Fifteen Holtzman male rats weighing 250 to 275 g were distributed in four groups. Group 1 was subcutaneously injected with 5% NaHCO3 (n=20). Groups 2, 3 and 4 received 15 mg/kg of indomethacin subcutaneously (n=10 rats/group). Macroscopic and microscopic evaluation of small intestine (jejunum-ileum) were carried out at first, second and third day after drug administration. Intestinal injury were observed along the mesenteric side of the middle and distal jejunum. Macroscopic lesions consisted of bowel thickening and dilatation, absence of the mucosa, hyperemia and multiple longitudinal and round ulcers. These lesions were observed at 24 h after drug injection and were present by 72 h. There were no statistical differences (p>0.05) between groups 2, 3 and 4, relating to gross lesions. Microscopically, lesions were characterized by erosion of the mucosa, fibrinous and bacterial infiltra...

Se reprodujo un modelo experimental de enteritis aguda con una dosis subletal de indometacina en ratas albinas para caracterizar las lesiones macro y microscópicas en el yeyuno-íleon. Se utilizaron 50 ratas machos Holtzman, con un peso de 250-275 g distribuidas en 4 lotes. El lote 1 (control, n=20) recibió una inyección subcutánea de NaHCO3 al 5% y a los lotes 2, 3 y 4 (n=10 ratas/lote) se les aplicó indometacina (15 mg/kg de peso vivo), vía subcutánea. La evaluación macro y microscópica del intestino delgado (yeyunoíleon) se hizo el primer, segundo y tercer día de inyectada la droga. Las lesiones intestinales se ubicaron en el lado mesentérico del yeyuno medio y distal. Macroscópicamente se observó engrosamiento y dilatación de la pared intestinal, pérdida de la mucosa, hiperemia y múltiples úlceras lineales y circulares, que fueron evidentes dentro de las primeras 24...

This work has been developed with the funding from Cienciactiva, an initiative of the National Council for Science, Technology and Technological Innovation (CONCYTEC) contract 239-2015-FONDECYT. In addition, this work was also supported by the French ANR grant ANR-15-CE29-0001. We express our thanks to Dr. J. Bignon (ICSN) for performing the cytotoxic assays. We also thank K. Leblanc (BioCIS) for her assistance in the preparative HPLC purifications. We are grateful to Dr. M. Wang, Prof. P. Dorrestein, and Prof. N. Bandeira (University of California, San Diego) for developing and making public the GNPS platform.

En el presente trabajo de investigación se utilizó el método de la ruta crítica en donde se calculó el tiempo de finalización del proyecto y la ruta crítica de un proyecto de inversión para la instalación de una planta de conservas de anchoveta. El objetivo es determinar las reducciones del tiempo de finalización del proyecto de inversión para minimizar el costo adicional por reducción. El tiempo de finalización del proyecto determinado es de 96 días, las actividades no críticas está conformada por los trabajos preliminares, instalaciones sanitarias, instalaciones eléctricas e instalación de máquinas, es decir tienen holgura para demorar en iniciar, el resto de actividades conforman la ruta crítica.Se construyó un modelo de programación lineal y la solución redujo el tiempo de finalización del proyecto hasta 55 días con un costo adicional por reducción de S/. 47...

En todo proyecto se debe calcular la tasa de descuento para hacer la evaluación económica y financiera. Para ello, se determina el costo de oportunidad que contiene, en el modelo de precios de los activos de capital (CAPM), el coeficiente β, el cual es difícil de encontrar en las bases de datos. La importancia del presente trabajo radica, precisamente, en determinar el valor del coeficiente β como una medida del riesgo sistemático en la empresa Austral Group. Para ello, se ha utilizado el precio de las acciones de la empresa Austral Group y el Índice General y Selectivo de la Bolsa de Valores de Lima. Esta acción ha permitido precisar que su valor está entre 1,2557 y 1,4344 y que, por tanto, el precio de la acción de la empresa es altamente sensible a los movimientos de mercado.

This research aims to study and conduct assessment of !he speed up of corrosion of aluminum alloys used far domestic as well as !he influence of corrosive agents present to make use of these domestic articles in means of different pHs. To study three means were chosen: Acid mean (solution of Acetic ac id pH = 4.8), Basic mean (solution of sodium hydroxide pH = 9 .5) and Saline mean (solution of sodium chloride pH = 7.8) and tour types of aluminum alloys far use common: FAM or 1100 alloy as standardized pattern sample, R-1, R-2 and R-3 as samples of recycled aluminum. The tests showed that FAM is the most resistant material to the three aggressive means and it is the material with a lower content of impurities , R-3 is !he most attacked and is the material with the highest percentage of impurities. The most aggressive mean corresponds to the Saline mean and it is precisely !he most used m...

La presente investigación tiene como objetivo realizar estudio y evaluación de la velocidad de corrosión de las aleaciones de aluminio para uso doméstico, así como la influencia de agentes corrosivos presentes al hacer uso de estos artículos domésticos en medios de diferentes pHs. Para los efectos de estudio se eligieron tres medios agresivos : medio ácido (solución de ácido acético pH = 4,8), medio básico (solución de hidróxido de sodio pH = 9,5) y medio salino (solución de cloruro de sodio pH = 7,8); y cuatro tipos de aleaciones de aluminio para uso común: FAM o aleación 1100 como muestra patrón estandarizada , R-1, R-2 y R-3 como muestras de aleaciones de aluminio reciclado . Los ensayos demostraron que FAM es el material más resistente a los tres medios agresivos y es pre­ cisamente el material con menor contenido de impurezas, R-3 es el más atacado y de mayor po...

The aim of this study was to determine the phenotypic correlations between bodyweight (PV) and the biometric measurements of 90 Creole cattle, of both sexes and diverse ages, from the Conayca Community in Huancavelica, Peru, to define prediction equations of PV. Head width (AC), head length (LC), chest width (ATO), chest height (ALT), body length (LCU), chest perimeter (PT), height at the withers (ACR), rump width (AGR), rump length (LGR), anterior fetlock perimeter (PCA), lumbar back distance (DDL), rump height (ALG), chest length (LTO), body length (LAC) and abdominal perimeter (PAB) were measured. The observations were analysed using linear models, including the effect of sex and age based on teeth growth. The biometric measurements were adjusted in a first order multiple linear regression to obtain the prediction equations of PV of the animals. Dental age was the most important sourc...

The aim of this study was to determine the phenotypic correlations between bodyweight (PV) and the biometric measurements of 90 Creole cattle, of both sexes and diverse ages, from the Conayca Community in Huancavelica, Peru, to define prediction equations of PV. Head width (AC), head length (LC), chest width (ATO), chest height (ALT), body length (LCU), chest perimeter (PT), height at the withers (ACR), rump width (AGR), rump length (LGR), anterior fetlock perimeter (PCA), lumbar back distance (DDL), rump height (ALG), chest length (LTO), body length (LAC) and abdominal perimeter (PAB) were measured. The observations were analysed using linear models, including the effect of sex and age based on teeth growth. The biometric measurements were adjusted in a first order multiple linear regression to obtain the prediction equations of PV of the animals. Dental age was the most important sourc...

During the austral winter (June–August) of 2021, the meteorological services of Brazil, Argentina, Peru, Paraguay, Bolivia, and Chile all issued forecasts for unusually cold conditions. Record-low minimum temperatures and cold spells were documented, including one strong cold wave episode that affected 5 countries. In this study, we define a cold wave as a period in which daily maximum and minimum air temperatures are below the corresponding climatological 10th percentile for three or more consecutive days. The intense cold wave event in the last week of June, 2021, resulted in record-breaking minimum daily temperatures in several places in central South America and Chile. Several locations had temperatures about 10 °C below average, central South America had freezing conditions, and southern Brazil even saw snow. The cold air surge was characterized by an intense upper-air trough loc...

Heavy rainfall events were observed in January along the dry southern coast of Peru, resulting in some locations breaking precipitation records of more than 30 years. Heavy rainfall during February led to 42 landslides across Peru and, by the end of summer, 77 people were reported dead, 165 wounded, and 3285 affected. More than 2600 homes were destroyed by floods and landslides. In the Bolivian Andes, an intense rainfall event triggered flash floods when 55 mm fell in Cochabamba on 20 February. This was Cochabamba’s fourth-highest daily precipitation on record and produced 2019’s biggest flood on the Rocha River.

The 2022 mean temperature for central South America was 0.23°C above the 1991–2020 average (Fig. 7.13). Much of the region had near- to above-average mean annual temperatures (Fig. 7.11). Seasonally, during December–February, much of the northern half of Brazil and some areas in northwestern Peru and southwestern Bolivia had near- to below-average temperatures. Meanwhile, the rest of region had near- to above-average conditions. During boreal autumn (March–May), most of the region experienced near- to above-average temperatures, with southern Peru and southwestern Bolivia observing below-average temperatures. Above-average temperatures also encompassed much of the region during boreal winter (June–August), with some locations experiencing mean temperature anomalies that were +2°C or higher. Parts of southern Peru continued to experience near- to below-average conditions during ...