy on Huancayo observatory (12.04° S, 75.32° W, 3313 m ASL), which is located in the central Andes of Peru (Mantaro Valley) during an entire year (May 2018-April 2019). We used a set of meteorological sensors (temperature, relative humidity, wind) installed in a gradient tower 30 m high, a set of radiative sensors to measure all irradiance components, and a set of tensiometers and heat flux plate to measure soil moisture, soil temperatures and soil heat flux. To estimate turbulent energy fluxes (sensible and latent), two flux-gradient methods: the aerodynamic method and the Bowen-ratio energy-balance method were used. The ground heat flux at surface was estimated using a molecular heat transfer equation. The results...

A set of instruments to measure several physical, microphysical, and radiative properties of the atmosphere and clouds are essential to identify, understand and, subsequently, forecast and prevent the effects of extreme meteorological events, such as severe rainfall, hailstorms, frost events and high pollution events, that can occur with some regularity in the central Andes of Peru. However, like many other Latin American countries, Peru lacks an adequate network of meteorological stations to identify and analyze extreme meteorological events. To partially remedy this deficiency, the Geophysical Institute of Peru has installed a set of specialized sensors (LAMAR) on the Huancayo observatory (12.04◦ S, 75.32◦ W, 3350 m ASL), located in the Mantaro river basin, which is a part of the central Andes of Peru, especially in agricultural areas. LAMAR consists of a set of sensors that are us...

The mass and kinetic energy distribution of nuclear fragments after neutron - induced fission of 235U have been studied using a Monte-Cario simulation. Besides reproducing the pronounced peak in the standard deviation of the kinetic energy o-E(m) at the fragmcnt mass number around m = 109, our simulation also produces a second peak at about m !26. These results are in good agreement with experimental data obtained by Belhafaf et al.8 We conclude that the obtained results are consequence of the characteristics of the fragrnents' neutron evaporation and of the sharp variation on the primary mass yield curve.

In the present work we study the influence of the unfolding procedure on the electronic level spacing statistics of silver nanoparticles (in their most stable configuration) with 923 and 2057 atoms, which were obtained employing molecular dynamics simulation with a tighet-binding potential. The results indicate that there is a strong dependence of the Brody parameter with the degree "n" of the polynomial used to make the unfolding procedure, especially for small n. For n=>6 the Brody parameter, independently of the nanoparticle sizes, remains almost constant. Thus, it was determined that the Brody parameter is close to the value corresponding to the Wiguer distribution, which is expected for systems in the metallic regime.

In this paper we study the influence of cooling rate on the structural properties of silver nanowires with 1.6 nm of diameter. This study is done employing molecular dynamics methods with a tight-binding potential. The cooling rates used are in the range of 0.25-25 K/ps. The structural analysis of these systems is performed studying the pair correlation function and the pair analysis technique. The results indicate that the cooling rate affects significantly the structural properties of silver nanowires finding two representative rates, the rupture rate of 2.55 K/ps, where the nanowire is broken into two nanoparticles, and the collapse rate of 1.73 K/ps, where the two nanoparticles collapse to one spherical nanoparticle.

In the present work we estimate the aerosols optical thickness (AOT) in the wavelength of 0.55µm using the mod021km - level 1B Calibrated Radiances - 1km images as input of the SBDART radiative transfer model [1]. The study area is Peru in the geographic latitudes 0 to 20°S and the geographic longitudes of 82 to 68°O. The SBDART model simulates the radiative transfer in the atmosphere (scattering, absorption, emission, etc.), estimating the irradiance in the top of the atmosphere and on the Earth surface. The two-stream and Eddington approximations are used to solve the radiative transfer equation, considering a parallel plane atmosphere. This model generate equations defining the AOT of 0.55µm as a function of the reflectance at the top of the atmosphere (TOA) for the band 1 at 0.66µm of the MODIS sensor.The 0.55 µm AOT estimated by the SBDART model was verify with the 0.55µm A...

Poster presented at the 2021 CEDAR Virtual Workshop, June 20-25.

Se utiliza la fluorescencia de rayos X y el análisis por activación neutrónica para evaluar el contenido de nitrógeno en muestras de raíz, tallo, hojas, flores y granos de quinua (Chenopodium quinoa Willd), tratada previamente con diferentes formas de adición de un fertilizante nitrogenado. 

Se utiliza la fluorescencia de rayos X y el análisis por activación neutrónica para evaluar el contenido de nitrógeno en muestras de raíz, tallo, hojas, flores y granos de quinua (Chenopodium quinoa Willd), tratada previamente con diferentes formas de adición de un fertilizante nitrogenado. 

Waste management in cities has proved to be a complex task for policy-makers who seek cost reductions when taking decisions. However, on many occasions substantial environmental gain can be attained through waste management optimization. In this particular study, the main objective was to combine operational research techniques with Life Cycle Assessment to locate collection sites for general and recyclable residues and create an effective collection-route system for compactor trucks to attain a reduction in environmental impacts. The case study selected was the district of Comas, one of the most populated districts in the city of Lima, a city that has experienced several episodes of poor waste collection management in recent years. For the location of the collection sites a mathematical optimization model was proposed to decide where to locate them, as well as the number of containers r...

In the present work we study the influence of disorder on the electronic level statistics of a copper nanoparticle with 3568 atoms (Cu3568). The most stable configuration was obtained from molecular dynamic simulations employing a Johnson’s potential for copper. The results indicate that for weak disorder on the on-site energy of the tight-binding Hamiltonian, the nearest-neighbors level spacing distribution is similar to the Wigner distribution. Howerver, for strong disorder the distribution changes to a Poisson-like distribution which is expected for strongly disordered systems.

On the base of the application of multielemental analytic methods of characterization of organic samples, such as the fluorescence of X-rays, neutron activation analysis and Coleman chemical analysis, the possibility of use of several parts of the plant named Quinua, Chenopodium quinoa Willd is suggested as alternative natural fertilizer for this crop.

In the present work we study the influence of disorder on the electronic level statistics of a copper nanoparticle with 3568 atoms (Cu3568). The most stable configuration was obtained from molecular dynamic simulations employing a Johnson’s potential for copper. The results indicate that for weak disorder on the on-site energy of the tight-binding Hamiltonian, the nearest-neighbors level spacing distribution is similar to the Wigner distribution. Howerver, for strong disorder the distribution changes to a Poisson-like distribution which is expected for strongly disordered systems.

371-2012-CONCYTEC-OAJ

Aim: To evaluate the research courses’ characteristics and the scientific output of its teachers within Peruvian medical schools. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was performed, using data from the medical schools existing in Peru in 2011. The research courses’ syllabi and its teachers were evaluated. The number of courses, its teachers and the scientific output of them were assessed. Results: Schools had a median of 5.5 [range 2 to 18] credits of research courses, and 1.75% [0.6 to 6.3] was the median of percentages of total credits. In 18/32 (56%) schools existed at least one course requiring the student to present a final inform, and only one school entailed the students to publish the courses’ products in scientific journals. Furthermore, only five (16%) schools employed at least one instructor that had ever published at least one original article as the correspondi...

In the Central Andes of Peru, convective and stratiform rainfall occurs, frequently associated with convective storms. The raindrop size distributions (RSD), measured by a Parsivel-2 optical disdrometer, were characterized by the variation of their normalized parameters. The RSD dataset includes measurements corresponding to 18 months between 2017 and 2019. As a result, it was found that the mass-weighted mean diameter Dm and the Nw parameter present respectively high and low values, in the interval of 15-20 LST (local standard time), wherein deeper and more active clouds appear. The events including convective rainfall contribute 67.5% of the accumulated total, wherein 92% corresponds to the 15-20 LST interval. It is concluded that the spectral variability of the RSD is strongly controlled by the cloudiness configuration field developing over the west (convection over highlands) and eas...