Los microorganismos se constituyen como los seres vivos más importantes en la naturaleza. Por su gran espectro metabólico, llevan a cabo diversas actividades que permiten la continuidad de la vida, los ciclos biogeoquímicos, el reciclaje de sustancias, la remediación de lugares contaminados, entre otros. Asimismo, los capacita para colonizar cualquier ambiente por inhóspito que parezca, de tal forma que su presencia asegura que la energía entra al ecosistema estableciendo un ciclo continuo y constante. La Microbiología cada vez está adquiriendo más importancia debido a la participación de los diferentes grupos de microorganismos en la problemática ambiental, no solo como contaminantes del ambiente e indicadores de contaminación. También, su relevancia se evidencia por su gran influencia en la solución de diversos problemas de contaminación. La razón es que juegan un papel...

Actualmente los videojuegos son utilizados por los niños de manera muy frecuente, pero más en sentido de entretenimiento, ya que vivimos en una generación moderna de las tecnologías y siendo este un medio de atracción por los niños en esta investigación se utiliza esta tecnología informática e interactiva como herramienta para reforzar el aprendizaje de hechos históricos. De esa manera cambiar el método tradicional de enseñanza como es aprender historia de forma memorística de información. Por tal razón, el presente estudio tiene como objetivo demostrar que el saber de tramas basadas en el Combate Naval de Iquique se refuerza con un videojuego entretenido e interactivo y para dicho propósito se realizó un estudio a los 20 niños de 9-11 años de edad en las Cabinas de internet “Wander” del Centro Poblado Villa María Sullana Piura 2018, donde el tipo de investigació...

Vinasse is a residue of alcohol distilleries, rich in mineral salts and organic matter, whose use is limited and finally it is poured to the sewage system, causing pollution, nevertheless, can constitute a substrate for the production of biomass yeasts, used in the animal feed. In the present investigation was determined the effect of the concentration of the inoculum and the molasses as supplement of the vinasse, for the production of biomass of native Candida utilis. Yeasts were isolated of leaves of Zea mays L. "maize" in Sabouraud glucosade agar, were identified 40.23 % as C. utilis. Next, were cultivated in vinasse with 30 g/L of molasses, to 28 ºC, during 24 hours, the biomass was weighed and was selected C. utilis MKJ12, because it had the highest biomass value of 7.667 g/L. This yeast in concentration of 25, 50 and 75 mL/L of inoculum was cultivated in bioreactors Batch tank typ...

The microbial exopolysaccharide with emulsifying properties are an alternative to polymers and chemicals from algae and plants. Its production in molasses as carbon source lowers costs and generates added value to this byproduct of the sugar industry, so the aim of this study was to determine the performance and productivity of EPS emulsifiers by native halophilic bacteria in 20, 30 and 40 gL-1 of molasses. In MY synthetic medium with 5 % w/v of salts, 138 isolates of bacteria obtained from soil samples of salt water and in the districts of San Jose and Santa Rosa, in Lambayeque. In 10.8 % of these gummy colony forming bacteria and grown on glucose as carbon source EPS recovered whose maximum values of the mixtures in water emulsion - oil phase were 63.3 and 56.6 % after 1 and 24 hours, respectively. The M5 bacteria identified as Halomonas C1 10-1 sp. M5 EPS synthesized emulsifiers molas...

El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la prevalencia de caries en dentición mixta usando el método ICDAS y el Índice CPO-D/ceo-d en niños de la Institución Educativa “Augusto Salazar Bondy” Chiclayo, 2019. El estudio tiene un enfoque cuantitativo, nivel de investigación descriptivo, diseño observacional y de tipo transversal, prospectivo, descriptivo y observacional. La muestra estuvo conformada por 87 niños entre 7 a 9 años pertenecientes a las aulas de 2°, 3° y 4° de primaria; los cuales fueron seleccionados a través de muestreo probabilístico aleatorio estratificado y cumplieron los criterios de selección. Se evaluó la presencia de lesiones cariosas en dentición mixta a través de dos métodos: ICDAS y CPO-D/ceo-d. Las investigadoras fueron calibradas previamente por un gold estándar. La evaluación se realizó en unidades dentales, y se respetaron las medid...

Vinasse is a residue of alcohol distilleries, rich in mineral salts and organic matter, whose use is limited and finally it is poured to the sewage system, causing pollution, nevertheless, can constitute a substrate for the production of biomass yeasts, used in the animal feed. In the present investigation was determined the effect of the concentration of the inoculum and the molasses as supplement of the vinasse, for the production of biomass of native Candida utilis. Yeasts were isolated of leaves of Zea mays L. "maize" in Sabouraud glucosade agar, were identified 40.23 % as C. utilis. Next, were cultivated in vinasse with 30 g/L of molasses, to 28 ºC, during 24 hours, the biomass was weighed and was selected C. utilis MKJ12, because it had the highest biomass value of 7.667 g/L. This yeast in concentration of 25, 50 and 75 mL/L of inoculum was cultivated in bioreactors Batch tank typ...

The microbial exopolysaccharide with emulsifying properties are an alternative to polymers and chemicals from algae and plants. Its production in molasses as carbon source lowers costs and generates added value to this byproduct of the sugar industry, so the aim of this study was to determine the performance and productivity of EPS emulsifiers by native halophilic bacteria in 20, 30 and 40 gL-1 of molasses. In MY synthetic medium with 5 % w/v of salts, 138 isolates of bacteria obtained from soil samples of salt water and in the districts of San Jose and Santa Rosa, in Lambayeque. In 10.8 % of these gummy colony forming bacteria and grown on glucose as carbon source EPS recovered whose maximum values of the mixtures in water emulsion - oil phase were 63.3 and 56.6 % after 1 and 24 hours, respectively. The M5 bacteria identified as Halomonas C1 10-1 sp. M5 EPS synthesized emulsifiers molas...

This research was conducted to characterize and determine the effect of native strains of Azospirillum spp. on growth of Oryza sativa L. "rice" as an alternative for the reduction of chemical fertilizers. The bacteria were isolated from roots of rice in Lambayeque. Fragments of previously disinfected roots were planted in Nfb semisolid medium, were nitrogen-fixing bacteria were recognized by a whitish film on the surface and turn from green to blue. The genus Azospirillum was identified in Congo red agar medium, obtained 96 isolates with production of 2.69 to 38.02 ppm indoleacetic acid and 7.95 to 29.09 ppm of fixed nitrogen. The four strains with the highest values were inoculated independently and in combination with 50 and 100 % urea in Tinajones INIA508 rice. It used a completely randomized design and including witnesses’ 50 and 100 % urea and absolute control. All native strains ...

The objective of this research was characterize and determine the effect of native strains of Azotobacter spp. on the vegetative growth of Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. "Tomato" as an alternative to the indiscriminate use of chemical fertilizers. Samples were taken from roots and rhizosphere soil of vegetables from which dilutions (10-4) in Ashby-sucrose broth and incubated at 30 °C to observe a yellow color, turbidity and surface film. The genus Azotobacter was identified in mineral agar without nitrogen and Ashby-benzoate, obtaining 96 strains with a yield of 7.10 to 57.99 mgL-1 indoleacetic acid, 0.13 to 1.64 mgL-1 of fixed nitrogen as ammonium and up to 1.61% efficiency in the solubilization of phosphate Bayovar rock. It obtained a cell suspension (108) of each of the four strains with the highest values and inoculated independently and in consortium, as well as a combination with 5...

In this work was determined the concentration of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) of Azospirillum strains isolated from roots of Lycopersicon esculentum Mill "tomato" and Oryza sativa L. "rice" as an alternative to accumulation of petroleum-based plastics. Previously disinfected root were plated in Nfb semisolid medium where nitrogen-fixing bacteria were recognized by a whitish film on the surface and turn from green to blue. The genus Azospirillum was identified in Congo red agar medium, obtained 96 isolates of A. lipoferum and A. brasilense on tomato and rice. Batch fermentation was performed with broth Azotobacter modified feeding a saturated solution of malic acid every 12 hours and were stained with Sudan Black B. Strains were selected with the greatest number of PHAs granules (in tomato, 18 of A. lipoferum and 2 of A. brasilense; in rice, 10 of A. lipoferum and 10 of A. brasilense ) an...

The aim of this study was to determine the concentration of starch Solanum tuberosum L. “potato” peels for the production of polyhydroxyalkanoates, PHA, from native halophilic bacteria as an alternative to reduce production costs of these biopolymers, possible replacements for petrochemical plastics. The bacteria were isolated of water samples of eight saline Lambayeque region and were enriched in HM1 broth at 30 °C with 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 g 100 mL-1 NaCl. Dilutions were performed subsequently, aliquots were taken and plated on HM1 agar, 203 isolates of halophilic bacteria were obtained, they were grown in HM2 broth with 10 g.L-1 glucose as carbon source and the 38.92% of the isolates showed PHA granules stained by Sudan Black B. Twenty bacteria with PHA granules in 65 – 75% over carried to fermentation, reaching between 0.174 to 0.889 g.g-1 of yield Y (p / x). Three isolate...

El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar la concentración de almidón de cáscaras de Solanum tuberosum L. “papa” para la producción de polihidroxialcanoatos, PHA, por bacterias halófilas nativas, como una alternativa para disminuir los costos de producción de estos biopolímeros, posibles reemplazantes de los plásticos provenientes del petróleo. Las bacterias fueron aisladas de muestras de agua de ocho salinas y fueron enriquecidas en caldo HM1 a 30 °C, con 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 y 30 g 100 mL-1 de NaCl. A continuación, se realizaron diluciones, se tomaron alícuotas y se sembraron en agar HM1, obteniéndose 203 aislados de bacterias halófilas que fueron cultivados en caldo HM2 con 10 g.L-1 de glucosa como fuente de carbono y entre las que el 38,92% presentó gránulos de PHA teñidos por Sudan Negro B. Los 20 aislados con gránulos de PHA en el 65 - 95 % de las células ...

This research was conducted to characterize and determine the effect of native strains of Azospirillum spp. on growth of Oryza sativa L. "rice" as an alternative for the reduction of chemical fertilizers. The bacteria were isolated from roots of rice in Lambayeque. Fragments of previously disinfected roots were planted in Nfb semisolid medium, were nitrogen-fixing bacteria were recognized by a whitish film on the surface and turn from green to blue. The genus Azospirillum was identified in Congo red agar medium, obtained 96 isolates with production of 2.69 to 38.02 ppm indoleacetic acid and 7.95 to 29.09 ppm of fixed nitrogen. The four strains with the highest values were inoculated independently and in combination with 50 and 100 % urea in Tinajones INIA508 rice. It used a completely randomized design and including witnesses’ 50 and 100 % urea and absolute control. All native strains ...

The objective of this research was characterize and determine the effect of native strains of Azotobacter spp. on the vegetative growth of Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. "Tomato" as an alternative to the indiscriminate use of chemical fertilizers. Samples were taken from roots and rhizosphere soil of vegetables from which dilutions (10-4) in Ashby-sucrose broth and incubated at 30 °C to observe a yellow color, turbidity and surface film. The genus Azotobacter was identified in mineral agar without nitrogen and Ashby-benzoate, obtaining 96 strains with a yield of 7.10 to 57.99 mgL-1 indoleacetic acid, 0.13 to 1.64 mgL-1 of fixed nitrogen as ammonium and up to 1.61% efficiency in the solubilization of phosphate Bayovar rock. It obtained a cell suspension (108) of each of the four strains with the highest values and inoculated independently and in consortium, as well as a combination with 5...

In this work was determined the concentration of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) of Azospirillum strains isolated from roots of Lycopersicon esculentum Mill "tomato" and Oryza sativa L. "rice" as an alternative to accumulation of petroleum-based plastics. Previously disinfected root were plated in Nfb semisolid medium where nitrogen-fixing bacteria were recognized by a whitish film on the surface and turn from green to blue. The genus Azospirillum was identified in Congo red agar medium, obtained 96 isolates of A. lipoferum and A. brasilense on tomato and rice. Batch fermentation was performed with broth Azotobacter modified feeding a saturated solution of malic acid every 12 hours and were stained with Sudan Black B. Strains were selected with the greatest number of PHAs granules (in tomato, 18 of A. lipoferum and 2 of A. brasilense; in rice, 10 of A. lipoferum and 10 of A. brasilense ) an...

The aim of this study was to determine the concentration of starch Solanum tuberosum L. “potato” peels for the production of polyhydroxyalkanoates, PHA, from native halophilic bacteria as an alternative to reduce production costs of these biopolymers, possible replacements for petrochemical plastics. The bacteria were isolated of water samples of eight saline Lambayeque region and were enriched in HM1 broth at 30 °C with 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 g 100 mL-1 NaCl. Dilutions were performed subsequently, aliquots were taken and plated on HM1 agar, 203 isolates of halophilic bacteria were obtained, they were grown in HM2 broth with 10 g.L-1 glucose as carbon source and the 38.92% of the isolates showed PHA granules stained by Sudan Black B. Twenty bacteria with PHA granules in 65 – 75% over carried to fermentation, reaching between 0.174 to 0.889 g.g-1 of yield Y (p / x). Three isolate...

La presente investigación se desarrolló con el objetivo de determinar el efecto de enterobacterias nativas en el desarrollo vegetativo de Zea mays L. “maíz” amarillo duro híbrido, en condiciones de invernadero, como una alternativa para disminuir el uso de fertilizantes químicos. Se investigaron 100 enterobacterias previamente aisladas de la rizósfera de malezas asociadas a cultivos de maíz y caracterizadas in vitro como promotoras del crecimiento de plantas. En laboratorio las enterobacterias nativas sintetizaron 0,62 – 52,90 ppm de ácido indolacético, fijaron nitrógeno, cuantificándose 1,03 – 30,21 ppm de amonio y solubilizaron 1,00 – 4,05 ppm de fosfato. Con las bacterias cultivadas en agarnutritivo a 30°C, por 24 horas, se obtuvo una suspensión en solución salina esterilizada NaCl 0,85% p/v, cuya concentración se estandarizó por espectrofot...

This research was developed with the aim of determining the effect of native enterobacteriaceae in the vegetative development of Zea mays L (corn). The yellow “corn”, under greenhouse conditions as an alternative to reduce the use of chemical fertilizers. 100 enterobacteriaceae were investigated, they were isolated from the rhizosphere of weed associated with the corn crops and characterized in vitro as plants growth promoters. In the laboratory, the native enterobacteriaceae were quantified to 1,03 – 30,21 ppm of fixed nitrogen as ammonia; 1,03 – 30,21 ppm indole acetic acid and 1,00 – 4,05 ppm solubilized phosphorus. These enterobacteriaceae were grown with nutrient agar at 30° C for 24 hours, it obtained a dilution was made into sterile saline 0.85% NaCl w/v, which concentration was standardized by spectrophotometry (600 nm) and poured plate to 9,0 x 108 CFU mL-1 and inocul...