The objective of this systematic scientific review was updated bibliographic information concerning the genetic, morphological, zootechnical and meat potential of creole pigs in Central and South America. It was found a population of 73 million Creoles pigs in Latin America, most under extensive, and semi extensive production systems. Since its European origin, adaptation to different ecosystems on the continent and the introduction of new breeds has led into a wide variety of creole pigs. Adaptation and introduction of breeds have led also in a rise of genetic variability of pigs benefiting the rusticity that involves a more efficient immune system. In the same way as omnivore the creole pig had a good adaptation to different diets, getting better advantage of fibrous and fatty food than commercial breeds. On the other hand, creole pigs showed an acceptable reproductive performance, dis...

El objetivo general es determinar el comportamiento de la subrasante cuando se incorpora roca volcánica granulada para estabilizar los suelos finos en pavimentos flexibles, Puno, 2023. La muestra es de 3 calicatas en toda la distancia de la vía urbana, las cuales serán de las siguientes progresivas de km 0+000, km1+000 y km 2+053; cada calicata tendrá la dimensión de 1.00m x 1.00m con una profundidad no mayor a 1.50m para realizar el perfil estratigráfico. Las conclusiones muestran que gracias a la incorporación de la mezcla roca volcánica granulada a nivel de la subrasante en pavimentos flexibles, incrementa significativamente la calidad de compactación de los suelos finos, Puno 2023. En el ensayo de Proctor modificado del suelo natural muestra una densidad máxima seca de 1.850 gr/cm3 y una óptima humedad de 6%. La adición de 10% de roca volcánica mediante Proctor obtiene u...

The objective of this systematic scientific review was updated bibliographic information concerning the genetic, morphological, zootechnical and meat potential of creole pigs in Central and South America. It was found a population of 73 million Creoles pigs in Latin America, most under extensive, and semi extensive production systems. Since its European origin, adaptation to different ecosystems on the continent and the introduction of new breeds has led into a wide variety of creole pigs. Adaptation and introduction of breeds have led also in a rise of genetic variability of pigs benefiting the rusticity that involves a more efficient immune system. In the same way as omnivore the creole pig had a good adaptation to different diets, getting better advantage of fibrous and fatty food than commercial breeds. On the other hand, creole pigs showed an acceptable reproductive performance, dis...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the temporary restriction of balanced feed on the maximization of the economic benefits of fattening guinea pigs. In total, 100 male and female guinea pigs of the Red Line of 21 ± 3 days of age were used, distributed in 5 metallic cages of 4 levels and 5 animals per cage. The diets of feed restriction were: T1 (ad libitum), T2 (14 days + 50% ration), T3 (21 days + 50% ration), T4 (14 days + 25% ration) and T5 (21 days + 25% ration). The ad libitum ration consisted of 10 g/animal/day with increments of 4 g per week up to a maximum consumption of 66 g/animal/day. Green alfalfa was supplied in a proportion equivalent to 10% of body weight. By using body weights, weekly feed consumption and unit prices, growth functions (S), production (Q) and accumulated economic benefits (B) were established. The first partial derivative was applied to B...

The objective of this research was to study the distribution and social structure of the guanaco in the Calipuy National Reserve (RNC), La Libertad, Peru. 430 guanacos were reported with a slight downward trend (b = - 10.21), distributed in 114 km2. The adults were most numerous with 73.5% ± 9.8 (p<0.01) followed by juveniles and chulengos 16.1% ± 3.93 y 10.4 ± 5.9 respectively. The 72% of the population was found in family groups, 18% in herds and solitary accounted for 10%. The density was 5.7 individuals per km2. The population was mostly concentrated in the north, above 3000 m (p <0. 01), which is also the most heavily fortified, reaching 18.9 ± 8.97 guanacos/km2 and family groups mainly houses. The western zone under 3000 m and closer to the breeding area, was the lowest density 0.24 ± 0.24 guanacos/km2, and maintained primarily solitary and groups of males.

This research was conducted to characterize and determine the effect of native strains of Azospirillum spp. on growth of Oryza sativa L. "rice" as an alternative for the reduction of chemical fertilizers. The bacteria were isolated from roots of rice in Lambayeque. Fragments of previously disinfected roots were planted in Nfb semisolid medium, were nitrogen-fixing bacteria were recognized by a whitish film on the surface and turn from green to blue. The genus Azospirillum was identified in Congo red agar medium, obtained 96 isolates with production of 2.69 to 38.02 ppm indoleacetic acid and 7.95 to 29.09 ppm of fixed nitrogen. The four strains with the highest values were inoculated independently and in combination with 50 and 100 % urea in Tinajones INIA508 rice. It used a completely randomized design and including witnesses’ 50 and 100 % urea and absolute control. All native strains ...

The objective of this research was characterize and determine the effect of native strains of Azotobacter spp. on the vegetative growth of Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. "Tomato" as an alternative to the indiscriminate use of chemical fertilizers. Samples were taken from roots and rhizosphere soil of vegetables from which dilutions (10-4) in Ashby-sucrose broth and incubated at 30 °C to observe a yellow color, turbidity and surface film. The genus Azotobacter was identified in mineral agar without nitrogen and Ashby-benzoate, obtaining 96 strains with a yield of 7.10 to 57.99 mgL-1 indoleacetic acid, 0.13 to 1.64 mgL-1 of fixed nitrogen as ammonium and up to 1.61% efficiency in the solubilization of phosphate Bayovar rock. It obtained a cell suspension (108) of each of the four strains with the highest values and inoculated independently and in consortium, as well as a combination with 5...

In this work was determined the concentration of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) of Azospirillum strains isolated from roots of Lycopersicon esculentum Mill "tomato" and Oryza sativa L. "rice" as an alternative to accumulation of petroleum-based plastics. Previously disinfected root were plated in Nfb semisolid medium where nitrogen-fixing bacteria were recognized by a whitish film on the surface and turn from green to blue. The genus Azospirillum was identified in Congo red agar medium, obtained 96 isolates of A. lipoferum and A. brasilense on tomato and rice. Batch fermentation was performed with broth Azotobacter modified feeding a saturated solution of malic acid every 12 hours and were stained with Sudan Black B. Strains were selected with the greatest number of PHAs granules (in tomato, 18 of A. lipoferum and 2 of A. brasilense; in rice, 10 of A. lipoferum and 10 of A. brasilense ) an...

The objective of this research was to study the distribution and social structure of the guanaco in the Calipuy National Reserve (RNC), La Libertad, Peru. 430 guanacos were reported with a slight downward trend (b = - 10.21), distributed in 114 km2. The adults were most numerous with 73.5% ± 9.8 (p<0.01) followed by juveniles and chulengos 16.1% ± 3.93 y 10.4 ± 5.9 respectively. The 72% of the population was found in family groups, 18% in herds and solitary accounted for 10%. The density was 5.7 individuals per km2. The population was mostly concentrated in the north, above 3000 m (p <0. 01), which is also the most heavily fortified, reaching 18.9 ± 8.97 guanacos/km2 and family groups mainly houses. The western zone under 3000 m and closer to the breeding area, was the lowest density 0.24 ± 0.24 guanacos/km2, and maintained primarily solitary and groups of males.

This research was conducted to characterize and determine the effect of native strains of Azospirillum spp. on growth of Oryza sativa L. "rice" as an alternative for the reduction of chemical fertilizers. The bacteria were isolated from roots of rice in Lambayeque. Fragments of previously disinfected roots were planted in Nfb semisolid medium, were nitrogen-fixing bacteria were recognized by a whitish film on the surface and turn from green to blue. The genus Azospirillum was identified in Congo red agar medium, obtained 96 isolates with production of 2.69 to 38.02 ppm indoleacetic acid and 7.95 to 29.09 ppm of fixed nitrogen. The four strains with the highest values were inoculated independently and in combination with 50 and 100 % urea in Tinajones INIA508 rice. It used a completely randomized design and including witnesses’ 50 and 100 % urea and absolute control. All native strains ...

The objective of this research was characterize and determine the effect of native strains of Azotobacter spp. on the vegetative growth of Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. "Tomato" as an alternative to the indiscriminate use of chemical fertilizers. Samples were taken from roots and rhizosphere soil of vegetables from which dilutions (10-4) in Ashby-sucrose broth and incubated at 30 °C to observe a yellow color, turbidity and surface film. The genus Azotobacter was identified in mineral agar without nitrogen and Ashby-benzoate, obtaining 96 strains with a yield of 7.10 to 57.99 mgL-1 indoleacetic acid, 0.13 to 1.64 mgL-1 of fixed nitrogen as ammonium and up to 1.61% efficiency in the solubilization of phosphate Bayovar rock. It obtained a cell suspension (108) of each of the four strains with the highest values and inoculated independently and in consortium, as well as a combination with 5...

In this work was determined the concentration of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) of Azospirillum strains isolated from roots of Lycopersicon esculentum Mill "tomato" and Oryza sativa L. "rice" as an alternative to accumulation of petroleum-based plastics. Previously disinfected root were plated in Nfb semisolid medium where nitrogen-fixing bacteria were recognized by a whitish film on the surface and turn from green to blue. The genus Azospirillum was identified in Congo red agar medium, obtained 96 isolates of A. lipoferum and A. brasilense on tomato and rice. Batch fermentation was performed with broth Azotobacter modified feeding a saturated solution of malic acid every 12 hours and were stained with Sudan Black B. Strains were selected with the greatest number of PHAs granules (in tomato, 18 of A. lipoferum and 2 of A. brasilense; in rice, 10 of A. lipoferum and 10 of A. brasilense ) an...

The objective of this research was to determine the degree of food competition between guanaco and livestock in Calipuy National Reserve. Vegetation cover (CV) was determined by a survey of vegetation and composition of diets using a micro histological technique of feces (50 guanacos, 35 cows and 25 horses). The dietary overlap was determined by Horn Index (I), food preferences by Ivlev index (E) and the diet diversity by Shannon-Weaver index (D) .We found a low - moderate food competition between the guanaco and the cattle and horses. The dietary overlap was greater during the rainy season (I=0.80 and 0.88) where forage supply was high (CV=63%) and lower during the dry season (R=0.58 and 0.64) when there were shortages of food (CV=50%). The guanaco was an intermediate selective consumer. The dietary diversity of adults increased during the dry season (D=0.62, p<0.01) including up to ...

The objective of this research was to determine the degree of food competition between guanaco and livestock in Calipuy National Reserve. Vegetation cover (CV) was determined by a survey of vegetation and composition of diets using a micro histological technique of feces (50 guanacos, 35 cows and 25 horses). The dietary overlap was determined by Horn Index (I), food preferences by Ivlev index (E) and the diet diversity by Shannon-Weaver index (D) .We found a low - moderate food competition between the guanaco and the cattle and horses. The dietary overlap was greater during the rainy season (I=0.80 and 0.88) where forage supply was high (CV=63%) and lower during the dry season (R=0.58 and 0.64) when there were shortages of food (CV=50%). The guanaco was an intermediate selective consumer. The dietary diversity of adults increased during the dry season (D=0.62, p<0.01) including up to ...