It was isolated bacteria strains from three different types of samples: fresh water, in situ baits and ex situ enrichment. Serial dilutions were prepared and culture was carried at 50 °C using a Basal-Saline medium. Isolated strains were screened for endoglucanase and xylanase activities with qualitative (Congo Red) and quantitative (DNS) methods. Molecular 16S rDNA sequencing analysis was performed for taxonomic identification. It was isolated 31 strains of which 14 showed hydrolytic activities and belonged to Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis species. Moreover, the strain B. subtilis DCH4 showed the highest endoglucanase activity at 45°C and pH 5, and xylanase activity at 55°C and pH 6. Then, DCH4 was cultivated by submerged fermentation with two different media supplemented with sugar cane bagasse, wheat straw, or quinoa stalk to evaluate its saccharification capability....

It was isolated bacteria strains from three different types of samples: fresh water, in situ baits and ex situ enrichment. Serial dilutions were prepared and culture was carried at 50 °C using a Basal-Saline medium. Isolated strains were screened for endoglucanase and xylanase activities with qualitative (Congo Red) and quantitative (DNS) methods. Molecular 16S rDNA sequencing analysis was performed for taxonomic identification. It was isolated 31 strains of which 14 showed hydrolytic activities and belonged to Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis species. Moreover, the strain B. subtilis DCH4 showed the highest endoglucanase activity at 45°C and pH 5, and xylanase activity at 55°C and pH 6. Then, DCH4 was cultivated by submerged fermentation with two different media supplemented with sugar cane bagasse, wheat straw, or quinoa stalk to evaluate its saccharification capability....

Aims: To isolate and characterize lignocellulase producing thermophilic bacteria from a Peruvian hot spring. Study Design: Combined sediment and water samples from the hot spring were subjected to direct plating, in situ baiting and ex situ enrichment. Endoglucanase and xylanase producing bacterial colonies were isolated and characterized. Place and Duration of Study: Samples were taken from the Huancarhuaz hot spring, Peru (8º56’31.86”S, 77º47’00.53”W) in August 2010 and processed during 2011-2013. Methodology: Samples were subjected to three isolation methods and bacterial colonies with different color, size and appearance, were isolated, purified by streaking several times and conserved in Tryptic Soy Agar slants at 4ºC. The agar staining method was used to isolate enzyme-producing strains which were then identified by 16S rRNA sequencing and further studied for endoglucana...

La elevada demanda de energía ha aumentado el interés en el uso de biomasa lignocelulósica para la producción de biocombustibles, en el cual las enzimas hidrolíticas termófilas y termoestables juegan un rol importante. En este contexto, el objetivo de la presente investigación fue aislar y seleccionar bacterias termotolerantes celulolíticas y xilanolíticas de las fuente termales Chancos, Olleros y Huancarhuaz, ubicados en el Callejón de Huaylas, Ancash – Perú. El aislamiento de las bacterias se hizo a partir de muestras frescas, enriquecidos ex situ y enriquecidos mediante cebos dejados in situ; se usó medio basal salino (MBS), 50°C y 6,5 de pH. La selección se realizó mediante la coloración con Rojo Congo sobre placas de cultivo suplementados con carboximetil celulosa (CMC) o xilano. Para la identificación taxonómica se analizó el gen 16S rDNA. Se cuantificó la act...

La elevada demanda de energía ha aumentado el interés en el uso de biomasa lignocelulósica para la producción de biocombustibles, en el cual las enzimas hidrolíticas termófilas y termoestables juegan un rol importante. En este contexto, el objetivo de la presente investigación fue aislar y seleccionar bacterias termotolerantes celulolíticas y xilanolíticas de las fuente termales Chancos, Olleros y Huancarhuaz, ubicados en el Callejón de Huaylas, Ancash – Perú. El aislamiento de las bacterias se hizo a partir de muestras frescas, enriquecidos ex situ y enriquecidos mediante cebos dejados in situ; se usó medio basal salino (MBS), 50°C y 6,5 de pH. La selección se realizó mediante la coloración con Rojo Congo sobre placas de cultivo suplementados con carboximetil celulosa (CMC) o xilano. Para la identificación taxonómica se analizó el gen 16S rDNA. Se cuantificó la act...

This work inform on in vitro propagation of the "valeriana" Perezia pinnatifida (Humb. & Bonpl.) Wedd. Shoot multiplication and indirect somatic embryogenesis methodologies were performed. The basal culture medium for all stages was Murashige and Skoog, middle of salts supplemented with 2.0% sucrose, 0.3% phytagel and pH 5.67; the treatments were prepared with or without phytohormones. The hormonal supplements for the shoot multiplication were: BAP 1.0 mg.L-1 + ANA 0.01 mg.L-1, and BAP 1.0 mg.L-1; for embryogenic callus induction were: ANA or 2,4-D (1.0 mg.L-1 and 2.0 mg.L-1); and for the embryo germination were: BAP (0.5 and 1.0 mg.L-1) or BAP 0.5mg.L-1 + ANA 0.05mg.L-1. BAP 1.0 mg.L-1 produced the higher number buds. For somatic embryogenesis, ANA 1.0 mg.L-1 induced a greater area of embryogenic callus, and BAP 0.5 mg.L-1 allowed major germination of the somatic embryos.

Se presentan los procedimientos para la propagación in vitro de Perezia pinnatifida (Humb. & Bonpl.) Wedd., conocida como “valeriana”. Se utilizaron las metodologías de multiplicación de brotes y embriogénesis somática indirecta. El medio de cultivo basal para todas las etapas fue Murashige y Skoog a mitad de sales, suplementado con sacarosa 2.0%, phytagel 0.3% y pH 5.67; y fue usado con o sin fitohormonas en los diferentes tratamientos. Los suplementos hormonales fueron: para la multiplicación de brotes BAP 1.0 mg.L-1 + ANA 0.01 mg.L-1 ó BAP 1.0 mg.L-1; para la inducción de callos embriogénicos ANA ó 2,4-D (1.0 mg.L-1 y 2.0 mg.L-1); y para la germinación de embriones BAP (0.5 y 1.0 mg.L-1) o BAP 0.5 mg.L-1 + ANA 0.05mg.L-1. El mayor número de brotes se obtuvo el medio suplementado con BAP 1.0 mg.L-1. En la embriogénesis somática, ANA a 1.0 mg.L-1 indujo mayor área...

In this work, we studied the degree of tolerance to heavy metals of fungi and bacteria isolated from soils with and without rhizosphere, in order to know its potential for applications in bioremediation. The samples came from Santa Rosa de Jangas mining liability. The fungi and bacterial strains were taxonomically identified by ITS region and 16S rDNA analysis, respectively. Heavy metal tolerance indices were calculate using salt medium supplemented with 1mM of lead (II), cupper (II), nickel (II) or zinc (II); and 0.1 mM of silver (I), chromium(VI) or cadmium (II). It was isolated 23 fungi and 18 bacteria strains. The fungi with better tolerance indices were Fusarium temperatum CTLM05 (Pb+2), Fusarium temperatum CTLM08 (Zn+2), Fusarium oxysporum CTLM18 (Ni+2 and Cd+2), Fusarium oxysporum CTLM12 (Ag+1), Fusarium inflexum CTLM22 (Cu+2), and Penicillium vanluykii CTLM11 (Cr+6). Likewise, th...

In vitro propagation of Senecio calvus was carried out as an alternative for its conservation. The buds were disinfected with HgCl2 (0.01 and 0.1%) with and without periodic addition of antibiotics. Murashige and Skoog culture medium (1/2) plus 2% sucrose and 0.3% phytagel 0.3%, and pH 5.7 was supplemented with benzylaminopurine for multiplication; while for the rooting naphthaleneacetic acid or gibberellic acid were used. Treatments without growth regulator were added. For acclimation two natural substrates were evaluated. The highest percentage of disinfection was obtained with 0.1% HgCl2 for 5 minutes adding rifampicin (72 μg·mL-1) and nystatin (200 μg·mL-1) every three days per 18 days. Benzylaminopurine increased the survival of the introduced buds and the percentage of shooted plants; however the number of shoots per plant did not show significant differences. Gibberellic acid ...

In this work, we studied the degree of tolerance to heavy metals of fungi and bacteria isolated from soils with and without rhizosphere, in order to know its potential for applications in bioremediation. The samples came from Santa Rosa de Jangas mining liability. The fungi and bacterial strains were taxonomically identified by ITS region and 16S rDNA analysis, respectively. Heavy metal tolerance indices were calculate using salt medium supplemented with 1mM of lead (II), cupper (II), nickel (II) or zinc (II); and 0.1 mM of silver (I), chromium(VI) or cadmium (II). It was isolated 23 fungi and 18 bacteria strains. The fungi with better tolerance indices were Fusarium temperatum CTLM05 (Pb+2), Fusarium temperatum CTLM08 (Zn+2), Fusarium oxysporum CTLM18 (Ni+2 and Cd+2), Fusarium oxysporum CTLM12 (Ag+1), Fusarium inflexum CTLM22 (Cu+2), and Penicillium vanluykii CTLM11 (Cr+6). Likewise, th...

In vitro propagation of Senecio calvus was carried out as an alternative for its conservation. The buds were disinfected with HgCl2 (0.01 and 0.1%) with and without periodic addition of antibiotics. Murashige and Skoog culture medium (1/2) plus 2% sucrose and 0.3% phytagel 0.3%, and pH 5.7 was supplemented with benzylaminopurine for multiplication; while for the rooting naphthaleneacetic acid or gibberellic acid were used. Treatments without growth regulator were added. For acclimation two natural substrates were evaluated. The highest percentage of disinfection was obtained with 0.1% HgCl2 for 5 minutes adding rifampicin (72 μg·mL-1) and nystatin (200 μg·mL-1) every three days per 18 days. Benzylaminopurine increased the survival of the introduced buds and the percentage of shooted plants; however the number of shoots per plant did not show significant differences. Gibberellic acid ...

In vitro propagation of Senecio calvus was carried out as an alternative for its conservation. The buds were disinfected with HgCl2 (0.01 and 0.1%) with and without periodic addition of antibiotics. Murashige and Skoog culture medium (1/2) plus 2% sucrose and 0.3% phytagel 0.3%, and pH 5.7 was supplemented with benzylaminopurine for multiplication; while for the rooting naphthaleneacetic acid or gibberellic acid were used. Treatments without growth regulator were added. For acclimation two natural substrates were evaluated. The highest percentage of disinfection was obtained with 0.1% HgCl2 for 5 minutes adding rifampicin (72 μg·mL-1) and nystatin (200 μg·mL-1) every three days per 18 days. Benzylaminopurine increased the survival of the introduced buds and the percentage of shooted plants; however the number of shoots per plant did not show significant differences. Gibberellic acid ...

In vitro propagation of Senecio calvus was carried out as an alternative for its conservation. The buds were disinfected with HgCl2 (0.01 and 0.1%) with and without periodic addition of antibiotics. Murashige and Skoog culture medium (1/2) plus 2% sucrose and 0.3% phytagel 0.3%, and pH 5.7 was supplemented with benzylaminopurine for multiplication; while for the rooting naphthaleneacetic acid or gibberellic acid were used. Treatments without growth regulator were added. For acclimation two natural substrates were evaluated. The highest percentage of disinfection was obtained with 0.1% HgCl2 for 5 minutes adding rifampicin (72 μg·mL-1) and nystatin (200 μg·mL-1) every three days per 18 days. Benzylaminopurine increased the survival of the introduced buds and the percentage of shooted plants; however the number of shoots per plant did not show significant differences. Gibberellic acid ...

rhernand@ulima.edu.pe, fccarras@ulima.edu.pe

La finalidad de este trabajo fue conocer que tipos de compuestos son los responsables de la actividad antibacteriana de P. hartwegiana Miquel, una planta del ande peruano. Esta planta es usada en medicina tradicional y es llamada “congona redonda” Los extractos fueron preparados a temperatura ambiental con eter de petróleo y metanol. Este último fue fracionado con cloroformo y cloroformo-etanol (3:2). Según las evaluaciones fitoquímicas esta especie contiene flavonoides, compuestos fenólicos, triterpenos y/o esteroides. La actividad antibacteriana fue evaluada mediante el método de dilución – estrías y usando concentraciones de 500 y 1000 µg/mL. Las bacterias usadas fueron E..coli ATCC 25922, Pseudomonas aeuriginosa ATCC 27853, Staphylococcus aureus 49444, y Staphylococcus epidermidis 12228. Se encontró que usando este método de extracción y cepas, P. hartwegiana Miquel...

Se evaluó la actividad antibacteriana mediante el método de difusión y la actividad antioxidante por el método del DPPH de dos cepas de hongos endofíticos de plantas del género Penicillum. Así mismo, la composición de los metabolitos secundarios, de los extractos con mejores actividades, fue evaluado mediante pruebas de coloración. La identificación a nivel de especie se realizó mediante la técnica de análisis de secuencias multilocus (MLSA) usando los genes ITS, Ben y caM. Se encontró que ambas cepas producen sustancias con actividad antimicrobiana sobre Sthaphylococcus aureus y Bacillus subtilis; así mismo producen sustancias antioxidantes. La identificación molecular determinó que HE17ct corresponde a P. chrysogenum y HE19ct es P. brevicompactum. Los resultados dejan evidencia que estas cepas poseen un alto potencial biotecnológico como fuentes de principios activos

Four indole-3-carbaldehyde semicarbazone derivatives, 2-((5-bromo-1H-indol-3-yl)methylene)hydrazinecarboxamide (1), 2-((5-chloro-1H-indol-3-yl)methylene)hydrazinecarboxamide (2), 2-((5-methoxy-1H-indol-3-yl)methylene)hydrazinecarboxamide (3), and 2-((4-nitro-1H-indol-3-yl)methylene)hydrazinecarboxamide (4) were synthesized and characterized by ESI-MS and spectroscopic (FT-IR, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR) techniques. The two-dimensional NMR (in acetone-d6) spectral data revealed that the molecules 1 and 2 in solution are in the cisE isomeric form. This evidence is supported by DFT calculations at the B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) level of theory where it was shown that the corresponding most stable conformers of the synthesized compounds have a cisE geometrical configuration, in both the gas and liquid (acetone and DMSO) phases. The in vitro antibacterial activity of compounds 1–4 was determined against ...

Seven species of lichens such us Umbilicaria aff. calvescens, Hypotrachyna enderythraea, Punctelia graminicola, Cladonia chlorophaea, Xanthoparmelia farinose, Psiloparmelia distincta (rock and tree substrates; rs and ts), and Usnea durietzii were collected from the province of Arequipa - Peru. Their usnic acid (UA) and fatty acid (FA) amounts in methanol-acetone were determined by High-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection (HPLC-DAD) and Gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID). The antimicrobial activities of these extracts were evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC strains (43300, 29213, 25923 and 700699), Escherichia coli strains (O157:H7 and ATCC 10536), Salmonella enterica sv typhimurium ATCC 14028, Candida albicans ATCC 90028 and Candida. tropicalis ATCC 750T. In addition, antioxidant capacity was also studied by Total phenolic content (TP...