The germination process was applied to Andean grains: quinoa and amaranth, in arder to generate them physical and chemical changes, which are favorable for preparations less viscous and more energy, and increase nutrients. We worked with White quinoa and amaranth variety Junín Osear Blanco from Huancayo. The germination of the grains was higher in quinoa, amaranth not in yielding 98% and 70% germination respectively. The results Andes sprouted grains were: 13,09% protein, 6,10% fa!, 1,50% ash and 2,68% total fiber on a dry basis; vitamins 4,24 mg of niacin and 6,20 mg% ascorbic acid, minerals: 4,56 mg% iron, calcium 405,44 mg% and 39,86 mg% phosphorus for quinoa and 16,45% protein, 8,29% fat, 3,18% ash and 9,50% total fiber on a dry basis; vitamins 4,24 mg% niacin and 7,17 mg% ascorbic acid, minerals: 7,74 mg% iron,calcium 346,8 mg% and 49,0 mg% phosphorus for amaranth. The analyzes wer...

The germination process was applied to Andean grains: quinoa and amaranth, in arder to generate them physical and chemical changes, which are favorable for preparations less viscous and more energy, and increase nutrients. We worked with White quinoa and amaranth variety Junín Osear Blanco from Huancayo. The germination of the grains was higher in quinoa, amaranth not in yielding 98% and 70% germination respectively. The results Andes sprouted grains were: 13,09% protein, 6,10% fa!, 1,50% ash and 2,68% total fiber on a dry basis; vitamins 4,24 mg of niacin and 6,20 mg% ascorbic acid, minerals: 4,56 mg% iron, calcium 405,44 mg% and 39,86 mg% phosphorus for quinoa and 16,45% protein, 8,29% fat, 3,18% ash and 9,50% total fiber on a dry basis; vitamins 4,24 mg% niacin and 7,17 mg% ascorbic acid, minerals: 7,74 mg% iron,calcium 346,8 mg% and 49,0 mg% phosphorus for amaranth. The analyzes wer...

Heartworm is a parasitic disease caused by Dirofilaria immitis. The adult form of the parasite can be found in the right heart and pulmonary arteries, especially in canines. The objective of the study was to quantify the presence of D. immitis in districts located along the Lurín river (Cieneguilla, Pachacamac and Lurín). Blood samples were collected from 177 dogs (males and females) from January till July 2000. The age of the animals varied from 1 to 10 years. Three methods were conducted for diagnosing Dirofilaria: the microhaematocrit and the modified Knott techniques were used for the identification of microfilarias, and ELISA for the determination of secretion / excretion antigens of mature forms. Cieneguilla was the district with the highest frequency of heartworms. 6.4% of positive samples were obtained by the microhaematocrit and modified Knott techniques whereas 12.8% were obt...

Heartworm is a parasitic disease caused by Dirofilaria immitis. The adult form of the parasite can be found in the right heart and pulmonary arteries, especially in canines. The objective of the study was to quantify the presence of D. immitis in districts located along the Lurín river (Cieneguilla, Pachacamac and Lurín). Blood samples were collected from 177 dogs (males and females) from January till July 2000. The age of the animals varied from 1 to 10 years. Three methods were conducted for diagnosing Dirofilaria: the microhaematocrit and the modified Knott techniques were used for the identification of microfilarias, and ELISA for the determination of secretion / excretion antigens of mature forms. Cieneguilla was the district with the highest frequency of heartworms. 6.4% of positive samples were obtained by the microhaematocrit and modified Knott techniques whereas 12.8% were obt...

Staphylococcus spp. tiene la capacidad de adherirse y desarrollar biopelículas sobre diferentes superficies de contacto. Así el objetivo de la presente investigación fue comparar la producción de biopelículas de Staphylococcus spp. sobre acero inoxidable empleando dos medios de cultivo, leche Ultra High Temperatura (UHT) y Brain Heart Infusion broth (BHI). Se realizaron recuentos microbiológicos de las células adheridas en dos tiempos (12 y 24 h), en los dos medios de cultivo, incubados a 25 °C. Los recuentos de las células adheridas fueron analizados mediante ANOVA y comparación de medias por el test de Duncan (p < 0,05). Las biopelículas de dos cepas (cepa silvestre y cepa de tipo) cultivadas por 12 h en BHI, fueron observadas empleando microscopia electrónica de barrido (MEB). Se obtuvieron recuentos microbiológicos entre 7 y 8 log UFC/cm2. Fue observada diferencia sig...

Staphylococcus spp. tiene la capacidad de adherirse y desarrollar biopelículas sobre diferentes superficies de contacto. Así el objetivo de la presente investigación fue comparar la producción de biopelículas de Staphylococcus spp. sobre acero inoxidable empleando dos medios de cultivo, leche Ultra High Temperatura (UHT) y Brain Heart Infusion broth (BHI). Se realizaron recuentos microbiológicos de las células adheridas en dos tiempos (12 y 24 h), en los dos medios de cultivo, incubados a 25 °C. Los recuentos de las células adheridas fueron analizados mediante ANOVA y comparación de medias por el test de Duncan (p < 0,05). Las biopelículas de dos cepas (cepa silvestre y cepa de tipo) cultivadas por 12 h en BHI, fueron observadas empleando microscopia electrónica de barrido (MEB). Se obtuvieron recuentos microbiológicos entre 7 y 8 log UFC/cm2. Fue observada diferencia sig...

El aguaymanto (Phisalis peruviana) fue secado por  liofilización con la  finalidad  de  preservar  sus  características: fisicoquímicas,  nutricionales y organolépticas, para  ello se realizaron  las  siguientes  operaciones: lavado con agua potable,  selección,  retiro  de cáscara,  desinfección,  enjuague  con agua potable,  cortado en mitades y  secado por  liofilización en equipo piloto modelo L-I-E-300-CRT Rificor.  La   humedad inicial del fruto en promedio fue de 75,56%, con 15,1  oBrix,  y  la  humedad  final  de  5,63%, conservándose la  vitamina C  en un 94% respecto al fruto  fresco. El tiempo de  liofilización fue de 72,5 horas y alcanzó -30ºC en el punto más bajo y 40ºC en el secado. La incorporación hasta en un  20% del liofilizado en yogurt comercial  fue aceptable para el panel de  degustadores.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of fresh (YHF) and powder (YHP) egg yolk on the motility, viability, functional integrity of the plasma membrane (HOST) and pregnancy rate after insemination using fresh and chilled semen. Thirty ejaculates of five alpacas were collected by the post-copulation method during the months of January to March. Ejaculates were diluted in Tris-glucose plus glycerol to a final concentration of 5%, and the two types of egg yolk were added at a final concentration of 20%. Diluted semen was separated into aliquots and maintained at 15 °C for 8 h and 5 °C for 24 h, where 180 alpacas were inseminated. Motility, viability and sperm HOST value stored at 15 and 5 °C were not affected by the type of egg yolk. Similarly, pregnancy rates were rather similar when inseminated with fresh semen (50.0 and 46.7%), or kept at 15 °C (43.3 and 40%) or 5 °C (33.3...

El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar el efecto de la yema de huevo fresca (YHF) y en polvo (YHP) sobre la motilidad, viabilidad, integridad funcional de la membrana plasmática (HOST) y tasa de preñez con semen fresco y refrigerado. Se colectaron 30 eyaculados de cinco alpacas mediante el método poscópula en los meses de enero a marzo. Los eyaculados fueron diluidos en Tris-glucosa y glicerol a una concentración final de 5%, y usando los dos tipos de yema de huevo a una concentración final de 20%. El semen diluido se separó en alícuotas y se mantuvo a 15 ºC por 8 h y a 5 ºC por 24 h, y se inseminaron 180 alpacas. El tipo de yema no afectó la motilidad,  viabilidad y el valor HOST en los espermatozoides conservados a 15 y 5 ºC. De igual manera, los porcentajes de preñez no variaron cuando se inseminaron con semen fresco (50.0 y 46.7%), mantenido a 15 ºC (43.3 y 40%) o refrige...

El aguaymanto (Phisalis peruviana) fue secado por  liofilización con la  finalidad  de  preservar  sus  características: fisicoquímicas,  nutricionales y organolépticas, para  ello se realizaron  las  siguientes  operaciones: lavado con agua potable,  selección,  retiro  de cáscara,  desinfección,  enjuague  con agua potable,  cortado en mitades y  secado por  liofilización en equipo piloto modelo L-I-E-300-CRT Rificor.  La   humedad inicial del fruto en promedio fue de 75,56%, con 15,1  oBrix,  y  la  humedad  final  de  5,63%, conservándose la  vitamina C  en un 94% respecto al fruto  fresco. El tiempo de  liofilización fue de 72,5 horas y alcanzó -30ºC en el punto más bajo y 40ºC en el secado. La incorporación hasta en un  20% del liofilizado en yogurt comercial  fue aceptable para el panel de  degustadores.

One of the genes involved in hair fibre and hair follicle growth is the fibroblast growth factor 5 (FGF5). Mutation of this gene has been associated with long-haired phenotypes in several animal species, including llamas and alpacas. Blood samples were taken from 16 alpacas (9 Huacaya and 7 Suri), 6 llamas (4 Q'aras and 2 Chak'us), one vicuña and one guanaco. The polymorphisms related to fibre growth were analysed from a whole-genome sequence. The c.499≥T mutation was found to be present in both Huacaya and Suri alpaca breeds encoding a shorty protein of 166 amino acids. A one nucleotide deletion, c.351delC and a 12-nucleotide insertion (c.348_349insGCCATATAACAT) were present only in Chak’u breed llamas. This insertion encodes for a short, 119 amino acid protein, that affects the FGF5 gene and that would cause the growth of long fibres. In the case of mutation of c.499C>T, which ...

The physicochemical properties (antioxidant activity, total polyphenols and tannins contents) of tara extracts have been obtained. Samples were taken from the pod of tara (powder, fiber, seed coat and the inside of the seed) by maceration and Soxhlet extraction. All extracts have high antioxidant activity with an IC50 between 10 and 121 µg/mL. The total polyphenol content varies between 40 and 150 mg GAE/g of sample and the tannins content varies between 22 and 80%.

The physicochemical properties (antioxidant activity, total polyphenols and tannins contents) of tara extracts have been obtained. Samples were taken from the pod of tara (powder, fiber, seed coat and the inside of the seed) by maceration and Soxhlet extraction. All extracts have high antioxidant activity with an IC50 between 10 and 121 µg/mL. The total polyphenol content varies between 40 and 150 mg GAE/g of sample and the tannins content varies between 22 and 80%.

Liposarcomas are malignant mesenchymal tumours usually located in the retroperitoneum, rarely occurring as a single lesion in the kidney. We present a case of a 59-year-old male patient with a left renal mass detected by computed tomography scan. He underwent radical nephrectomy and the histopathological study reported a primary undifferentiated liposarcoma of the kidney without nodal involvement. After 15 months of surgery, he remained asymptomatic and without evidence of disease recurrence. The objective of this report is to present a case and literature review with current evidence of treatment options and prognostic factors for survival.

The authors are grateful to Dr. Izabela Dutra Alvim – Instituto de Tecnologia de Alimentos (ITAL, Campinas, Brazil), for the support with the LV 950-V2 equipment. Juan D. Rios-Mera, Erick Saldaña and Melina L. M. Cruzado-Bravo received the support of the Consejo Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación Tecnológica – CONCYTEC, Peru (CIENCIACTIVA programme, PhD scholarship contracts: No. 238-2018-FONDECYT; No. 104-2016-FONDECYT; No. 241-2018-FONDECYT, respectively). Iliani Patinho received the M.Sc. scolarship of the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior – CAPES.

In this study, we investigate the ionospheric disturbances caused by a moderate geomagneticstorm (maximum Kp = 6) occurring between 26th February and 1 March 2023. Ionospheric response for thecoupling between the solar wind, magnetosphere, and ionosphere systems can be observed across variousregions of the globe and it may vary according to the local/regional background ionospheric conditions. Weanalyzed space and ground‐based instruments (e.g., ionosondes, total electron content, GUVI imager,incoherent scatter radar) covering from Antarctica to equatorial latitudes in South America. From a globalperspective, we observed two ionospheric storms. The first, with a negative phase observed as a significantdecrease (>30%) in the F2‐layer critical frequency (foF2), occurred on February 27th at 01:00 UT. This negativephase storm was observed in all the considered regions, with the intensity...

The objectives of this study were to determine the effect of reducing the content and size of NaCl on the instrumental texture and dynamic sensory profile, and to determine the temporal drivers of liking (TDL). The reduction of the NaCl content decreased the hardness and chewiness parameters, and affected the dynamic sensory profile of the product. The NaCl reduction (<1.0% NaCl) was related to a higher incidence of the attributes off-flavor and dry. In general, the overall liking was driven by the juicy and tasty attributes, the latter being associated with the presence of the sensory attributes salty and seasoned and the texture parameters hardness and chewiness. According to the results, among the treatments with NaCl reduction, the beef burger added with 1.0% micronized salt stood out, since it did not affect considerably the texture parameters, the dynamic sensory profile during che...

The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the protective efficacy of a novel recombinant subunit vaccine containing the protein YidR (rYidR) against clinical mastitis (CM) caused by Klebsiella spp. and Escherichia coli. Given that E. coli infection is known to cause metritis, we also evaluated the effect of rYidR vaccination on the incidence of metritis and conception at the first artificial insemination. Retained placenta and abortion incidence, milk production and composition, and serological responses to specific antigens were also evaluated. In total, 3,107 cows were blocked by parity and randomly allocated into 1 of 3 treatment groups: experimental recombinant subunit vaccine containing the YidR protein (rYidR); commercial vaccine composed of Klebsiella pneumoniae siderophore receptors and porin protein (Kleb-SRP; KlebVax, Epitopix, Willmar, MN); and sterile water adjuvant...