Los pesticidas organofosforados como clorpirifos (Dorsán y Tifón) y profenofos (Selecrón) son usados con frecuencia en actividades agrícolas de la región Arequipa, su uso se ve en aumento debido a la presencia de múltiples plagas que amenazan a la producción de alimentos de origen vegetal. Producto de esta actividad los suelos se ven contaminados ya que estos pesticidas presentan una alta residualidad. El presente proyecto tuvo como finalidad evaluar la actividad de Eisenia foetida en la degradación de clorpirifos y profenofos a escala de laboratorio en suelos artificiales. Para la cuantificación de clorpirifos y profenofos se validó un método por Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Resolución (HPLC-DAD) usando estándares primarios con pureza mayor al 99.5 % Sigma Aldrich. El método resultó ser lineal con coeficientes de correlación r2 de 0.9994 y 0.9996 para profenofos y clo...

ÁCIDOS GRASOS ACIDO OLEICO ACIDO LINOLEICO ACIDO A - LINOLENICO ACEITES Y GRASAS COMESTIBLES ACEITE VEGETAL SACHA INCHI LINAZA SOJA ZAPALLO CROMATOGRAFÍA LIQUIDA DE ALTA RESOLUCIÓN FORMAS DE CROMATOGRAFÍA LIQUIDA BASES DE LA SEPARACIÓN CROMATOGRAFÍA PARTES MÉTODO ANALÍTICO VALIDACIÓN DE UN MÉTODO ANALÍTICO PARÁMETROS ANALÍTICOS ESPECIFICIDAD O SELECTIVIDAD LINEALIDAD E INTERVALO PRECISIÓN EXACTITUD SENSIBILIDAD

PESTICIDAS ORGANOFOSFORADOS CROMATOGRAFÍA LÍQUIDA DE ALTA RESOLUCIÓN (HPLC) PRINCIPIOS DE LA SEPARACIÓN CROMATOGRÁFICA RESERVORIO DE LA FASE MÓVIL BOMBA LOMBRIZ DE TIERRA LOMBRIZ ROJA CALIFORNIANA (EISENIA FOETIDA) ANÁLISIS DE ANTECEDENTES INVESTIGATIVOS RESULTADOS

Lactobionic acid (LBA) is a polyhydroxy acid with attractive properties in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, food, medical, and chemical industries, making it a versatile product with multiple applications, which supports the various studies aimed at its production by increasingly more simple, efficient, and environmentally friendly processes. For this reason, the purpose of this research was to synthesize gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) by a synthesis process using Myrciaria dubia (Camu camu) fruit extract. Subsequently, AuNPs were used to produce LBA from lactose. The results demonstrate that the Myrciaria dubia extract manages to synthesize AuNPs that were characterized by UV/vis spectrophotometry, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and Zetasizer. LBA was quantified by FTIR-ATR spectroscopy and ion chromatography. The results showed that AuNPs succeeded in producing LBA from lactose s...

20th LACCEI International Multi-Conference forEngineering, Education, and Technology: “Education, Research and Leadership in Post-pandemic Engineering: Resilient, Inclusive and Sustainable Actions”

El uso de bifenilos policlorados (BPC) representa una amenaza al medio ambiente y a la salud de los seres vivos incluyendo al ser humano, por lo cual, la presente investigación tuvo como objetivo biodegradar aeróbicamente una mezcla de BPC mediante el empleo de Pseudomona aeruginosa. Para ello se desarrolló un ensayo de biodegradación, así como un método analítico por Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Performance (HPLC) para cuantificar Aroclor 1221, 1242 y 1254 resultando ser lineal (R2>0.995), preciso (CV<2.7 %), exacto con porcentajes de recuperación mayores de 80 % con límites de detección de 0.006, 0.02 y 0.18 mg/L y límites de cuantificación de 0.35, 0.67 y 0.65 mg/L para Aroclor 1221, 1242 y 1254, logrando porcentajes de biodegradación de 97.62% y 97.40% para Aroclor 1221 y 1242 respectivamente, siendo estos valores mayores que los reportados en estudios anteriores, y 2...

Adsorption processes with biomaterials are an environmentally friendly technology that allows the removal of pollutants; on the other hand, it is known that different factors can alter the removal of pollutants. For this reason, the kinetics of removal of Disperse Blue 124 (DB-124) dye from water using Fuerte variety avocado seed waste as adsorbent was evaluated in the present research. The studies were carried out in batch adsorption systems. For this purpose, the effect of pH, adsorbent dosage, initial dye concentration and temperature on the removal kinetics were jointly evaluated. It was found that the best conditions of the adsorption process were at an initial DB-124 concentration of 200 mg/L, a dosage of 2 g/L, pH=2 and a temperature of 40 °C, achieving the removal of 87.64 % of the dye. The kinetic study was fit in all cases to a pseudo-second order model, which indicates that t...

The present research consisted in determining α-linolenic acid (ALA, ω-3) and linoleic acid (LA, ω-6) in vegetable oils with ultrasound-assisted extraction. The analytical method was validated by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for the quantification of both polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). The determination was made at a wavelength of 205 nm, mobile phase composed of acetonitrile: methanol: acetic acid 1% (85:5:10), with a flow of 1 mL min-1 and during 5 min. The calibration graph data (50 to 300 mg L-1) adjusted to the linear regression model with a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.99914 and 0.99986 for ALA and LA, respectively. The repeatability, reproducibility, accuracy and percentage of recovery complied with international guidelines for analytical methods. The proposed method is simple, fast, linear, precise and accurate for the quantitative determination...

Los pesticidas organofosforados son utilizados en las actividades agrícolas debido a que resultan ser efectivas en el control de diversas plagas, sin embargo su residualidad en suelos hace necesario fomentar el desarrollo de métodos rápidos para su identificación y cuantificación, por lo cual, en la presente investigación se desarrolló un método asistido por ultrasonido para la extracción de clorpirifós y profenofos de suelos y su posterior cuantificación por Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Resolución (HPLC). El método resultó ser lineal con coeficientes de determinación R2 mayores de 0.999, preciso con coeficientes de variación menores del 2.7 % y exacto con porcentajes de recuperación cercanos al 100 %. Los límites de detección y cuantificación fueron de 0.0484 y 0.0795 mg/kg respectivamente para clorpirifós y. 0.0477 y 0.1450 mg/kg respectivamente para profenofos....

Berberis vulgaris is popularly known as Agracejo in Peru. This species has been shown to have important biological properties such as hypolipidemic, antidiabetic, cholagogue, and hepatoprotective effects. Its effects would be related to the varied phytochemical composition obtained after extraction with different solvents or extraction techniques. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the best extraction conditions to obtain the most significant effects according to each extraction technique used. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of ultrasound application on the concentration of total phenols and antioxidant capacity of ethanolic, hydroalcoholic, and aqueous extracts of Berberis vulgaris leaves, extracts were obtained by ultrasound application for 0, 5, 10, 20 and 30 minutes at 40 kHz in an ultrasonic bath. The results indicate that the application of ultrasoun...

Spirulina is a seaweed consumed worldwide and studies related to its biological properties have increased in recent years. However, comparative studies on the antioxidant activity of spirulina are currently scarce. For this reason, this study compared the antioxidant activity of aqueous, hydroalcoholic, and ethanolic extracts of four brands of spirulina (B1, B2, B3, and B4), which are frequently consumed in the city of Arequipa, Peru. For this purpose, fluid extracts of spirulina were prepared using ultrasound. All four brands of spirulina studied were found to exhibit significant antioxidant activity. The aqueous extracts obtained antioxidant activity values of 51.70 ± 0.52, 48.24 ± 0.52, 36.82 ± 0.46, and 13.52 ± 0.61 μmol TE/mL for brands B1, B2, B3 and B4, respectively. In the hydroalcoholic extracts, the antioxidant capacity was 6.66 ± 0.53, 6.48 ± 0.95, 3.25 ± 0.17, and 2.8...

Conferencia de la 20th LACCEI International Multi-Conference for Engineering, Education, and Technology: “Education, Research and Leadership in Post-pandemic Engineering: Resilient, Inclusive and Sustainable Actions”. hybrid event, Boca Raton, Florida- USA, junio 18 - 22.

The cation exchange capacity (CEC) of soil is an important parameter since it is an indicator of the fertility and physicochemical quality of the soil. There are several methods to find and estimate the CEC of soils. This work aims to compare the direct ammonium distillation method and the exchangeable base summation method based on the analysis of 65 samples taken from 0 to 0.20 m depth of soils in the northern and western areas of Honduras. Initially, the analyses of pH, % organic matter, % clay, and exchangeable bases (Ca, Mg, K, and Na) extracted with ammonium acetate at pH 7.00 were carried out. In addition, they were determined by atomic absorption, exchangeable acidity (H and Al), extracted with 1N KCl determined by titration. Subsequently, the CEC was determined by direct method of soil washing and ammonium distillation. The data was subjected to Pearson correlation analysis and ...

The present research study was carried out at the Mario Eyzaguirre municipal slaughterhouse in the city of Tacna, Peru where the design, construction, and evaluation of a water treatment system comprising catchment units, a desander, a settling tank, a grease trap, and an Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) was proposed. The initial and final values of BOD5, COD, ammoniacal nitrogen, oils and fats, pH, total dissolved solids, and total dissolved solids were used as indicators of treatment efficiency. The results show a percentage of removal at a temperature of 20°C of 36 % of COD and 35 % of BOD, and the results for temperature values at 35°C showed improvements in the removal of organic pollutants with an average value of 54 % for BOD5 and 45 % for COD. To improve the study proposal, units such as coagulation, flocculation, filtration, and disinfection were complemented and install...

Conferencia de la 20th LACCEI International Multi-Conference for Engineering, Education, and Technology: “Education, Research and Leadership in Post-pandemic Engineering: Resilient, Inclusive and Sustainable Actions”. hybrid event, Boca Raton, Florida- USA, junio 18 - 22.

En la presente investigación se optimizó la biosorción de Cd (II) y Pb (II) en endocarpio de Olea europea, para ello se evaluaron factores como tamaño de partícula, pH, pretratamiento ácido o básico y concentración inicial de ambos metales. Se utilizó un sistema de agitación tipo Batch donde se determinó que el tiempo al cual la remoción de ambos metales alcanza el equilibro fue de 40 minutos. El diseño factorial dio como resultado que el tamaño de partícula adecuado para el proceso de biosorción es de 75-150 μm y un pretratamiento básico con NaOH, siendo este último el factor de mayor importancia en la remoción de ambos metales. La optimización por el Método de Superficie Respuesta (MSR) dio como resultado que el pH=6,1 y concentración inicial de 88.3 mg/L son las condiciones óptimas para lograr remociones máximas de 28.1 y 58.5 mg/L para Cd (II) y Pb (II) respe...

Industrial activities are the most common cause of water contamination by heavy metals, which endanger the quality of water resources and human health, due to their bioaccumulation capacity and consequent biomagnification. For this reason, the removal of metals from e uents before their discharge into the receiving water bodies is of crucial importance. This is why, in the present investigation, the biosorption processes of Cd (II) and Pb (II) in Phaseolus vulgaris L. (bean) agricultural residues (stems, leaves and leaf sheaths) were optimized. The influence of pH, biosorbent doses and initial concentration levels of metallic ions was evaluated using the response surface methodology (RSM). Quadratic models were developed for the percent removal of Cd (II) and Pb (II). Optimal biosorption conditions were attained at pH = 4.3, a 7.4 g/L biosorbent dose and an initial 9.14 mg/L concentratio...