RESUMEN En la perspectiva de la mejora continua de la relación empresa – cliente, el presente trabajo de investigación ha abordado el análisis de la realidad actual del trato que se brinda a los usuarios en la empresa Servicios Automotrices del Norte S.R.L. dedicada a la venta de vehículos automotores de la prestigiosa marca mundial Hyundai Motor Company, de origen coreano, para uso de actividades empresariales y domésticas, a fin de determinar debilidades y potencialidades de impacto en las actividades comerciales de esta marca. En este contexto, la presente investigación ha consistido en la identificación y el análisis de aspectos y factores de relación entre empresa y clientes externos, para lo cual se ha usado el método Servqual, para el recojo de información a través de una encuesta, como instrumento de recolección de datos; así como de comunicaciones telefónicas pa...

The present work evaluated the mortality, removal, and discarded rates in broilers of two commercial genetic lines, reared in three consecutive cycles of 45-49 days each under similar management conditions. In each cycle, 360 birds per genetic line (A and B) were used. Necropsy was carried out to dead and removed birds. Removed birds were those that showed severe growth delay and discarded birds were those that showed injuries or abnormalities at the end of the cycle. In both lines, the main causes of mortality were the ascites syndrome and sudden death syndrome. Line B showed higher mortality rate during the first cycle (p<0.05), but there was no statistical difference in the removal and discarded rates between the two genetics lines. The main cause for removing birds in both lines was leg problems, mainly chondrodystrophia. In general, it can be concluded that productive performance...

The present work evaluated the mortality, removal, and discarded rates in broilers of two commercial genetic lines, reared in three consecutive cycles of 45-49 days each under similar management conditions. In each cycle, 360 birds per genetic line (A and B) were used. Necropsy was carried out to dead and removed birds. Removed birds were those that showed severe growth delay and discarded birds were those that showed injuries or abnormalities at the end of the cycle. In both lines, the main causes of mortality were the ascites syndrome and sudden death syndrome. Line B showed higher mortality rate during the first cycle (p<0.05), but there was no statistical difference in the removal and discarded rates between the two genetics lines. The main cause for removing birds in both lines was leg problems, mainly chondrodystrophia. In general, it can be concluded that productive performance...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance and sanitary status of broilers chickens raised in new and reused litters. For this purpose, 125 male broilers from the Ross 308 line were raised in a new and 125 in a litter that has been reused during 5 flocks. Growth data was weekly collected, as well as ammonia levels, oocysts count per gram of litter, and count of coliformis bacteria, fungi and mesofilic bacteria (CFU per gram of litter)in both groups. Level of antibodies against infectious bronchitis, Newcastle disease, infectious bursal disease, chicken anemia virus, and avian reoviruses were evaluated by ELISA test at the beginning and ending of the flock (day 49). No statistical difference was found between groups on growth rate, ammonia levels and oocysts count, however, the CFU count for mesofilic bacteria was higher in birds on new litter (p<0.05). The serology results ...

This study was carried out to evaluate the influence of environmental temperature and humidity on productive performance of Cobb-Vantress 500 broiler chickens reared for 45 days under an open broiler house during the winter and summer seasons (2004). The trial comprised 720 1-day-old chickens (360 chickens per season using 5 repetitions of 34 males and 38 females each). Body weight, body weight gain, feed consumption, feed conversion index, mortality, body size uniformity, and productive efficiency index were evaluated. Weekly body weight and body weight gain were statistically different between birds reared in winter and summer (p<0.05). The higher temperature during summer affected feed consumption, body weight and productive efficiency index but did not affect feed conversion index. The rearing of broiler chickens, both males and females, during the summer season as compared to win...

The aim of the present study was to compare the productive performance of single stage versus multiple stage incubation in eggs of broiler breeders of three age groups. In the incubation process was used 21 878 026 eggs from Cobb 500 broiler breeders (slow feather) grouped in three age categories: young (24 to 35 weeks), adults (36 to 50 weeks), and old (51 to 63 weeks) for a period of one year. The results showed lower total embryonic mortality in the single stage as compared to the multi stage incubation system (p<0.05), both in the young (9.55 vs 10.49%), adult (7.06 vs 9.62%) and old breeders (8.31 vs 12.55%) as well as higher total hatchability and hatchability of fertile eggs in the single stage incubation system in the three age groups (p<0.05). In addition, it was found a better utilization of the older breeders under the single stage incubation system.

The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of treating broiler litter with active aluminosilicate on productive parameters of broiler chickens. Four hundred broilers Ross 308 of both sexes were reared for 44 days. Half of them were reared on litter treated with aluminosilicate and the other half on untreated litter. Productive performance of chicks and ammonia concentrations, atmospheric ph, litter ph, and moisture ratio of the litter were evaluated on a weekly basis. Additionally, lesions in breast and foot pads were also evaluated. Body weight gain, feed conversion index, and productive efficiency index were statistically similar between the two groups. No breast lesions were observed and the degree of lesions in foot pads was similar in the two groups. The ammonia concentrations, atmospheric ph, and litter ph were higher in the non-treated litter group showing that the litter trea...

This study was carried out to evaluate the influence of environmental temperature and humidity on productive performance of Cobb-Vantress 500 broiler chickens reared for 45 days under an open broiler house during the winter and summer seasons (2004). The trial comprised 720 1-day-old chickens (360 chickens per season using 5 repetitions of 34 males and 38 females each). Body weight, body weight gain, feed consumption, feed conversion index, mortality, body size uniformity, and productive efficiency index were evaluated. Weekly body weight and body weight gain were statistically different between birds reared in winter and summer (p<0.05). The higher temperature during summer affected feed consumption, body weight and productive efficiency index but did not affect feed conversion index. The rearing of broiler chickens, both males and females, during the summer season as compared to win...

El estudio evaluó el efecto del tratamiento de la cama con un aluminosilicato activado sobre los parámetros productivos en pollos de carne. Se utilizaron 400 pollos de carne de ambos sexos de la línea Ross 308. La mitad se crió sobre cama tratada con aluminosilicato y la otra mitad sobre cama no tratada hasta los 44 días de edad. Se analizó los datos productivos de las aves, niveles de amoniaco y pH atmosférico del gallinero, y pH y porcentaje de humedad de la cama. También se evaluó la presencia de pododermatitis y lesiones a nivel de la pechuga. La ganancia de peso, el índice de conversión alimenticia y el índice de eficiencia productivo europeo fueron estadísticamente similares entre los dos grupos. No se evidenció lesiones a nivel de la pechuga y el grado de lesiones a nivel de las patas fue similar en ambos grupos. El nivel de amoniaco, pH atmosférico y pH de la cama ...

Se evaluó la influencia de la temperatura y humedad medioambiental sobre los parámetros productivos de pollos de carne de la línea Cobb-Vantress 500 criados por 45 días bajo el sistema de galpón abierto durante las estaciones de invierno y verano del 2004. Se utilizaron 720 pollos (360 aves por estación, empleándose 5 repeticiones con 34 machos y 38 hembras por grupo). Se evaluó el peso corporal, ganancia de peso, consumo de alimento, índice de conversión alimenticia, mortalidad,uniformidad de peso corporal e índice de eficiencia productivo. Hubo diferencias significativas (p<0.05) entre las campañas de verano e invierno con relación al peso y ganancia de peso semanal. La mayor temperatura en el verano afectó el consumo de alimento, la ganancia de peso y el índice de eficiencia productiva, pero no el índice de conversión alimenticia. La crianza de pollos de carne, tan...

Se evaluó el rendimiento productivo y la calidad sanitaria de pollos de carne criados sobre cama nueva y cama reutilizada. Se crió 250 pollos machos de la línea Ross 308, 125 en cama nueva y 125 en cama reutilizada por cinco campañas. Semanalmente se obtuvo datos de parámetros productivos, nivel de amoniaco, recuento de ooquistes por gramo de cama y recuento de UFC/g de cama de coliformes, mesófilos y hongos en ambos grupos. Además, se evaluó el nivel de anticuerpos mediante ELISA para bronquitis infecciosa, Newcastle, Gumboro, anemia infecciosa y reovirus al inicio y al final de la crianza (día 49). No hubo diferencia estadística entre grupos con relación a los parámetros productivos. Tampoco se encontró diferencias estadísticas en los niveles de amoniaco y recuento de ooquistes, pero el recuento de UFC/g de mesófilos fue mayor en cama nueva (p<0.05). Los resultados de...

Se evaluó la influencia de la temperatura y humedad medioambiental sobre los parámetros productivos de pollos de carne de la línea Cobb-Vantress 500 criados por 45 días bajo el sistema de galpón abierto durante las estaciones de invierno y verano del 2004. Se utilizaron 720 pollos (360 aves por estación, empleándose 5 repeticiones con 34 machos y 38 hembras por grupo). Se evaluó el peso corporal, ganancia de peso, consumo de alimento, índice de conversión alimenticia, mortalidad,uniformidad de peso corporal e índice de eficiencia productivo. Hubo diferencias significativas (p<0.05) entre las campañas de verano e invierno con relación al peso y ganancia de peso semanal. La mayor temperatura en el verano afectó el consumo de alimento, la ganancia de peso y el índice de eficiencia productiva, pero no el índice de conversión alimenticia. La crianza de pollos de carne, tan...

The aim of the present study was to compare the productive performance of single stage versus multiple stage incubation in eggs of broiler breeders of three age groups. In the incubation process was used 21 878 026 eggs from Cobb 500 broiler breeders (slow feather) grouped in three age categories: young (24 to 35 weeks), adults (36 to 50 weeks), and old (51 to 63 weeks) for a period of one year. The results showed lower total embryonic mortality in the single stage as compared to the multi stage incubation system (p<0.05), both in the young (9.55 vs 10.49%), adult (7.06 vs 9.62%) and old breeders (8.31 vs 12.55%) as well as higher total hatchability and hatchability of fertile eggs in the single stage incubation system in the three age groups (p<0.05). In addition, it was found a better utilization of the older breeders under the single stage incubation system.

La coccidiosis aviar es una enfermedad presente en todo el mundo que ocasiona grandes pérdidas económicas en la avicultura mundial. El presente estudio tuvo por objetivo determinar la relación entre concentración de ooquistes en cama y el grado de lesiones intestinales, así como aportar información sobre la situaciòn actual de la coccidiosis subclínica en el Perú. El estudio fue realizado durante los meses de abril a junio de 1999, cuando la temperatura ambiental estuvo entre 19 a 2l°C y la humedad relativa entre 60-85%. Se obtuvieron muestras de cama por el método de la doble W a los O,7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49 días de edad y fueron procesadas por el método de Mc Master modificado. Se sacrificaron 108 aves a los 28 y 35 días de edad respectivamente, realizándose la evaluación de lesiones intestinales macroscópicas y microscópicas En el recuento de ooquistes por gramo d...

A new vaccination programme against infectious bursal disease using a virusantibody complex vaccine in comparison with a traditional programme under field conditions was evaluated. In each group, 21,800 broiler chickens of Cobb Vantress 500 line were used. The experimental group was vaccinated with the strain 2512 in combination with specific antibodies at the incubation plant on day 18 of embryonic development, whereas the control group received two vaccines of live virus, the Bursine®2 and Bursa Blen, administered by drinking water at 8 and 19 days of age respectively. Body weight, feed conversion index, European Production Efficiency Index, mortality, bursal index, histopathological lesions, and antibody levels against IBDV were evaluated. Birds of the experimental group showed higher body weight (p<0.05), and better feed conversion index and production efficiency index at 47 days...

Se evaluó un nuevo programa de vacunación contra la Enfermedad Infecciosa de la Bursa que contenía la vacuna complejo virus-anticuerpo en comparación con un programa tradicional bajo condiciones de campo. En cada grupo se utilizó 21,800 pollos de engorde de ambos sexos de la línea Cobb Vantress 500. El grupo experimental recibió un complejo virus-anticuerpo en la planta de incubación a los 18 días de desarrollo embrionario, y el grupo control recibió dos vacunas a virus vivo, Bursine®2 y Bursa Blen, administradas por agua de bebida a los 8 y 19 días de edad, respectivamente. Se determinó en forma semanal y hasta los 47 días de edad, en ambos grupos, el peso corporal, índice de conversión alimenticia (ICA), índice de eficiencia productiva europeo (IEPE), mortalidad, índice bursal, lesiones histopatológicas y niveles de anticuerpos contra el VEIB. Las aves del grupo expe...

La coccidiosis aviar es una enfermedad presente en todo el mundo que ocasiona grandes pérdidas económicas en la avicultura mundial. El presente estudio tuvo por objetivo determinar la relación entre concentración de ooquistes en cama y el grado de lesiones intestinales, así como aportar información sobre la situaciòn actual de la coccidiosis subclínica en el Perú. El estudio fue realizado durante los meses de abril a junio de 1999, cuando la temperatura ambiental estuvo entre 19 a 2l°C y la humedad relativa entre 60-85%. Se obtuvieron muestras de cama por el método de la doble W a los O,7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49 días de edad y fueron procesadas por el método de Mc Master modificado. Se sacrificaron 108 aves a los 28 y 35 días de edad respectivamente, realizándose la evaluación de lesiones intestinales macroscópicas y microscópicas En el recuento de ooquistes por gramo d...

Vaccination against the Infectious Bursal disease via spray and via drinking water was compared in broilers using a vaccine with intermediate strains in a vaccination programme at 7 and 17 days of age. A total of 69 100 Cobb Vantress 500 chicks in a commercial farm were divided in two similar groups. Group A was vaccinated via spray and group B was vaccinated via drinking water. Then, 50 chicks at 29 days of age from each group were relocated to an experimental farm and challenged with a standard F52/70 strain. Bursal index, macroscopic and microscopic lesions, and serological response were monitored in both challenged and non-challenged birds. Minor clinical signs of short duration, including depressions and diarrhea were observed during three days in challenged birds in both experimental groups showing the level of protection conferred by the vaccine in both groups; however, greater nu...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the economic impact caused by avian infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) in a commercial layer farm located in the district of Chilca, Lima, with a population of 14 415 hens that was affected by the ILT from August 2008 to March 2010. A survey was conducted and visits to the farm were done to collect biosafety and production data, and production costs of the campaign with ILT and the previous campaign without ILT. The economic impact was evaluated by comparing data from both campaigns using a stochastic distribution model with the risk analysis program @ RISK 5.1®. The cost per kilogram of eggs increased by 34%, egg production declined by 16%, and mortality increased by 18% in the campaign with ILT.

The aim of this study was to quantify the economic impact of avian infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) on productive and economic performance of broilers. Two batches of 35 000 broilers each up to 49 days of age were evaluated. The first batch was affected for ILT while the other was not affected. A survey was conducted to collect information about productive data, biosecurity and production cost per batch, as well as additional costs related to the control of the disease. The economic impact was evaluated by comparing data from both batches using a stochastic distribution model with the risk analysis program @Risk 5.1®. Besides, a statistical analysis was done to determine difference between productive data of the two batches. In the one with ILT the mortality increased by 3.51% and feed conversion rate by 16.8%, while the productive efficiency decreased by 27.3% compared with the batch...