Endoparasitosis is a critical health challenge in the management of Creole goats under extensive production systems due to its negative impact on animal health and productivity. This study determined the occurrence of endoparasites and identified associated risk factors in Creole goats from the southern coast of Peru. Fecal samples were collected from 129 goats in two localities of the Pisco province to detect the presence of oocysts from Eimeria spp. and eggs from trichostrongyles, Skrjabinema spp., Trichuris spp., and Fasciola hepatica. Data were analyzed using logistic regression models and adjusted through bootstrapping and stepwise selection methods, with locality, feeding type, age, and body condition as predictive variables. The results revealed a high occurrence of Eimeria spp. (86.0%) and trichostrongyles (65.1%), while Fasciola hepatica (14.0%) and Skrjabinemaspp. (7.0%) were e...

Background and Aim: Characterizing local animal production systems is crucial for sustainable livestock development. This study aimed to characterize the diversity of goat production systems in the Highlands of Chincha province, Ica, Peru. Materials and Methods: A structured questionnaire was used to gather data from 82 goat breeders in three districts: San Juan de Yanac, San Pedro de Huacarpana, and Chavín. Factor analysis of mixed data and hierarchical classification analysis were conducted to identify typologies of goat production systems using R version 4.4.2. Results: Four distinct goat production types were identified, primarily differentiated by feeding location and deworming frequency. Type 2 (41.5%) was the most prevalent, characterized by grazing on breeders own land, minimal milk production (<1 liter/day, 91.2%), and a focus on cheese and goat kid sales (70.6%). Breeders were...

Background: Five hundred years ago, goats were introduced to Peru, and since then, they have adapted to different climatic conditions, giving rise to the Creole goat, characterized by showing greater rusticity and better quality in both milk and meat than specialized breeds. Aim: This study aimed to describe the phenotype of the Creole goat in the Highlands of Chincha province, Ica. Methods: A total of 146 females aged >2 years without signs of crossbreeding with specialized breeds from the districts of San Juan de Yanac, San Pedro de Huacarpana, and Chavin were evaluated. Six phaneroptic characteristics, nine morphometric characteristics, and nine zoometric indices were registered. Tables and bar graphs were prepared. The chi-square test was performed to determine the association between districts and phaneroptic variables, ANOVA to identify differences between districts, correlation co...

Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Escuela de Posgrado. Maestría en Producción Animal

The aim of this study was to contrast the results of the proximal analysis in the main dry balanced foods for puppies and adult dogs marketed in Lima, Peru, with those suggested by the Association of American Feed Control Officials (AAFCO) and with the nutritional content corresponding to the label of each brand. Sixteen samples from 10 brands of dry food for puppies and dogs were collected using an intentional non-probabilistic sampling design. The samples were sent to two animal nutrition laboratories (one laboratory analysed the puppy food samples and the other the adult dog samples) to determine the levels of protein, fat, fibre, ash and moisture. All samples showed on their label a guaranteed analysis as recommended by AAFCO; however, proximal chemical analysis showed some contradictions, as is the case of fat with levels below the minimum recorded on its labels and even the minimum...

The influence of a cooling system (continuous ventilation and intermittent water spray) on productive, reproductive and economic levels of dairy cattle during the summer of 2012 was compared to previous summers where cooling systems were not present. Records of 890 cows in production of two dairies of the Valley Huaura, Lima, Peru were analyzed. Milk production, total solids, conception rate, services per conception and cost-effective data was collected. Farm 2 achieved a significant increase in milk production (p<0.05) due to the cooling system, while in Farm 1 was observed an increase in the percentage of total solids and a reduction in conception rate (p<0.05). The results showed that the use of a cooling system (fans and sprinklers) to reduce heat stress in dairy cows can be effective depending on the circumstances of each dairy herd.

Se determinó la influencia de un sistema de enfriamiento (ventilación continua y aspersión intermitente de agua) sobre los niveles productivos, reproductivos y económicos del ganado bovino lechero durante el verano de 2012 en comparación con veranos anteriores donde no se contaba con sistemas de enfriamiento. Se analizaron los registros de 890 vacas en producción de dos establos lecheros del valle de Huaura, Lima, Perú. Se tomaron datos de producción de leche, sólidos totales, tasa de concepción, servicios/concepción y costo-beneficio. El establo 2 logró un incremento sustancial de producción de leche (p<0.05) por efecto del sistema de enfriamiento, en tanto que en el establo 1 se observó un incremento en el porcentaje de sólidos totales pero una merma en la tasa de concepción (p<0.05). Los resultados demuestran que la utilización de un sistema de enfriamiento (ven...

Articulo científico

Articulo científico

Introduction: Tithonia diversifolia, also known as Mexican sunflower, is a tropical shrub with high forage potential, but limited information exists on the optimal harvest stage to balance yield and nutritional value. Methods: A 3 × 3 factorial design was implemented under tropical dry forest conditions in northern Peru, combining three regrowth stages (30, 45, and 60 days) with three plant fractions (leaf, stem, and leaf–stem mixture), with four replicates per treatment. Agronomic traits, dry matter yield, proximate composition, and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) were evaluated. Results: Biomass yield increased significantly with harvest age, reaching 11.93 kg fresh weight and 3.45 kg dry matter per plant at 60 days, although with reduced nutritional quality due to a higher stem proportion. Leaves harvested at 30 days had the highest crude protein (16.5%) and soluble carbo...

El objetivo de la investigación fue comparar las características agronómicas, productivas, nutricionales y económicas de cuatro genotipos de maíz forrajero: INIA 617 Chuska, M28T Marginal 28 Tropical, Atlas 777 e INIA 619 Megahíbrido, en el valle de Chancay, Perú. Los cuatro genotipos, con cuatro replicaciones cada uno, fueron distribuidos aleatoriamente en 16 unidades experimentales. Cada unidad experimental estuvo representada por 16 surcos de 29 m de longitud, espaciados a 0,85 m, con una distancia de siembra entre golpes de 0,30 m y tres semillas por golpe. Las características agronómicas se evaluaron a los 93 días de siembra, mientras que el rendimiento productivo, nutricional y económico fueron estimados a los 110 días postsiembra. Los genotipos INIA 617 y M28 alcanzaron la mayor altura de planta, mientras que INIA 619 y Atlas 777 mostraron el mayor número de hojas y n...

Creole goats have adapted to the harsh Andean environment, yet the physiological impacts of high-altitude production systems remain underexplored. This study assessed seasonal and dietary influences on the hematological and biochemical profiles of 45 Creole goats in the Peruvian Andes. The animals were assigned to three diets: D1 (grazing), D2 (grazing + 2000 g hay), and D3 (grazing + 400 g concentrate), across rainy and dry seasons. Biweekly blood sampling measured urea, cholesterol, total protein, albumin, ALP, ALT, WBCL, NeuP, LymP, HGB, and MCV. Season exerted the strongest influence (p < 0.001), with modest dietary effects and a consistent effect of sampling time. Urea, total protein, and albumin increased during the rainy season, though only urea responded significantly to diet. Leukocytosis rose in the dry season and with higher-protein diets, suggesting heightened immune activati...

Goats are an important component of smallholder family farms along the coast and highlands of Peru. The weight of an animal is an important indicator of the production and economy of farmers in rural areas. Therefore, this study aimed to develop predictive models for Body Weight (BW) using Morphometric Measurements (MM) of Creole goats (Capra hircus) in Perú. BW and five MM were collected from 356 goats from the coast and highlands of Peru. Variables were analyzed using correlation and stepwise regression analysis to select the best model based on the coefficient of determination (r²), adjusted r², Residual Standard Error (RSE), and Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) using the RStudio statistical software. The highest correlation was found between BW and TG (0.76), followed by RW (0.67), and RH (0.65). The combinations of MM selected as predictors of BW by stepwise regression were TG,...

The dry forests of northern Peru are home to extensive populations of algarrobo (Neltuma spp.). Its fruit serves as feed for goats and is used in various agro-industrial products. However, the nutritional quality can be influenced by the physicochemical properties of the soil and vegetation coverage. The objective of this study was to understand and predict the concentration of protein and ether extracts of carob and evaluate its relationship with soil properties and vegetation indices. Principal component analysis (PCA) and correlation analyses were conducted. The prediction of protein and ether extract was carried out using the Eureqa-Formulize software 1.24.0. In the PCA, protein showed a positive relationship with ash and ether extract but a negative relationship with moisture. Likewise, moderate correlations were observed between protein and ash content (0.51). Protein also showed p...

Background: Creole goat husbandry for milk and meat improves food security in rural areas in Perú. Body weight (BW) is a key trait for selecting breeding stock, and it is estimated to be using algorithms. Likewise, BW is common in livestock farming. Aim: This study aimed to compare BW prediction models using a data mining algorithm in Creole goats, considering their biometric measurements. Methods: Data from 1,075 females aged between 1 and 4 years were used. Measurements of chest width, thoracic perimeter, wither height, sacrum height, rump width and length, body length, cannon bone perimeter, age, and region of the herd were recorded. The regression trees (classification and regression tree), support vector regression (SVR), and random forest regression (RFR) algorithms were used. Results: The SVR was better at predicting BWs in Creole goat herds. Similarly, the results were stable du...