This experiment was carried out at the province of Arequipa, to determine broccoli residual effects on the sclerotia population of Sclerotium cepivorum on the soil and determine the best fungicides and biocontrol agents on the biggest red onion production. In two field areas infected with Sclerotium cepivorum, soil samples were carried out to determine the number of sclerotia at the beginning and the end of the trial. One area received broccoli residues before treatment installation. The experiment had a laboratory and a field phase. The block design was used completely randomized (DBCA), using seven fungicide treatments (T1) control, Iprodione (T2), Thiabendazole (T3), Boscalid (T4), Carbendazim (T5), T harzianum (T6), Bacillus subtilis (T7). Both areas received the same treatments. The density of sclerotia in the soil was not significant between these areas. However, the addition of br...

This article shows the competitive strategies stated by Michel Porter to keep and/or widen an enterprise within an industrial sector in a free-competence market. Such an analysis focuses on peruvian reality.

This article shows the competitive strategies stated by Michel Porter to keep and/or widen an enterprise within an industrial sector in a free-competence market. Such an analysis focuses on peruvian reality.

This article presents the results of an experimental campaign using the flat jack technique in an adobe church called “Virgen de la Asuncion” located in Sacsamarca, Peru. The main mechanical properties of this construction were determined using the single and the double flat jack tests. The flat jack test is considered as minor destructive test (MDT), which is appropriate for historical buildings due to the temporary and easily repairable damage generated. Single and double flat jack tests were carried out on the north and east facades of the church. The single flat jack test allowed the estimation of the local compressive stress levels through the continuous monitoring of the state of strain. The double flat jack test allowed determining the local stress-strain behavior in each facade of the church. The mechanical properties obtained in this research are similar to values obtained b...

de Siguas, Arequipa Province, Peru. The concentrations used were 2, 4, and 6 kg ha−1 with 4 applications by means of impregnation to the transplant and via drench every 15 days. The statistical design was through a DBCA with factorial arrangement randomly distributed in four blocks. The tests used were the orthogonal contrast test and Duncan’s multiple comparison test (α = 0.05). The findings showed that the treatment concentrations of 4 kg ha−1 and 6 kg ha−1 resulted in a lower incidence of Fusarium oxysporum, at 6.71% and 9.36%, an ABCPE of 637.78 and 950.14 units, and an exportable yield of 66.34 t ha−1 and 65.42 t ha−1, respectively, displaying significant differences from the control. The first application was statistically significant to the treatments with the highest number of applications, showing a greater exportable yield of 67.54 t ha−1. The best interactions b...

RESUMEN Los graves casos de alta corrupción pública que se han evidenciado y perseguido penalmente en nuestro país en los últimos años reflejan que este fenómeno continúa enraizado en lo más profundo de la función público-estatal, con la complicidad, el fomento y la aquiescencia de ciertos agentes del sector privado y empresarial. En efecto, la trama de corrupción del caso «Lava Jato» y la operatividad delictiva de la empresa brasileña Odebrecht en el Perú ha demostrado que aquellos esfuerzos que desde la sociedad civil y el Es tado se desplegaron para enfrentar la corrupción sistémica de la década de 1990 no fueron suficientes para crear, en estos casos, una nueva clase política y empresarial que pusiera los intereses generales por encima del beneficio económico particular. Lo mismo se puede sostener respecto al escándalo de corrupción del caso «Los Cuellos Blanco...

El objetivo del presente trabajo fue validar una metodología para identificar carbón vegetal de Algarrobo (Prosopis sp) a nivel macroscópico. La metodología consiste en realizar observaciones de las características macroscópicas a nivel de madera y carbón vegetal usando una lupa de 10X; se tomaron macrofotografías de otras tres especies usadas en la fabricación de carbón como son Aguano masha (Machaerium inundatum), Eucalipto (Eucaliptus globulus) y Olivo (Olea europea). Del análisis se concluye que el tipo y distribución de poros, así como el tipo de parénquima en el género Prosopis y las otras especies analizadas, son características que perduran después del proceso de carbonización y por tanto, es información de importancia para identificar carbones vegetales producidos a nivel comercial de maderas; por lo que se valida la metodología empleada en el presente...

Chenopodium quinoa es un fitorecurso andino con gran variedad genética y que posee alto valor agronómico-nutritivo, aunque el contenido de saponina otorga un sabor amargo que limita su comercialización; sin embargo, la saponina puede ser aprovechada en otros usos. El presente trabajo evalúa el aprovechamiento del agua de lavado de quinua como fuente de saponina y su empleo como insecticida. La cuantificación de saponina se realizó empleando el método afrosimétrico. La saponina extraída no hidrolizada se identificó mediante cromatografía de capa fina. Para evaluar la natalidad de individuos de D. melanogaster, se les expuso a distintas concentraciones de saponina: 0,1%, 0,4%, 0,7% y 0,9%; así como controles positivo (bórax) y negativo. La electroforesis de proteínas a partir de glándulas salivales e intestino de larvas en tercer estadío de D. melanogaster evidencia notoria...

Chenopodium quinoa es un fitorecurso andino con gran variedad genética y que posee alto valor agronómico-nutritivo, aunque el contenido de saponina otorga un sabor amargo que limita su comercialización; sin embargo, la saponina puede ser aprovechada en otros usos. El presente trabajo evalúa el aprovechamiento del agua de lavado de quinua como fuente de saponina y su empleo como insecticida. La cuantificación de saponina se realizó empleando el método afrosimétrico. La saponina extraída no hidrolizada se identificó mediante cromatografía de capa fina. Para evaluar la natalidad de individuos de D. melanogaster, se les expuso a distintas concentraciones de saponina: 0,1%, 0,4%, 0,7% y 0,9%; así como controles positivo (bórax) y negativo. La electroforesis de proteínas a partir de glándulas salivales e intestino de larvas en tercer estadío de D. melanogaster evidencia notoria...

The extensive use and misuse of antibiotics in the livestock sector is one of the main drivers of the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance. Although small-scale farms constitute most of the livestock production in low and middle-income countries, knowledge and use of antibiotics among these populations is sparse. We conducted 201 questionnaires to estimate the use and knowledge of antibiotics by small-scale farmers located in the coastal area of the Lima region of Peru. Our results show that farmers had a small number of livestock (e.g. average of 11 cows, 7 pigs and 19 chickens per farm) and 80 % earned less than minimum wage. More than half of farmers reported at least one episode of respiratory disease, diarrhea, mastitis, skin lesion or post-parturition infection in their animals during the previous year, and 40 % of these episodes were treated with antibiotics. Farmers r...

Presentación que se llevó a cabo durante el III Congreso Internacional de Computación y Telecomunicaciones COMTEL 2011 del 19 al 21 de octubre de 2011 en Lima, Perú. COMTEL, es un certamen organizado por la Facultad de Ingeniería de Sistemas, Cómputo y Telecomunicaciones de la Universidad Inca Garcilaso de la Vega, que congrega a profesionales, investigadores y estudiantes de diversos países con el fin de difundir e intercambiar conocimientos, mostrar experiencias académicas-científicas y soluciones para empresas en las áreas de Computación, Telecomunicaciones y disciplinas afines.

The aim of this study was to quantify dog bite accidents and the level of knowledge about urban rabies among residents in Madre de Dios and Puno, Peru. The target population was the student’s homes from public schools, to whom a survey was delivered through their school control book. Information about demography, dog bite accidents reports and knowledge about the rabies was collected. The data was summarized in frequency tables and the association between a dog bite and all the classification variables was determined by chi-square. In total, 2005 valid surveys were collected from Madre de Dios and 883 from Puno. Results showed that 69.5% of the surveyed homes had dogs in Madre de Dios and 57.0% in Puno (p<0.001); 31.8% from the surveyed homes reported that at least one family member suffered a dog bite accident in Madre de Dios and 24.1% in Puno. The dog bite accident was associated...

Pyoderma is one of the most diagnosed skin diseases in canines. Among the agents most involved were Staphylococcus intermedius; however, in 2005 it was reclassified into three phenotypically similar species: S. intermedius, S. pseudintermedius and S. delphini, which cannot be identified by conventional biochemistry. Various studies report S. pseudintermedius as the most frequently isolated bacterial agent in pyoderma. Therefore, this study evaluated the presence of S. pseudintermedius using PCR-RFLP in 141 Staphylococcus sp isolates in the Laboratory of Bacteriology of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú from cases of canine pyoderma in the period 2016-2018, finding that 87.9% of Staphylococcus sp isolates have been identified as S. pseudintermedius and 12.1% as Staphylococcus sp.

The aim of this study was to quantify dog bite accidents and the level of knowledge about urban rabies among residents in Madre de Dios and Puno, Peru. The target population was the student’s homes from public schools, to whom a survey was delivered through their school control book. Information about demography, dog bite accidents reports and knowledge about the rabies was collected. The data was summarized in frequency tables and the association between a dog bite and all the classification variables was determined by chi-square. In total, 2005 valid surveys were collected from Madre de Dios and 883 from Puno. Results showed that 69.5% of the surveyed homes had dogs in Madre de Dios and 57.0% in Puno (p<0.001); 31.8% from the surveyed homes reported that at least one family member suffered a dog bite accident in Madre de Dios and 24.1% in Puno. The dog bite accident was associated...

Pyoderma is one of the most diagnosed skin diseases in canines. Among the agents most involved were Staphylococcus intermedius; however, in 2005 it was reclassified into three phenotypically similar species: S. intermedius, S. pseudintermedius and S. delphini, which cannot be identified by conventional biochemistry. Various studies report S. pseudintermedius as the most frequently isolated bacterial agent in pyoderma. Therefore, this study evaluated the presence of S. pseudintermedius using PCR-RFLP in 141 Staphylococcus sp isolates in the Laboratory of Bacteriology of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú from cases of canine pyoderma in the period 2016-2018, finding that 87.9% of Staphylococcus sp isolates have been identified as S. pseudintermedius and 12.1% as Staphylococcus sp.

[ESP] Las variedades litológicas predominantes de los dos batolitos son tonalita y granodiorita, provenientes de magmas félsicos. La relación SiO2 vs. Sm/Yb permite determinar que ambos son de la misma edad. Las rocas son de naturaleza subalcalina de las series calcoalcalinas de medio y alto potasio, con un carácter metaluminoso. Los diagramas de discriminación tectonomagmática indican que son granitos de arco volcánico. Los elementos traza y tierras raras también muestran características típicas de rocas asociadas a subducción. La profundidad de la fuente magmática es menor de 20 km y la ausencia de granate indica que no hay contaminación mantélica. Ambos provienen de magmas húmedos, el batolito Las Lomas es del tipo “I” y de la serie de la magnetita, asociado a elementos calcófilos y a la mineralización de Cu-Mo, el batolito Noque del tipo “S” y de la serie de ...

The aim was to improve the pregnancy rate in recipient alpacas following embryo transfer. Two experiments were carried out, Experiment 1 in the southern highlands (4,100 m elevation) and Experiment 2 (E2) in the central highlands (3,200 m elevation) of the Peruvian Andes. In both experiments, a group of alpaca donors was subjected to superovulation and embryo flushing as per procedures already described (Vivanco 2013 29th Annu. Mtg. European Embryo Transfer Association, 43–74). The synchronization of the recipient alpacas and ovulation induction in both experiments was made by ultrasonography selection of the alpacas with follicles greater than 8 mm and their exposure to vasectomized males followed by an injection of GnRH (0.0042 mg of acetate of buserelin, Buserelina Zoovet®, Laboratorio Zoovet, Santa Fe, Argentina). The embryo transfers in both locations were made by laparoscopicall...

The study monitored the productive performance of the paiche (Arapaima gigas) for 30 months under temperate climate conditions on the Central Coast of Peru. After 40 days of acclimatization and with 80% survival, the fish (n: 32, weight: 44 ± 34 g, length: 17.6 ± 4.9 cm) were transferred to a greenhouse pool (8 fish/m3) and fed at 5 % of their body weight with a diet of 60% balanced trout food and 40% deboned and gutted fresh fish. After 15 months under a greenhouse and with 62% survival, the fish (n: 20, weight: 4.3 ± 1.0 kg, length: 77.3 cm) were transferred to an open-air excavated earth pond (6.9 fish/m3) and fed fresh fish at 5% of body weight. The water temperature fluctuated between 23.2 and 26.0 °C in the greenhouse, and between 23.0 and 24.6 °C in the environmental pond, being up to 18% lower in temperature with respect to the minimum water temperature in its natural habi...

Este trabajo de investigación fue desarrollado durante noviembre y diciembre de 2004 y entre enero y marzo de 2005, en las comunidades de Muñani (Región natural Suni) y Suatía (Región natural Puna) de la provincia de Lampa, Región Puno. El objetivo fue determinar las especies vegetales y el uso alimenticio, medicinal y biocida en ambas comunidades. Para determinar la riqueza se aplicaron cuadrantes de 1 m2 al azar y para determinar su uso, se realizó entrevistas a los pobladores de mayor de edad. Comparando la riqueza vegetal en ambas comunidades, el índice de diversidad de Shannon – Weaner expresó 2.2963 para la comunidad de Suatía y 2.4964 para Muñani. Aplicando la prueba de significancia, se encontró diferencia significativa entre ambas comunidades (P < 0.05). Se recopiló información sobre el uso de la flora etnobotánica, encontrándose 15 especies aliment...

The aim of this study was to molecularly and serologically identify Salmonella spp present in isolates from avian eggs, carcasses, and viscera. In total, 46 isolates of avian origin identified as Salmonella spp were evaluated through cultures and biochemical tests in the period 2012-2017 from various districts of Lima. These isolates are kept in the Bacteriology Laboratory stock of the Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. The strains were reactivated, and suspicious Salmonella spp colonies were reconfirmed by culturing on selective media. Subsequently, the PCR was performed on the suspicious samples as a method of genetic diagnosis of Salmonella. The invasiveness gene invA, a gene involved with the virulence of Salmonella, was detected. Serotyping was performed with polyvalent and monovalent antisera for serogroup and serovar in the Enteropathogens Laboratory of the National Institu...