This research was conducted at Combustion Engines Institute of the Mechanic Engineering Faculty in National Engineering University of Lima. The aim of this research is to evaluate the influence of Diesel blends biodiesel B10, B20 and B30 in the effective and environmental operating parameters of internal combustion Diesel engine 6.11 kW. The results obtained with the Diesel biodiesel blends and the B5 commercial fuel, after the measurements made in the engine, let us obtain and graph the characteristics of speed and load of the engine used in this research, showing a variation in the effective and opacity parameters so, the hypothesis given can be contrasted and the conclusions can be presented.

Este trabajo de investigación se realizó en el Instituto de Motores de Combustión Interna de la Facultad de Ingeniería Mecánica de la Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería en la ciudad de Lima, con la finalidad de evaluar la influencia de las mezclas Diésel biodiesel B10, B20 y B30 en el comportamiento de los parámetros efectivos y medioambientales de un motor de combustión interna Diésel de 6,11 kW. Los resultados obtenidos con las mezclas Diésel biodiesel y el combustible comercial B5, luego de las mediciones realizadas en el motor, permiten obtener y graficar las características de velocidad y las características de carga del motor utilizado en la investigación, mostrando la variación de los parámetros efectivos y de opacidad, de esta manera permite contrastar las hipótesis establecidas y presentar las respectivas conclusiones.

This research was conducted at Combustion Engines Institute of the Mechanic Engineering Faculty in National Engineering University of Lima. The aim of this research is to evaluate the influence of Diesel blends biodiesel B10, B20 and B30 in the effective and environmental operating parameters of internal combustion Diesel engine 6.11 kW. The results obtained with the Diesel biodiesel blends and the B5 commercial fuel, after the measurements made in the engine, let us obtain and graph the characteristics of speed and load of the engine used in this research, showing a variation in the effective and opacity parameters so, the hypothesis given can be contrasted and the conclusions can be presented.

The case study is a company that produces and sells plastic containers. Through a production time assessment, the low availability of injection machines was identified as the mam problem. The availability rate for these machines was set at 80.19%, which represented a relevant issue since the worldwide standard is 90%. These low availability rates are mainly due to machine breakdowns, representing 9.87% in lost revenue for the company. To improve machine availability, this study proposed an improvement model combining Lean Manufacturing tools with Kaizen, which refers to continuous process improvement. The model is also integrated with Ergonomics concepts aimed at improving working conditions for operators. Hence, if improvements are achieved regarding human capital, machine availability will also improve. Within this context, the proposed model was piloted at the company, increasing mach...

Observatorio Andino (OA) was established in 2008 by The Centro de Modelado Científico (CMC) in collaboration with Climate information applied to agricultural risk management in the Andean countries (CIIFEN). The OA main goal is to provide a collaborative network that ultimately increases the efficiency of the decision-making processes, especially in terms of getting more accurate forecasts and exchanging experiences on data, information, and scientific products, all of which is done with a standardized methodology and a Web-sharing service. The Observatorio Andino follows a three level hierarchical model execution flux, with the same approach for both short-term and seasonal products. In order to facilitate the validation process, a spatial map for each time slice of interest involving the differences and/or the anomaly correlations between model output and observations, is generated. T...

This study detects climate trends and variability from precipitation and temperature observations in Ecuador and assesses their links to the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) for the period 1966–2011, using the El Niño 1+2 and El Niño 3.4 indices. Excluding the Amazonian region (for which there is a lack of data), two main regions were distinguishable in terms of variability and trends among climate variables, especially for precipitation. In general, there was no trend in precipitation for the coastal region, and a very close relationship between the magnitude and seasonal distribution of precipitation and the El Niño 1+2 variability was found. In contrast, for the mountainous region (the Andes), there was an increase of precipitation during the study period, and a signal of El Niño 3.4 influence was detected. Temperatures were spatially homogeneous and showed an intense warmin...