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transmission problem » transmission system (Expander búsqueda), translation problems (Expander búsqueda)
risk transmission » hiv transmission (Expander búsqueda), its transmission (Expander búsqueda), zika transmission (Expander búsqueda)
transmission problem » transmission system (Expander búsqueda), translation problems (Expander búsqueda)
risk transmission » hiv transmission (Expander búsqueda), its transmission (Expander búsqueda), zika transmission (Expander búsqueda)
1
artículo
Publicado 2021
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Infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) continues to be a perinatal health problem globally and in our country, due to the increase in contagion in pregnant women who run the risk of vertical transmission of HIV to their baby during the pregnancy, childbirth and breastfeeding. Various publications mention that the prevalence of vertical transmission of HIV varies according to different authors between 3.8% and 17%. In Peru it is reported at 4%. Among the risk factors associated with vertical transmission of HIV, the following are mentioned: absence of antiretroviral therapy during prenatal care with adjusted odds ratio (aOR) ranging from 2.41 to 17.20; absence of a program for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV with aORa of 4.6 to 40.6; absence of prenatal control ORa 4.6; home delivery with aOR of 3.35 to 8.10; emergency cesarean delivery with OR of 4.32; ...
2
artículo
Publicado 2021
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Infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) continues to be a perinatal health problem globally and in our country, due to the increase in contagion in pregnant women who run the risk of vertical transmission of HIV to their baby during the pregnancy, childbirth and breastfeeding. Various publications mention that the prevalence of vertical transmission of HIV varies according to different authors between 3.8% and 17%. In Peru it is reported at 4%. Among the risk factors associated with vertical transmission of HIV, the following are mentioned: absence of antiretroviral therapy during prenatal care with adjusted odds ratio (aOR) ranging from 2.41 to 17.20; absence of a program for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV with aORa of 4.6 to 40.6; absence of prenatal control ORa 4.6; home delivery with aOR of 3.35 to 8.10; emergency cesarean delivery with OR of 4.32; ...
3
artículo
Publicado 2021
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Pregnancy in a woman living with HIV continues to be an important health problem that involves not only the pregnant woman but also the product of pregnancy due to the high risk of transmitting the virus during pregnancy, the time of delivery and breastfeeding maternal. Despite the years the selected studies continue to report that the reduction of vertical transmission of HIV is achieved with the early diagnosis of the infection in the pregnant woman, reducing the maternal viral load using antiretroviral therapy in pregnancy and in timing of delivery, elective cesarean delivery, discontinuation of breastfeeding, and antiretroviral prophylaxis in the newborn.
4
artículo
Publicado 2021
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Pregnancy in a woman living with HIV continues to be an important health problem that involves not only the pregnant woman but also the product of pregnancy due to the high risk of transmitting the virus during pregnancy, the time of delivery and breastfeeding maternal. Despite the years the selected studies continue to report that the reduction of vertical transmission of HIV is achieved with the early diagnosis of the infection in the pregnant woman, reducing the maternal viral load using antiretroviral therapy in pregnancy and in timing of delivery, elective cesarean delivery, discontinuation of breastfeeding, and antiretroviral prophylaxis in the newborn.
5
artículo
Publicado 2009
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A bibliographic review was done to update and systematize information on Toxocara human infection. Transmission mechanisms, epidemiology, clinical forms, diagnostic methods and treatment are described. Its importance as an infectious cause of blindness in young people that is potentially preventible and curable by early diagnosis is emphasized. Proposal is done to establish epidemiological surveillance, improve current laws to reduce transmission risk to the general population and increase knowledge on this infection in Peru.
6
tesis de grado
Publicado 2023
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El presente trabajo constituye un aporte a la ingeniería civil a través de la optimización del gerenciamiento de los proyectos de construcción de subestaciones eléctricas en el Perú, específicamente en la gestión de riesgos que impactan en el cumplimiento del plazo de los proyectos en mención. Inicialmente se analizó la problemática actual de los proyectos de transmisión de energía eléctrica en el Perú, entre los cuales se tiene la construcción de subestaciones y líneas de transmisión, realizando un análisis de cuáles fueron los riesgos que impactaron en proyectos ya culminados. Asimismo, se identificó cuáles fueron las desviaciones de plazo ocurridas en el histórico de proyectos de construcción de proyectos de transmisión en el país, llegando a la conclusión de que dichas obras tienen una desviación promedio de seis meses fuera de plazo. De igual manera se es...
7
artículo
Publicado 2021
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The aim of this study was to evaluate the perception of pet owners about the risk of infection of their pets with COVID-19 in Lima, Peru. A virtual survey was prepared for clients of private veterinary services in Metropolitan Lima. The instrument collected demographic information, knowledge about the transmission of SARS-CoV-2, cases of human infection, handling of the pet during the pandemic and perception of the risk of infection of animals by COVID-19. The survey was answered by 408 pet owners. It was recognized that the main means of transmission of COVID-19 were infected people (93.6%). Respiratory problems were rarely observed in dogs (8.1%) and cats (2.2%). The majority perception of those surveyed was not to relate the respiratory problems of pets with COVID-19 (80.6%), but they showed concern for the affected health of their animal (79.7%). The practice of walking the pets was ...
8
artículo
Publicado 2024
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The study examines the relationship between risk behaviors, stress, and coping strategies among Peruvian university students, highlighting the importance of these variables in their well-being. The sample consisted of 581 university students (ages 17 to 45). The instruments included: “Stress Scale for Transmissible Diseases”, “Stress Coping Questionnaire”, and an ad hoc questionnaire to assess risk behaviors. Results indicate that the most frequent risk behavior was not wearing a seatbelt (65%), followed by alcohol consumption (64.1%). Additionally, 25.7% reported high levels of stress, and the most used coping strategies were avoidance and seeking social support. Regression analysis shows that problem-focused coping and being employed are associated with a reduction in risk behaviors, whereas open emotional expression and being male increase the likelihood of engaging in such be...
9
artículo
Publicado 2010
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Introduction: One of the most serious problems of medical students is occupational exposure during their clinical training as they lack experience and limited development of hand skills. Objectives: To establish the frequency, mechanisms, circumstances and risk factors of biological accidents reported in medical students. Design: Descriptive observational transversal type study. Setting: Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru. Participants: Medical students. Methodology: A retrospective anonymous and voluntary survey was conducted. Study participants were randomly chosen. Main outcome measures: Biological accidents. Results: In a sample of 307 students 51,5% had at least one accident (158/307); median of biological accidents in the last year was 1,06; 91,1% of senior students had at least one biological accident last year versus 11,9% of first-year stud...
10
artículo
Publicado 2022
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Background: Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are a public health problem and the programs to reduce their transmission are mostly addressed from the risk approach and not from a comprehensive intervention. Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of a biographical-professional intervention program with cognitive behavioral techniques to reduce sexual risk behaviors in men who have sex with men (MSM). Method: A two-group pretest-posttest quasi-experimental design was used in the research. The first group consisted of MSM with an STD, nine of whom were in the experimental group and eight in the control group, whereas the second group consisted of MSM with no STD distributed into two groups of 11 men each. The participants answered the questions of an ad hoc scale, whose validity and reliability were previously evaluated. Results: Differences between the experimental and control groups’ pr...
11
artículo
Publicado 2022
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Viruses have been present throughout human history, causing diseases due to infections and food poisoning; they have caused frequent public health problems worldwide. These illnesses are usually mild, moderate, or severe in nature. The personal hygiene of food handlers and processing processes should be checked periodically. Virus detection protocols and safety measures should be continually reviewed as viruses change their mode of infection. The objective of this review was to discuss the possible routes of virus transmission to humans through food. Important topics have been reviewed such as: definition of food viruses, presence, and types of viruses in food, enteric viruses, zoonotic viruses, water as a means of transmission, risks of infection, other non-conventional foods as potential transmitters of viruses and food safety, in addition to current and future challenges, research wor...
12
artículo
Publicado 2019
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Introduction: In the approach of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, the therapeutic abandonment constitutes a serious problem of public health, affecting the quality of life of patients, families and community. Addressing it poses a burden on health systems, because it causes free sources of transmission in the community, and increases in prevalence and mortality. Hence the need to investigate those factors associated with this situation. Objective: To identify risk factors associated with treatment default in patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in the Callao-Peru region. Materials and methods: Analytical case-control study (cases = 80 and controls = 180) that started treatment from January 01, 2010 to December 31, 2012. The factors were identified by logistic regression, calculating the odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals. Results: Finding risk factors in the multiva...
13
tesis de grado
Publicado 2010
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La tuberculosis es un problema de salud pública con alto grado de transmisión que se incrementa en nuestra población. En este contexto, la presente investigación trabaja en un grupo de profesionales de enfermería, con el propósito de optimizar las medidas de protección respiratoria y así reducir el riesgo de transmisión. Como objetivo general fue determinar las medidas de protección respiratoria y la forma de aplicación para la prevención de tuberculosis en el profesional de enfermería del servicio de emergencia del Hospital Nacional Dos de Mayo, 2010. El presente estudio es de nivel aplicativo, tipo cuantitativo, método descriptivo, de corte transversal. La población estuvo conformada por 29 profesionales de enfermería. La técnica utilizada fue la observación, el instrumento la lista de chequeo. Los resultados fueron que el 100% de profesionales de enfermería aplica m...
14
artículo
Publicado 2004
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La cisticercosis porcina es endémica en comunidades rurales del Perú debido a la existencia de factores que favorecen la presencia, transmisión y mantenimiento de la enfermedad. El presente trabajo evaluó la prevalencia real de la cisticercosis porcina en tres caseríos (Nueva Esperanza, Turpo y Matapuquio) de la provincia de Andahuaylas, Apurímac. Se muestreó a la totalidad de la población porcina (n=304), exceptuando animales menores de 2 meses y hembras en gestación avanzada. Los sueros se analizaron mediante la prueba de Electro Inmuno Transferencia Blot (EITB). Los datos se analizaron para determinar factores de riesgo y se emplearon en el entorno de una simulación estocástica para estimar la prevalencia real usando funciones de generación de números aleatorios que seguían distribuciones beta-binomiales. El nivel de infección en Nueva Esperanza fue significativamente m...
15
artículo
Publicado 2004
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Porcine cysticercosis is endemic in rural communities of Peru, due to prevaling conditions contributing to the occurrence, transmission and maintenance of the disease. This paper assessed the real prevalence of porcine cysticercosis in three villages of Andahuaylas province, Apurímac. All pigs in the area were sampled with the exception of suckling piglets and advanced pregnant sows (n = 304). The samples were analyzed by the Enzyme Immuno Electro Transfer Blot (EITB) test. Resulting data was evaluated to determine the risk factors and a stocastic simulation was used to asses the real prevalence, using functions that generate random numbers that followed beta binomial distributions. The level of infection in Nueva Esperanza was significantly lower to those found in Turpo and Matapuquio (p<0.05). No statistical differences were found due to sex. There was a perfect direct correlation ...
16
tesis de grado
Publicado 2002
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La cisticercosis porcina es endémica en comunidades rurales del Perú debido a la existencia de factores que favorecen la presencia, transmisión y mantenimiento de la enfermedad. La presente tesis evaluó la prevalencia real de la cisticercosis porcina en tres villas de la provincia de Andahuaylas – departamento de Apurímac. En estas villas se muestreó a la totalidad de la población porcina (N=304), exceptuando animales menores de 2 meses y hembras preñadas. Las muestras fueron evaluadas mediante la prueba de Ensayo de Blot de Electro Inmuno Transferencia (EITB) o Westernblot. Los datos se analizaron para determinar factores de riesgo y se emplearon en el entorno de una simulación estocástica para estimar la prevalencia real. La simulación estocástica para estimar prevalencia real empleó funciones de generación de números aleatorios que seguían distribuciones beta – bin...
17
tesis de grado
Publicado 2016
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The causes of great damage in both animals and man, which has an impact on the development and performance of the same, as well as the economy. Giardia intestinalis, a parasitic disease caused by Giardia intestinalis, is one of the most prevalent public health problems in developing countries, especially in rural areas where ecological conditions are conducive to its transmission. It affects children more frequently, producing from asymptomatic infections to severe cases of diarrhea and malabsorption syndrome (1). As we know our department of San Martin is no stranger to being able to acquire zoonotic risk diseases, which increases the prevalence in children that constitute a health problem. Therefore it is necessary to carry out studies on the prevalence or presence of this parasite in canines to evaluate the true impact that these can affect the health of the children. For this purpose...
18
tesis de grado
Publicado 2004
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El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar la prevalencia de Guardia sp. en la población canina doméstica en los 6 distritos que conforman la Provincia Constitucional del Callao en el Perú. Para tal fin se colectaron 385 muestras fecales de perros aparentemente normales de ambos sexos, de diferentes edades y de acuerdo a la zona en donde habitaban sus propietarios. Las muestras fueron procesadas mediante la técnica de sedimentación espontánea; encontrándose una prevalencia de 9,35 ± 2% de Guardia sp. Mediante la prueba de regresión logística se cuantificó la asociación entre la presencia del parásito y las características físicas de las heces, estrato distrital de procedencia, sexo y edad del canino; se determinó una relación estadísticamente significativa entre el hallazgo de quistes de Guardia sp. y las características físicas de las muestras. Los resultados de nues...
19
tesis de grado
Publicado 2021
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The COVID-19 pandemic has generated uncertainty and concern in the population, regarding the possibility of transmission from animals to humans. The objective of this study was to evaluate the perception of companion animal owners about the risk of infection of their pets with COVID-19 in Lima - Peru. A virtual modality epidemiological survey was applied to 408 owners based on demographic information, knowledge about the transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, cases of infection, handling of the pet and perception of the risk of infection. The information analysis was carried out using descriptive statistics. The most frequently recognized means of transmission of COVID-19 was through infected people (93.6%), respiratory problems were little observed in dogs (8.1%) and cats (2.2%), against which the owners went to the Veterinarian (61.4%), showing an emotional response of concern (79.7%), ...
20
tesis de grado
Publicado 2017
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RESUMEN El presente proyecto se elaboró con el fin de encontrar los mecanismos que permitan a la empresa de estudio cumplir con los contratos pactados; por ser una empresa novel en la operación y mantenimiento de sistemas eléctricos carece de herramientas metodológicas originando que su proceso sea llevado de forma inadecuada, sin usar herramientas de gestión donde las fallas se contabilizan pero no se toman medidas para un control futuro. Por lo cual, se caen en incumplimientos y es alto riesgo de que apliquen penalizaciones a la empresa. Por ello se brindará una visión general de las concesionarias que operan en Perú, las responsabilidades que tienen frente al Estado, así también, un modelo de cómo está organizada y qué procesos cumple. Las empresas concesionarias de transmisión eléctrica están regidas bajo normas estatales. El encargado de emitir esta normativa y fisca...
