Objective: To determine the presence of icaA and icaD genes in biofilm-forming coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) isolated from central venous catheters (CVCs) from the intensive care unit of the Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen (HNGAI). Materials and methods: One hundred fifty-one (151) CVCs were collected from the HNGAI in Lima. For the microbiological analysis, 30 CVCs were randomly selected for the Maki method and 121 for the Donlan method. A total of 73 CoNS isolates were obtained and their ability to form biofilms was evaluated using Congo red agar (CRA). CRA-positive isolates showed the presence of icaA and icaD genes by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: Out of the 27 CoNS isolated from the external surface of the CVCs, 81 % (22/30) were CRA positive, of which 13.6 % (3/22) presented both genes. Out of the 46 CoNS isolated from the internal surface of...

Smallanthus sonchifolius Poepp & Endl “yacon” is a native plant from South America, its root stores carbohydrates in the form of inulin or fructooligosaccharides (FOS) (polymers of fructose), which are recognized as dietary fiber and prebiotic. This study aimed to elaborate yacon flour and investigate its influence in growth of two probiotic bacteria. By the evaluation and comparing two designs: A with grinding of the root and B conditioning the juice, it was able to optimize the production of flour, obtaining an improvement in the amount of total and reducing sugars, which were 88,15 and 9,03%, respectively. The B design was the best way to get yacon flour. About the influence on probiotic bacteria, was observed that yacon flour improve considerably the growth of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium breve.

Listeria monocytogenes is a pathogenic microorganism capable of forming biofilms in the food production environment, being difficult to remove with normal cleaning and disinfection procedures. In the present study, was to evaluate the biofilm formation capacity of 20 strains of Listeria monocytogenes isolated from sausages and inert surfaces of a meat-processing plan. Detection of the bacteria was done using GeneQuence Test and the ability of biofilm formation was determined by the Djordjevic method at 620nm. Different temperatures conditions were evaluated: refrigeration (4 ºC), ambient (22 ºC) and 35 ºC, and it was obtained that 95% of the strains have the capacity to form biofilm for Stepanovic’s recommendations. The weak biofilm producing strains were 85% at 4 ºC and 35 ºC; however at 35 ºC 10% were moderate producer. Resistance to two disinfectants based on sodium hypochlori...

Smallanthus sonchifolius Poepp & Endl “yacón”, es una planta nativa de Sudamérica cuya raíz almacena carbohidratos en forma de inulina o fructooligosacáridos (FOS) (polímeros de fructosa), los cuales son reconocidos como fibra dietética y prebiótico. El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo la elaboración de harina de yacón y estudiar su influencia en el crecimiento de dos bacterias probióticas. Mediante la evaluación y comparación de dos diseños: A con molienda de la raíz y B acondicionando el zumo, se pudo optimizar la obtención de harina para lograr mayor cantidad de azúcares totales y reductores, que fue 88,15 y 9,03%, respectivamente. El diseño B se consideró como la mejor forma de producirla. En cuanto a la influencia sobre bacterias probióticas, se pudo apreciar que la harina de yacón mejora considerablemente el crecimiento de Lactobacillus acidophilus y ...

Listeria monocytogenes es un microorganismo patógeno con capacidad de formar biopelículas en el ambiente de producción de alimentos, siendo difícil su remoción con los procedimientos normales de limpieza y desinfección. En el presente estudio, se evaluó la capacidad de formación de biopelículas de 20 cepas de L. monocytogenes aisladas de embutidos y superficies inertes de una planta de procesado cárnicos. La detección se realizó con GeneQuence Test y la capacidad de formación de biopelículas por el método de Djordjevic a 620nm. Se evaluó diferentes condiciones de temperatura: refrigeración (4ºC), ambiente (22ºC) y 35ºC, obteniendo formación de biopelículas en el 95% de las cepas según la clasificación Stepanovic. El 85% fueron productoras débiles de biopelícula a 4°C y 35°C; sin embargo a 35°C un 10% fueron productoras moderadas. La resistencia frente a dos d...

Sixty Huacho sausage samples from Food Markets in Cercado de Lima, Peru, were analyzed in order to determine the prevalence of Listeria monocytogenes. These samples were collected in sterile containers and refrigerated, to be processed within 24 hours since collection in Microbiology laboratory from Pharmacy faculty of National University of San Marcos The USDA-FSIS methodology was used for microbiological analysis, which consists of three phases: Pre-enrichment of sample, Sample enrichment and Reseeding on selective agars and CAMP test. Listeria monocytogenes prevalence in Huacho sausages, was 78%. These results support that Huacho sausage is a food with a potential risk to the public health.

Sixty Huacho sausage samples from Food Markets in Cercado de Lima, Peru, were analyzed in order to determine the prevalence of Listeria monocytogenes. These samples were collected in sterile containers and refrigerated, to be processed within 24 hours since collection in Microbiology laboratory from Pharmacy faculty of National University of San Marcos The USDA-FSIS methodology was used for microbiological analysis, which consists of three phases: Pre-enrichment of sample, Sample enrichment and Reseeding on selective agars and CAMP test. Listeria monocytogenes prevalence in Huacho sausages, was 78%. These results support that Huacho sausage is a food with a potential risk to the public health.

Infections associated with biofilm producer bacteria, such as coagulase negative staphylococci (CoNS) are difficult to treat, because they are more resistant to antibiotics than its plactonic form, perhaps because do not allow an optimal drug diffusion. This paper aims contribute to knowledge of resistance strategies by these microbial communities, considering as objectives, isolate biofilm producer CoNS from venous catheters(CVC), induce biofilms in vitro production and evaluate vancomycin penetration through of them. 121 CVC were collected, from Intensive Care Unit of Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen. 46 strains were identified as CoNS, being 46% of them, biofilm producers according to Congo Red agar method; Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 35984 (biofilm forming bacteria) and Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228 (non-biofilm forming bacteria) were used as controls. Vancom...

Las infecciones asociadas a bacterias formadoras de biopelículas, como estafilococos coagulasa negativos (ECoN), son difíciles de tratar debido a que en dicho estado son más resistentes a los antibióticos que en su forma planctónica, posiblemente porque no permiten la buena difusión del fármaco. El presente trabajo contribuye al conocimiento de las estrategias de resistencia por parte de estas comunidades microbianas, al plantearse como objetivos, aislar ECoN formadores de biopelículas desde catéteres venosos centrales (CVC), inducir la formación de biopelículas in vitro y evaluar la penetración de vancomicina a través de éstas. Se recolectaron 121 CVC de la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI) del Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen. Se aislaron 46 cepas identificadas como ECoN, de las cuales el 46% fueron productoras de biopelícula según el método en agar Rojo...

Tuberculosis (TB) is a public health problem, worsed by multidrugs resistant forms (MDR-TB). The control of MDR-TB require a well definition of patient epidemiological situation before start treatment and clarify the rol of different risk factors associated to MDR-TB . The objectives were to determine the associated factors to MDR-TB in urban marginal health public centers from East Lima. This is an observational and analytical case-control study, age and gener matched, undertaken since 2006 to 2008. We defined as case all patients who were diagnosticated and treated to MDR-TB and as control all patients who were recuperated from tuberculosis with primary scheme. The data was acquired from the routine reports of the National Control Program. 252 patients were incorporated, 126 cases and 126 controls. 108 (85,7%) controls and 19 (15%) cases were new. 45 (36%) cases were failures to previo...

Tuberculosis (TB) is a public health problem, worsed by multidrugs resistant forms (MDR-TB). The control of MDR-TB require a well definition of patient epidemiological situation before start treatment and clarify the rol of different risk factors associated to MDR-TB . The objectives were to determine the associated factors to MDR-TB in urban marginal health public centers from East Lima. This is an observational and analytical case-control study, age and gener matched, undertaken since 2006 to 2008. We defined as case all patients who were diagnosticated and treated to MDR-TB and as control all patients who were recuperated from tuberculosis with primary scheme. The data was acquired from the routine reports of the National Control Program. 252 patients were incorporated, 126 cases and 126 controls. 108 (85,7%) controls and 19 (15%) cases were new. 45 (36%) cases were failures to previo...

In this study, was investigated the antistaphylococcal activity in vitro of ethanol and hydroalcoholic extracts of 3 peruvian medicinal plants: Juglans neotropica Diels (bark), Piper lineatum Ruiz & Pav. (leaves) and Terminalia catappa L. (leaves). The species were collected in the regions of Amazonas and Cajamarca, in Peru. Antistaphylococcal activity was assessed by microdilution method. The organisms used were bacteria Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228. All extracts investigated showed significant activity against both bacteria with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 125 to 500 μg/mL for Staphylococcus aureus, with increased activity of the ethanol extract of Juglans neotropica Diels, and of 250 to 500 μg/mL for Staphylococcus epidermidis, having greater activity the hydroalcoholic extract of Piper lineatum Ruiz & Pav. Phytoc...

In this study, was investigated the antistaphylococcal activity in vitro of ethanol and hydroalcoholic extracts of 3 peruvian medicinal plants: Juglans neotropica Diels (bark), Piper lineatum Ruiz & Pav. (leaves) and Terminalia catappa L. (leaves). The species were collected in the regions of Amazonas and Cajamarca, in Peru. Antistaphylococcal activity was assessed by microdilution method. The organisms used were bacteria Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228. All extracts investigated showed significant activity against both bacteria with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 125 to 500 μg/mL for Staphylococcus aureus, with increased activity of the ethanol extract of Juglans neotropica Diels, and of 250 to 500 μg/mL for Staphylococcus epidermidis, having greater activity the hydroalcoholic extract of Piper lineatum Ruiz & Pav. Phytoc...