The central South America region includes Brazil, Peru, Paraguay, and Bolivia. The 2016 climate conditions were characterized by extreme high temperatures and below-average precipitation in the Amazon and Andean regions, while above-average precipitation was observed in northern Peru and northeastern Paraguay.

The central South America region includes Brazil, Peru, Paraguay, and Bolivia.

Heavy rainfall events were observed in January along the dry southern coast of Peru, resulting in some locations breaking precipitation records of more than 30 years. Heavy rainfall during February led to 42 landslides across Peru and, by the end of summer, 77 people were reported dead, 165 wounded, and 3285 affected. More than 2600 homes were destroyed by floods and landslides. In the Bolivian Andes, an intense rainfall event triggered flash floods when 55 mm fell in Cochabamba on 20 February. This was Cochabamba’s fourth-highest daily precipitation on record and produced 2019’s biggest flood on the Rocha River.

The 2022 mean temperature for central South America was 0.23°C above the 1991–2020 average (Fig. 7.13). Much of the region had near- to above-average mean annual temperatures (Fig. 7.11). Seasonally, during December–February, much of the northern half of Brazil and some areas in northwestern Peru and southwestern Bolivia had near- to below-average temperatures. Meanwhile, the rest of region had near- to above-average conditions. During boreal autumn (March–May), most of the region experienced near- to above-average temperatures, with southern Peru and southwestern Bolivia observing below-average temperatures. Above-average temperatures also encompassed much of the region during boreal winter (June–August), with some locations experiencing mean temperature anomalies that were +2°C or higher. Parts of southern Peru continued to experience near- to below-average conditions during ...