Hypertension in pregnancy is a relative frequent disease, responsible of increased perinatal and maternal morbidity and mortality. Not all patients with hypertension in pregnancy will have similar prognosis. Establishing a unique classification system will allow professionals to use similar therapeutic and prognostic criteria. Different classification systems and terms have been proposed. In this article hypertension diagnosed previous to pregnancy or persisting more than 12 weeks after delivery is termed chronic hypertension. When hypertension is diagnosed after 20 weeks gestation it can be classified as gestational hypertension -when high blood pressure is the only clinical sign- or pre-eclampsia, a  multisystemic syndrome in which hypertension and proteinuria are the most frequent clinical manifestations; its diagnosis must also be considered if there are other organs or systems affe...

The advancement of science and technology has determined that the life expectancy of humans has increased significantly over the past 50 years. Currently, it is estimated that Peruvian women live on average to 74 years; and with the average age of menopause around age 47, this means that almost a third of his life will be exposed to physiological changes that begin in perimenopause and after menopause continue.

Vaginitis diagnosis is usually associated to bacterial vaginosis, Trichomonas vaginalis or Candida albicans. Nevertheless these are not the only causes of vaginal discharge, the most frequent vaginitis symptom. In this report we present other less frequent causes of vaginal discharge. Cases of vaginitis in the child are usually secondary to vulvar dermatologic problems. The presence of foul smelling bloody discharge may be by vaginal foreign body. Most frequent bacteriae producing vaginitis in children are Hemophilus influenzae, group A Streptococcus and Escherichia coli. Treatment should be oriented to the problem cause. In the pre and post menopause woman the discharge may be due to atrophic vaginitis or descamative inflammatory vaginitis. In relation to treatment in the first case the use of topic or systemic estrogens is recommended and in the second, the use of clindamycin 2% in vag...

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) may be difficult to diagnose due to the diverse clinical presentation, either patients severely ill or asymptomatic. Most common symptom is pelvic pain (90%) and others are dyspareunia, abnormal vaginal discharge or bleeding, voiding urgency, nausea, vomiting, and rectal tenesmus. On bimanual vaginal examination at least one of the following findings is essential: pain on cervix or uterus movilization or pain at adnexal palpation. Auxiliary tests can show leukocytes on vaginal secretion, increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and identification of Neisseria gonorrhea or Chlamydia trachomatis in the cervix. Other useful tests are imaging studies, including vaginal ultrasound, computed axial scan or magnetic resonance. Laparoscopy is the gold standard. Though there are reports on endometrial biopsy complementing PID diagnosis when there is no evidence o...

Introduction

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) may be difficult to diagnose due to the diverse clinical presentation, either patients severely ill or asymptomatic. Most common symptom is pelvic pain (90%) and others are dyspareunia, abnormal vaginal discharge or bleeding, voiding urgency, nausea, vomiting, and rectal tenesmus. On bimanual vaginal examination at least one of the following findings is essential: pain on cervix or uterus movilization or pain at adnexal palpation. Auxiliary tests can show leukocytes on vaginal secretion, increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and identification of Neisseria gonorrhea or Chlamydia trachomatis in the cervix. Other useful tests are imaging studies, including vaginal ultrasound, computed axial scan or magnetic resonance. Laparoscopy is the gold standard. Though there are reports on endometrial biopsy complementing PID diagnosis when there is no evidence o...

The advancement of science and technology has determined that the life expectancy of humans has increased significantly over the past 50 years. Currently, it is estimated that Peruvian women live on average to 74 years; and with the average age of menopause around age 47, this means that almost a third of his life will be exposed to physiological changes that begin in perimenopause and after menopause continue.

Vaginitis diagnosis is usually associated to bacterial vaginosis, Trichomonas vaginalis or Candida albicans. Nevertheless these are not the only causes of vaginal discharge, the most frequent vaginitis symptom. In this report we present other less frequent causes of vaginal discharge. Cases of vaginitis in the child are usually secondary to vulvar dermatologic problems. The presence of foul smelling bloody discharge may be by vaginal foreign body. Most frequent bacteriae producing vaginitis in children are Hemophilus influenzae, group A Streptococcus and Escherichia coli. Treatment should be oriented to the problem cause. In the pre and post menopause woman the discharge may be due to atrophic vaginitis or descamative inflammatory vaginitis. In relation to treatment in the first case the use of topic or systemic estrogens is recommended and in the second, the use of clindamycin 2% in vag...

Introduction

La percepción de la actividad fetal por la madre es la técnica más antigua y menos costosa de controlar el bienestar fetal. Tradicionalmente se ha considerado la disminución o ausencia de movimientos fetales percibidos por la madre, como una señal de alarma, en especial cuando existe insuficiencia útero placentaria. Varios investigadores han descrito el valor del registro diario de movimientos fetales como un método para identificar el feto en peligrote morir. El poder discernir si el feto se encuentra en un período de reposo fisiológico o en una disminución anormal de suactividad es difícil pero importante. Se describen varias definiciones de la percepción materna de inactividad fetal. El propósito del estudio fue detectar condiciones anormales del feto a través del registro de movimientos fetales. Para la evaluación seutilizó la cartilla de Cardiff de 10 movimientos, de...

Hypertension in pregnancy is a relative frequent disease, responsible of increased perinatal and maternal morbidity and mortality. Not all patients with hypertension in pregnancy will have similar prognosis. Establishing a unique classification system will allow professionals to use similar therapeutic and prognostic criteria. Different classification systems and terms have been proposed. In this article hypertension diagnosed previous to pregnancy or persisting more than 12 weeks after delivery is termed chronic hypertension. When hypertension is diagnosed after 20 weeks gestation it can be classified as gestational hypertension -when high blood pressure is the only clinical sign- or pre-eclampsia, a  multisystemic syndrome in which hypertension and proteinuria are the most frequent clinical manifestations; its diagnosis must also be considered if there are other organs or systems affe...

Objetivo: El objetivo fue evaluar los factores de riesgo asociados a pre-eclampsia en nuestro hospital. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio prospectivo, de tipo caso-control concurrente en 88 pacientes con pre-eclampsia e igual número de controles. El trabajo se llevó a cabo en el Servicio de Obstetricia del Hospital Nacional Cayetano Heredia entre los meses de marzo a agosto de 1993. Resultados: Los factores asociados a pre-eclampsia fueron el antecedente previo a pre-eclampsia (OR:17), el índice de masa corporal elevado (OR:9.6), la raza predominantemente blanca (OR:6.4), el antecedente familiar de hipertensión arterial (OR: 5.2), la falta de control pre-natal y la nuliparidad (OR: 2.5). La incidencia de preeclampsia fue 4.11%, y requirieron parto por cesárea el 69.3% de las pacientes. Presentaron complicaciones en el puerperio inmediato 28.4% de los casos, siendo...

Objetivo: Determinar los factores de riesgo de endometritis post-cesárea (EPC). Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo caso-control en el Servicio de Obstetricia del Hospital Nacional Cayetano Heredia del 1 de Enero de 1992 al 31 de Julio de1996. Para el análisis estadístico se utilizó análisis bivariado y multivariado de regresión logística. Resultados: Durante este período se detectaron 82 pacientes con diagnóstico clínico de endometritis, seleccionándose aleatoriamente igual número de pacientes operadas de cesárea con puerperio normal. Los factores relacionados con un riesgo significativo de EPC fueron: edad materna menor de 21 años y valores de hematocrito post-operatorio menor o igual a 30%. En el grupo de pacientes con endometritis el 45.1% de las pacientes tuvieron infección concomitante, siendo la infección de herida operatoria (29.3%) y ...

Objetivos: Estimar la prevalencia de depresión durante la gestación y estudiar posibles factores asociados a ésta.Material y Métodos: Entre los meses de marzo y julio del 2004, se incluyeron 203 pacientes embarazadas queacudían al Consultorio Externo de Obstetricia del Hospital Nacional Cayetano Heredia en Lima, Perú. Se registraronlos datos personales, obstétricos, socioeconómicos y psiquiátricos de las gestantes, y se les aplicó la Escala deDepresión Postnatal de Edimburgo (EPDS). Resultados: Un 34,7% de las embarazadas tuvo puntajes de la EPDS >13,5. La prevalencia estimada de depresión mayor en las pacientes gestantes, tomando en cuenta la sensibilidad yespecificidad de la EPDS para el punto de corte 13,5, fue 22,25%. Se obtuvieron puntajes totales de EPDS con unamedia de 11,3 y una desviació...

Molecular Biology of fetal asphyxia. Intrauterine growth restriction. Decision-making in cases of intrauterine growth restriction. New evidence in the management of placenta previa. Expectant management of mild gestational hypertensive disorders. Severe preeclampsia and HELLP syndrome. Prematurity situation in Peru. Cervical length in predicting preterm delivery. Use of antenatal magnesium sulfate to prevent cerebral palsy in premature infants. Pessary use in preterm birth. Use of misoprostol for postpartum hemorrhage. Multiple pregnancy antepartum management. Multiple pregnancy: intrapartum management, vaginal birth or caesarean ?.

A review of editorial occurrences since 1955 when the journal Ginecología y Obstetricia was first published until 2015 is done, mentioning its continuity and permanence with publication of articles on obstetrics and gynecology, reproduction, infertility, public health, neoplasias, and fetal medicine. The presence of the current Editorial Committee since 1994 has allowed editorial quality, permanence, peer review, visibility, impact, and citations, incentivizing research and publication, and obtaining digitalization of all articles of the Revista Peruana de Ginecología y Obstetricia in the Open Journal System since 1955.