La moniliasis (Moniliophthora roreri) es una de las enfermedades más importantes del cacao nativo fino de aroma, en la provincia de Bagua, región Amazonas. Especies del género Trichoderma se presentan como una alternativa limpia de control biológico. Las variables evaluadas bajo condiciones de campo fueron: porcentaje de incidencia, grado de severidad, porcentaje de eficacia en el control biológico de cuatro cepas de Trichoderma spp. sobre la moniliasis y rendimiento en kg/ha del cultivo; para lo cual se utilizó un Diseño en Bloques Completos al Azar (DBCA) con arreglo factorial: 2A (1.1x109 conidios/ml y 1.4x109 conidios/ml) x 4B (cepas nativas de Trichoderma spp.), se instalaron 8 tratamientos de la combinación de los factores más 1 tratamiento testigo absoluto con tres repeticiones cada uno. El porcentaje de incidencia de la enfermedad fue estadísticamente menor en los trata...

Coffee (Coffea arabica) is the main commodity in Peru and is the economic support for thousands of small farmers. However, coffee production is affected by the coffee berry borer (Hypothenemus hampei). Currently, H. hampei is the most important pest in whole coffee-growing regions in Peru. This study aimed to evaluate in vitro biological activity of Beauveria bassiana, Beauveria peruviensis, and Metarhizium sp. against Hypothenemus hampei in two trials at different times. Conidia production, Conidia viability, and pathogenicity against H. hampei were evaluated at three concentrations (1 × 105, 1 × 107, and 1 × 109 conidia/mL−1). In addition, lethal times (LT50 and LT90) and lethal concentrations (LC50 and LC90) were calculated. There were significant differences in conidia production ( < 0.001) and conidia viability ( < 0.041). The highest conidia production and ...

As part of our study of saproxylic fauna in cocoa (Theobroma cacao Linnaeus, 1753) sites in northern Peru, we present a new record of Xylopsocus capucinus (Fabricius, 1781) in the country. The species X. capucinus is considered an invasive beetle in the Bostrichidae family to Central America. Our report includes biological and ecological data from this site, as well as detailed taxonomic information and images to facilitate identification.

In Peru, cocoa production has increased significantly, thereby establishing a prominent position for this crop in the country's agricultural landscape. The effect of different pregerminative methods on seed germination of cocoa ecotypes and their influence on seedling development in nursery were evaluated. Three cocoa ecotypes were used INDES 24, INDES 31, and INDES 67, and five pregerminative methods were applied to the seeds with mucilage, mucilage removal, tegument removal, water immersion, and immersion in Trichoderma harzianum solution. Parameters such as germination percentage GP, mean germination time GT50, mean germination rate GR50, and plant growth characteristics in terms of cotyledon height, plant height, number of leaves per plant, and stem diameter were evaluated. The results revealed that the treatments INDES 24 removal tegument, INDES 67 removal tegument, INDES 67 water i...

Plantain (Musa (AAB), cv. 'Bellaco') and papaya (Carica papaya) are key crops for the economy and food security in northwestern Peru; however, the lack of spatially explicit information on their current and future suitability limits agricultural planning and climate change adaptation. This study modeled the current and future potential distribution (2050 and 2070) of both crops in the provinces of Jaén and San Ignacio under the SSP1– 2.6, SSP2– 4.5, and SSP5– 8.5 scenarios, using 262 occurrence records for plantain and 125 for papaya, together with bioclimatic, edaphic, and topographic predictors standardized to a spatial resolution of 1 km. MaxEnt models calibrated with 25-fold cross-validation showed excellent performance (current AUC = 0.922–0.928; projected AUC = 0.957–0.965). The main predictors were elevation (58.97%), precipitation of the coldest quarter (Bio19, 13.39%)...

Soil is a vital nonrenewable resource characterized by rapid degradation and slow regeneration processes. In this study, soil degradation in Jaén and San Ignacio was assessed via a multicriteria evaluation approach combined with remote sensing (RS) data. Nine factors were analyzed classified three categories: environmental, topographic, and edaphological factors. The results revealed that the slope (59.07%) was the main influencing factor, followed by land use and land cover (LULC) (56.36%). The degradation map revealed that 83.48% of the area exhibited moderate degradation, 14.49% low degradation, and 1.56% high degradation. The districts of Pomahuaca and San José de Lourdes demonstrated the largest areas of moderate degradation, accounting for 13.71% and 22.54%, respectively. Bellavista and Huarango exhibited the largest areas of very high degradation, accounting for 0.27% and 0.08%,...

The increasing use of plastics globally has generated serious environmental and human health problems, particularly in the agricultural sector where low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and other plastics are widely used. Due to its low recycling rate and slow degradation process, LDPE is a major source of pollution. This paper addresses the problem of plastic accumulation in agriculture, focusing on LDPE biodegradation strategies. The studies reviewed include recent data and the methodologies used include state-of-the-art technologies and others that have been used for decades, to monitor and measure the degree of biodegradation that each treatment applied can have, including SEM, GCMS, HPLC, and microscopy. The countries investigating these biodegradation methodologies are identified, and while some countries have been developing them for some years, others have only begun to address this p...

La falta de información sobre la distribución geográfica de los sistemas de cacao, junto con la diversidad de especies y la influencia de los factores climáticos en los rendimientos, representa desafíos para la gestión agronómica de estas plantaciones y la implementación de políticas agrícolas más efectivas. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo mapear el área de cacao, la diversidad de especies y su respuesta a la variabilidad climática histórica en las provincias de Jaén y San Ignacio, Cajamarca, Perú. Se procesaron datos de PlanetScope y Sentinel-1 en Google Earth Engine utilizando el algoritmo de clasificación Random Forest. Se identificaron 4,338.6 ha de sistemas de monocultivo y agroforestería de cacao, logrando una precisión temática del 85% y un índice kappa de 0.81. Se determinó que Musa sp. predomina en altitudes bajas, mientras que Inga edulis mostró mayor dom...

Monitoring agroforestry systems remains challenging due to canopy heterogeneity and the coexistence of species with contrasting dynamics. While field-based methods offer high accuracy, they are inefficient for rapid and multitemporal structural assessments. This study integrated LiDAR and multispectral data collected using a Matrice 350 RTK equipped with a Zenmuse L2 sensor and a RedEdge-P camera. Raw LiDAR data were processed in DJI Terra v4.1 and subsequently pre-processed and corrected in TerraSolid v23.011, whereas multispectral products were generated in Agisoft Metashape Professional v2.2.1. The derived metrics indicated greater growth in System A, driven by fast-growing species, whereas System B showed an overall reduction with slight increases in the upper percentiles. In addition, MSAVI and MTVI2 were sensitive to canopy structure, while GNDVI and NDRE responded to foliage conte...

Agricultural extension, understood as producer-oriented guidance, is vital for driving technology adoption and sector development. This systematic review (2015–2025) examines global and national trends in agricultural research and extension, witha particular focus on Peru's policy landscape. Internationally, the U.S.A., China, and Europe are identified as leaders in scientific innovation, while Brazil excels regionally through its integrated approach to research, innovation, and extension. Agricultural research is still centralized in Lima on a national level, but expanding capability in areas like Amazonas, Junín, and Puno emphasizes how urgently decentralization is needed. By comparing national research output with MIDAGRI’s Agrarian Development Plan 2021–2030 and relevant Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), the study reveals strong thematic alignment in innovation, food secur...