La diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) se define genéticamente como una enfermedad compleja originada por la interacción del medio ambiente y los genes, que se encuentran ubicados en diferentes regiones del genoma humano. El gen calpaína 10 (CAPN10), localizado en 2q37.3, constituye un gen de susceptibilidad para esta enfermedad. La asociación alélica y haplotípica observada de los polimorfismos de nucleótido simple (SNP) 19, 43 y 63 en poblaciones amerindias y algunas europeas confirmaría estos resultados. En esta investigación se postuló que los SNP 19, 43 y 63 del gen CAPN10 estaban asociados a DM2 en la población peruana. Se analizaron 45 pacientes diabéticos y 58 familiares no diabéticos. Además de los factores de riesgo como la obesidad, el índice de masa corporal (IMC), la hipertrigliceridemia (HTG), la hipertensión arterial (HTA) y la hipercolesterolemia (HC), se ident...

Abstract Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is genetically defined as a complex disease caused by the interaction of environment and genes, which are located in different regions from the human genome. Calpain 10 (CAPN10) is a susceptibility gene for the disease, located in 2q37.3. The allelic and haplotypic association observed of SNP's 19, 43 and 63 in Amerindian and some European populations would confirm these results. In this research, it has been postulated that SNP's 19, 43 and 63 of CAPN10 gene were associated with T2DM in Peruvian population. It has been analyzed 45 diabetic patients and 58 non-diabetic relatives. Among other risk factor for obesity, such body mass index (BMI), hypertriglyceridemia (HTG), arterial hypertension (HTA), and hypercholesterolemia (HC), it has been identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) SNP's 19, 43 and 63 of CAPN10. The Hardy-Weinberg test and co...

It analyzes the ownership structure of Chilean firms and the effect that conglomerates or economic groups produce on this structure. The central hypothesis is that the ownership structure of firms owned or controlled by economic groups is not significantly different from the ownership structure of any other firm. The variables analyzed were ownership structure, optimal size of the firm, potential control, regulation, economic group and tradability of the good or productive sector. The most relevant finding is the evidence that the ownership structure of the firms belonging to economic groups is significantly different (more concentrated) from that of the rest of the firms in the sample, which would indicate that the firms belonging to groups do not maximize benefits individually, but as a whole.

Clasificar un tipo de clima es un reto en selva media y baja, donde las variaciones solo se dan por influencia del crecimiento de las ciudades o los procesos de deforestación y por ello las metodologías de selección de climas no son suficientes para delimitar microclimas[1]. Por lo que; el objetivo principal del trabajo de investigación fue implementar una propuesta a nivel de microclima en función al tipo de vegetación predominante en la cuenca del río Itaya, el cual está flanqueado por dos principales ríos; Amazonas y Nanay. Se trabajaron con 47 estaciones climatológicas, que fueron ubicados dentro y fuera de la zona de estudio. Se utilizaron termohigrómetros digitales para el monitoreo de los puntos de muestreo. La metodología utilizada fue basado en Thornthwaite (1949)[2], para ello se dispuso de los valores mensuales de evapotranspiración, precipitación y temperaturas ...

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the productive performance of commercial laying hens supplemented with four commercial sources of inorganic phosphates for four weeks. In total, 960 Hy-Line Brown hens of 56 weeks of age were distributed in 4 treatments with 6 repetitions each and 40 hens per repetition. The treatments were: T1, Diet with dicalcium phosphate (DCP)-Peru; T2, Diet with DCP-China; T3, Diet with mono-dicalcium phosphate (MDCP)-Peru; and T4, Diet with mono-calcium phosphate (MCP)-China. The diets were formulated to contain 0.36% available phosphorus and the other nutrients according to the nutritional specifications of the genetic line. The percentage of egg production, egg mass, feed consumption and feed conversion were recorded. Also, egg weight, eggshell percentage, yolk and albumen percentage, eggshell thickness, specific gravity, eggshell colour, yolk colour a...

The authors would like to thank CONCYTEC (Consejo Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación Tecnológica), FONDECYT (Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico) for supporting this project and also Ph.D. Jose Antonio Pow-Sang for his interest in the project.

The alpaca is of greatest economic importance in the Peruvian High Andes. This study aimed to determine the genetic diversity of three Peruvian alpaca farms, as well as, to validate a microsatellite markers panel for paternity testing. In this study, 247 samples of Huacaya alpacas were taken from three different localities (Sanjo, San Pedro de Raco and Cachipampa) from Pasco Region in Peru. DNA was obtained from hair follicles and genotyped for 15 microsatellites markers in multiplex electrophoresis runs.A total of 225 alleles were detected across the 15 loci investigated. The polymorphism information content considering all loci was 0.82, which indicated that the microsatellite panel was very polymorphic and highly informative. The estimated diversity parameter showed that farms have high levels of genetic diversity (HE = 0.826), and revealed the existence of genetic differentiation...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the digestibility of nutrients and digestible and metabolizable energy of precooked and processed (pelletized and extruded) of seed and meal of sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L) in guinea pigs. In each trial, 15 male guinea pigs, 3 months old and average weight of 700 g, were used. Pelletizing was carried out at 87 °C and extrusion at 105 °C. The digestibility and metabolic tests were determined using the substitution method and total excreta collection (faeces and urine). The apparent digestibility values (%) for dry matter, crude protein, crude fibre and ethereal extract for the pelleted seed were 54.4, 79.6, 27.0, 76.1 and for extruded seed were 48.7, 83.5, 16.2 and 81.7 respectively; while for pelletized cake were 82.5, 81.2, 98.7 and 65.9 and for extruded cake were 76.7, 83.2, 92.8 and 62.4. The digestible energy in the pelletized and extru...

El estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la digestibilidad de los nutrientes y energía digestible y metabolizable de la semilla y torta de sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L) precocida y procesada (peletizado y extruido) en cuyes. En cada ensayo se utilizaron 15 cuyes machos, de 3 meses edad y peso promedio de 700 g. El peletizado se realizó a 87 °C y la extrusión a 105 °C. La digestibilidad y metabolicidad fue determinada utilizando el método de sustitución y colección total de excretas (heces y orina). Los valores de digestibilidad aparente (%) para materia seca, proteína bruta, fibra cruda y extracto etéreo para la semilla peletizada fueron de 54.4, 79.6, 27.0, 76.1 y semilla extruida de 48.7, 83.5, 16.2 y 81.7 respectivamente; mientras que para torta peletizada fueron de 82.5, 81.2, 98.7, 65.9 y torta extruida 76.7, 83.2, 92.8 y 62.4. La energía digestible en la semilla pele...

Observatorio Andino (OA) was established in 2008 by The Centro de Modelado Científico (CMC) in collaboration with Climate information applied to agricultural risk management in the Andean countries (CIIFEN). The OA main goal is to provide a collaborative network that ultimately increases the efficiency of the decision-making processes, especially in terms of getting more accurate forecasts and exchanging experiences on data, information, and scientific products, all of which is done with a standardized methodology and a Web-sharing service. The Observatorio Andino follows a three level hierarchical model execution flux, with the same approach for both short-term and seasonal products. In order to facilitate the validation process, a spatial map for each time slice of interest involving the differences and/or the anomaly correlations between model output and observations, is generated. T...

Because increasing climatic variability and anthropic pressures have affected the sediment dynamics of large tropical rivers, long-term sediment concentration series have become crucial for understanding the related socioeconomic and environmental impacts. For operational and cost rationalization purposes, index concentrations are often sampled in the flow and used as a surrogate of the cross-sectional average concentration. However, in large rivers where suspended sands are responsible for vertical concentration gradients, this index method can induce large uncertainties in the matter fluxes. Assuming that physical laws describing the suspension of grains in turbulent flow are valid for large rivers, a simple formulation is derived to model the ratio (α) between the depth-averaged and index concentrations. The model is validated using an exceptional dataset (1330 water samples, 249 con...