The objective of the study was to find evidence of the learning of spatial maps of albino mice in the three-dimensional space of a spatial learning and memory maze. Until now, both the discoverers of internal GPS (John O'Keefe, May-Britt Moser and Edvard Moser) and the learning theorists, including Edward Tolman and Charles Osgood, always carried out their studies on the plane and therefore on horizontal axes, Therefore, according to the objective, an observation instrument called Ascending Helical Maze (LHA) was designed with two components: LHA-A and LHA-B. By a simple experimental design (Fraisse, 1972) learning by instrumental conditioning in the LHA was observed, A: reinforced counterclockwise direction and B: unreinforced clockwise direction. Based on the results obtained, we conclude: 1) The LHA is a reliable and valid laboratory instrument according to the baseline established in...

In genetic psychology of J. Piaget, the mental image marks the beginning of representational figural cognitive functions (2-7 years) with B. Inhelder studied the breeding space images within which the most elementary are the static and kinetic. We assume that they are involved in executive intelligence. Here our intention to explore in subjects with mild to moderate mental retardation who do not reach the operative domain representation. For this purpose we apply the Scale Executive Borelli- Oléron, which the reformulated in terms of constructs of static and kinetic images. The results were that subjects with mild mental retardation yielded more static images and even more in the kinetics compared to the moderates.

In genetic psychology of J. Piaget, the mental image marks the beginning of representational figural cognitive functions (2-7 years) with B. Inhelder studied the breeding space images within which the most elementary are the static and kinetic. We assume that they are involved in executive intelligence. Here our intention to explore in subjects with mild to moderate mental retardation who do not reach the operative domain representation. For this purpose we apply the Scale Executive Borelli- Oléron, which the reformulated in terms of constructs of static and kinetic images. The results were that subjects with mild mental retardation yielded more static images and even more in the kinetics compared to the moderates.

El presente trabajo tiene como hipótesis teórica que la inteligencia ejecutiva implica los mecanismos psicológicos de la imagen mental que cumplen la función de integrar los índices perceptivos de los objetos en una identidad permanente a pesar de los cambios espacio-temporales, lo que pone en condiciones al sujeto de reproducir figuralmente (sea por gestos, movimientos del cuerpo, y por el dibujo y el juego) un significante simbólicodel objeto de carácter espacial (Piaget et Inhelder, 1966). En el período pre-concreto del desarrollo cognitivo las imágenes son dominantemente reproductoras estáticas y en el período concreto se suman las cinéticas reproductoras. ¿Estos procesos se dan incluso en el retardo mental leve y moderado? Para aproximarnos a la comprobación de la hipótesis, aplicamos la Escala Ejecutiva Borelli-Oléron (Borelli y Oléron, 1964/1995) a sujetos de 12 a...

Objective: To know the representation the citizenship and the confidence of the democracy according to the educative level in young people of 1823 years of Lima Metropolitan. DESIGN: Comparative cross-sectional. The population was confirmed by young people between 18 to 24 years students of the last secondary level of trainings and last academic cycles of two national universities, with a no probabilistic sampling of intentional type. MATERIAL And METHODS: The used instruments were the technique of the Focus Groups for the representation of the citizenship and the Scale Rating for the confidence in the democratic institutions. RESULTS: The analysis of the results was by means of percentage calculations with respect to the indicators of the citizen representation: finding difference between the students of secondary and the college students, in the first DNI it is the representation of ci...

OBJETIVO: Conocer la representación de la ciudadanía y la confianza de la democracia según el nivel educativo en jóvenes de 18 a 23 años de Lima Metropolitana. DISEÑO: Comparativo transversal. La población estuvo conformada por jóvenes entre 18 a 24 años estudiantes de los últimos grados de instrucción secundaria y últimos ciclos académicos de dos universidades nacionales, con un muestreo de tipo intencional no probabilística. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Los instrumentos utilizados fueron la técnica del Focus Groups para la representación de la ciudadanía y el Rating 5cale para la confianza en las instituciones democráticas. RESULTADOS: El análisis de los resultados fue mediante cálculos porcentuales respecto a los indicadores de la representación ciudadana: encontrando diferencia entre los estudiantes de secundaria y los universitarios, en los primeros el DNI es la represe...

The present investigation has as purpose to explore the attitudes toward the preservation of the environment with a representative sample of university students from Lima and Callao. For that which you builds an instrument of mensuration of the PEQI (Index of the Perceived Environmental Quality whose name original is PERCEIVED ENVIROMENTAL QUALITY INDICES) that when having fulfilled the steps and necessary procedures for its validity and dependability. According to the results of the estimate of the index PEQI we can conclude that the university students in Metropolitan Lima and Callao have a perception with positive tendency on the environment.

La presente investigación tiene como propósito explorar las actitudes hacia la preservación del medio ambiente con una muestra representativa de estudiantes universitarios de Lima y Callao. Para lo cual se construyo un instrumento de medición del PEQI (Índice de la Calidad Ambiental Percibida cuyo nombre original es PERCEIVED ENVIROMENTAL QUALITY INDICES) que al haber cumplido con los pasos y procedimientos necesarios para su validez y confiabilidad. De acuerdo a los resultados de la estimación del índice PEQI podemos concluir que los estudiantes universitarios en Lima Metropolitana y Callao tienen una percepción con tendencia positiva sobre el medio ambiente.