Objetivo. Conocer la prevalencia de las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles en relación con los diferentes niveles de altitud. Material y métodos. El estudio se hizo en 4 192 personas mayores de 20 años, de ambos sexos. Se estratificó al país en tres niveles de altitud: nivel I, por debajo de 1 000 msnm (n = 2 425); nivel II, de 1 000 a 2 999 msnm (n = 808) y nivel III, más de 3 000 msnm (n = 959). Las categorías nutricionales se definieron utilizando el índice de masa corporal (IMC) y el patrón de referencia de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS), con los siguientes criterios diagnósticos: de 20 a 24,9 kg/m2; de 25 a 29,9 kg/m2 y de 30 kg/m2 a más, para definir normalidad, sobrepeso y obesidad, respectivamente; y la de James W, Ferro-Luzzi y Waterloo de 18,4 a 19,9 y menos de 18,4 kg/m2 , para identificar bajo peso y deficiencia crónicaenergética, respectivamente...

Objetivo. Evaluar la relación entre el estado nutricional del adulto y la prevalencia de factores de riesgo cardiovascular (hiperglicemia, dislipidemia e hipertensión arterial).Material y métodos. Se estudió 4 091 personas mayores de 20 años a nivel de todo el Perú mediante un muestreo por conglomerado trietápico. La información fue tomada de la Encuesta Nacional de Indicadores Nutricionales, Bioquímicos, Socioeconómicos y Culturales relacionados con las enfermedades crónicas degenerativas realizada por el Centro Nacional de Alimentación y Nutrición (Cenan), Instituto Nacional de Salud, Ministerio de Salud, el año 2005. Se calculó el índice de masa corporal (IMC). Se realizaron exámenes bioquímicos:colesterol total (CT), triglicéridos (TG), colesterol-HDL (C-HDL), colesterol-LDL (C-LDL) y glicemia. Asimismo, se les tomó la presión arterial. El IMC fue categorizado en...

Maternal nutritional assessment is essential for diagnosis and treatment. Internationally accepted evaluation in children, adolescents and adults is by the body mass index (BMI) (weight in kilograms divided by the square of his height in meters). It is necessary to be aware of the reference pattern used. Independently, studies in pregnant and non-pregnant women find the main problems are overweight and obesity. Treatment of this burden is to reduce weight, but obtaining the goal is extremely difficult due to the short time involved and pregnant women’s belief that it could be risky to her pregnancy and child. It is suggested that treatment should consist in general recommendations to reduce food ingestion and aim for a healthy nutrition and some physical activity.

Objetivo: Determinar la asociación entre la altitud de residencia y desnutrición crónica (DC) y obesidad, en niños peruanos menores de cinco años de edad. Materiales y métodos: Análisis secundario del Monitoreo Nacional de Indicadores Nutricionales (2007-2010). Se definió a la DC como la razón talla/edad < a 2DE, a la obesidad como la razón peso/talla > 2DE y a la pobreza como la presencia de una o más necesidades básicas insatisfechas. Se consideró al valor de 2 500 m de altitud como punto de corte. Resultados: Se incluyeron 3 845 niños. Por debajo de 2 500 m de altitud, la DC fue más frecuente en niños mayores de 24 meses (13,3%)  y en los pobres (20,5%), la obesidad fue mayor en los niños de 24 meses a menos (11,1%) y en los no pobres (8,5%). A una altitud ≥ 2 500 m, la DC predominó en niños mayores de 24 meses (32,5%) y en los pobres (35,8%). La obesidad f...

Studies were made on 3593 persons of both sexes and over 20 years old. 67% belonged to íemale sex and 339ó to male sex. Information on weight and height wascollected. For lts analysis, the Quetelet Index (P/f2) was used, as wellasJames et. al. classification and E. Jequier's for deficit and excess respectively. In the overall country study it was found 6.3% with low weight, 3% with different levels oí chronical energetic defficiency (CED), 56.9% within the normal range and 33.9% with obesity in different ranges. The íemale sex presents higher prevalence oí ced and obesity. Highlands and jungle present higher prevalence oí CED and lesser obesity. Snme occurs with persons over 60 years. In studies carried in Metropolitan Lima, we can observe that with respect to women, height averages hnve not vnried in comparison to the study made in 1975. On the other slde the diíerence in the nut...

Objectives: To determine and compare the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its components in Peruvian population living below1000 m and over 3000 m. Design: Data analysis of Encuesta Nacional de Indicadores Nutricionales, Bioquimicos, Socioeconomicosy Culturales Relacionados a las Enfermedades Cronicas Degenerativas 2006. Setting: Instituto Nacional de Salud Centro Nacional deAlimentacion y Nutricion, Ministerio de Salud, Lima, Perú. Participants: Subjects 20 year-old and above. Methods: We included 3384participants aged 20 year-old and above, 2425 living below 1000 m (level-1) and 959 over 3000 m (level-2). Metabolic syndrome wasdefined according to the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP III) criteria. Main outcomemeasures: Metabolic syndrome and components prevalence. Results: Prevalence of metabolic syndrome was significantly higherin level-...

Introduction. Waist circumference is an important anthropometric measure in the study of obesity, but there is no reference from a national population. Objective. To present a smoothed reference percentile and to show some characteristics of variables studied. Design. Descriptive, observational, cross-sectional study. Participants. Teenagers. Interventions. Waist circumference was measured in 8 236 adolescents aged 14 to 19 years old. Main outcome measures. Averages, standard deviation and prevalence of cardiovascular risk. Results. A national reference of waist circumference values is presented and the value corresponding to the 90 percentile is taken as cutoff level to identify adolescents with cardiovascular risk. Of the population studied, 12% were at risk. Those presenting higher risk were the male adolescents (12.1%), those living in urban areas (15.9%), in the Southern Coast (27.1...

Introduction: Chronic non-communicable diseases are a public health problem. Objective: To determine the prevalence of chronic non-communicable diseases (NCD) in the elderly population and its association with Methods: adedumolts agragephd ic≥6fa0cyetoars. rs. The prevalenCross-sece of catiortenriaall hstuypedy rtefronm sioan, sedicaonbedates ry melsoulirctues, obe(ENIN si 2ty, 00me5), tabowhliicch isynncldroudemed  and dyslipidemia was estimated. Likewise, the association to demographic variables was determined (sex, age group, altitude of residence and area) through the prevalence ratio (PR) obtained by generalized linear models. Results: The sample was 620 AM, where three out of four presents at least one chronic non-communicable diseases. A prevalence of hypertension (36.3%), metabolic syndrome (31.0%), obesity (8.4%), diabetes mellitus (6.0%), low HDL-C (47.3%), hypertriglyce...

Introduction. Our country’s transition is the non-westernized type, because problems that have not been solved persist (nutritional deficiencies) along with emerging problems (overweight and obesity). Objective. To describe the presence of coexisting chronic malnutrition (CM) with obesity (O), nutritional anemia (NA) and vitamin A deficiency (VAD) and obesity (O) with NA and VAD in children under the age of 5. Design. Secondary analysis of the MONIN 2007-2010 survey. Setting. National study. Participants. Children under the age of 5. Interventions. A total of 3 764 children were weighed and measured. Hemoglobin dosage was obtained in 2 808 children, serum retinol in 1 524. Hb below 11 g / dL was diagnosed as NA. Correction by altitude was taken into account. The cutoff for VAD was serum retinol <20 ug/dL. The relation of CM and O with height/age ratio and weight/height, with cutting...

In the 21st century, the world is undergoing a series of changes known as transitional, which are reflected in the economic, demographic, epidemiological, environmental and even nutritional fields. This dynamic is given with some diversity in countries where in some countries it has already been installed for many years, while in others, such as ours, its presence occurs in large urban areas and to a lesser extent in rural areas.

Obesity is a chronic disease presenting in all population groups and with a tendency to a time-driven increase. The highest prevalence occurs in the adult population followed by the school, pre-school and adolescent group. Those living in urban areas, women and those not considered as poor are the most affected. Obesity is already present throughout the world and has been declared the epidemic of the 21st century. Its presence is related to diseases such as diabetes mellitus 2, hypertension, dyslipidemias and some types of cancer. Complications such as insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome are already present in adolescents. Factors that condition changes in lifestyles (dietary patterns and sedentary lifestyle) are increasingly prevalent and with a trend for more presence in the future, which makes the obesity panorama look bleak. Despite all the recommendations made by international...

Introduction. Vitamin D deficiency is considered a public health problem in other countries. Has been reported that this deficiency is related to the risk of developing metabolic diseases. Methods. Study descriptive, crosssectional design in 110 adult women of Lima Metropolitana. The Body Mass Index (MBI) was calculated to define the nutritional status. Blood levels of insulin, glucose, lipid profile and 25 (OH) D (vitamin D) were determined. It was calculated Homeostatic Model of Assessment Index (HOMA-I). Was calculated and to define insulin resistance (IR) a HOMA-I ≥ 2,7. For the deficiency of 25 (OH)-D, the cut-off point was 30 ng/mL for the intake of vitamin D a frequency of consumption was used. The identification of dyslipidemias was made as recommended by the Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program Results. In patients with vitamin D deficiency, the average a...

Introduction. Obesity is considered a public health problem. Its presence at an early age implies an obligation to identify the onset of complications such as insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus (DM). Methods. Observational, descriptive and transversal study. Participated 1206 teenage women. Obesity was defined with BMI values ≥95p according WHO. Serum levels of insulin, glucose and lipid profile were determined. T≥≤h e43 0,H1 m6o mgto/ed odLse,t fahinsigiesh i MnCso-uLdlDeinlL o r≥ef sA 1iss3tsa0en smcmege (/n Rdt IIL)n. daFneodxr (hdHyyOpsleMiptrAiidg-eIl)ym cwieaarssid: uehsmyepidae, r≥ucsh 1ion3lge0 s tmhteegr o/MdleaLmt.t hTiaeh we≥ so 2be0qe0su eam ttigeo/endn wLa,ig tlheo rwtsh ewH viDtahLl u-RCeI underwent an oral glucose tolerance test (PTG): glycemia of 140 to 199 mg / dL intolerant to glucose and ≥ 200 mg/dL as diabetic. Results 25,1% (303) of the population...

Introduction. Obesity is a public health problem; the objective of the present study was to determine the national prevalence and distribution of overweight (S), obesity (O) and abdominal obesity (OA), in Peru. Methods. An observational study was conducted through the analysis of the National Household Survey 2012-2013 in which 20488 adults were evaluated. The nutritional diagno≥sis was determined considering the thWeHO eva boluatidy maon oss if OndeA thx: 1e 8wa,5ist toc 2i4rc,9u nmfeo rermalnc, 2e 5≥ to 10 <32 c0 ovem for merweighn at, and nd ≥ 88 to c 3m fo0 kg/m2r wo omebensi waty. Ls ciokensiwidesere, fod.r Results. The national prevalence of overweight was 40,5% and obesity 19,7%, with a total of 60,2% of adult population with excess weight. 23,4% of O were women and 15,7% were men; OA in women was 51,2% and 14,8% in men. The departments with the highest prevalence of exce...

Introduction: Obesity is a chronic disease, which is considered as a public health problem. It affects a large number of people and requires governmental policies that encourage this situation. Objective: To determine the variations in the frequencies of non-morbid obesity (NMO) and morbid obesity (MO) according with different national surveys, and in function of socio-demographic variables. Methods: A descriptive study with data of five national surveys: Nutritional Evaluation of the Peruvian Population (ENPPE 1975), National Survey of Nutritional, Biochemical, Socio-economic and Cultural Indicators (CENAN 2005), National Household Survey (ENAHO 2009-2010) and National Household Survey (ENAHO 2012-2013). NMO was identified by a BMI of 30 to 39.99 kg/m2 and MO was defined by a BMI equal to or greater than 40 kg/m2. Results: The frequency of NMO has...

Introduction. Childhood obesity is a Public Health problem in our country; instead of that, the situation of population aged between 10-19 years-old has been poorly studied. Objective. To determine the prevalence of obesity and severe obesity in Peruvian adolescents. Methods. A secondary study of data from the National Household Survey 2009-2010. The Body Mass In ≥ dex (BMI) was used to define obesity as a BMI value 95 percentile. Severe obesity (SO) was defined using two criteria, BMI ≥ 99 p and 120% of the value corresponding to 95p of BMI. Results. 7,6% presented obesity, and 2,4 and 1,4% were diagnosed with SO according to the mentioned criteria. The highest prevalence of SO was evidenced in men (3% vs. 1,8%), age group of 10 to 14 years-old (3,4% vs. 2%), people who are living in Lima Metropolitana (4,2% vs. 2,4%), or in a urban area (3,2% vs. ...

Objective. To determine in the adult population of Peru, the characteristics of abdominal obesity and its relationship with different levels of geographic altitude, according to gender, age groups, nutritional status, and area of residence. Methods. A descriptive study was carried out based on secondary sources: National Household Survey (ENAHO 2012-2013) of the National Institute of Statistics and Informatics (INEI) and Ministry of Health Lima, Peru. Abdominal obesity was identified by waist circumference and waist / height ratio. The altitude was stratified into 3 levels: <1000 meters above sea level, from 1000 to 2999 meters above sea level, and ≥ 3000 m.a.s.l. Results. The highest prevalence of abdominal obesity was found in the female gender (48,2% - 87,4%), in the age group from 40 to 59 years (38,4% - 89,5%), in the obese (85,9% - 99,9%), an...

Objective. To determine the cardiovascular risk factors in overweight schoolchildren and to measure their association with sociodemographic variables. Methods: Cross-sectional, analytical study. 2001 female schoolchildren from 6 to 17 years of age from an Educational Center in Metropolitan Lima were surveyed. The Body Mass Index was used for the diagnosis of excess weight (overweight between 85 and 95p and obesity ≥ 95p) and the Waist Circumference for abdominal obesity (≥ 90p). HOMA-I for insulin resistance (≥ 3,16) and for lipid abnormalities: total cholesterol (≥ 200 mg / dL), low HDL-C (≤ 40 mg/dL), high LDL-C (≥ 130 mg / dL), non-HDL C (≥ 145 mg / dL) and triglycerides (≥ 100 and 130 mg / dL) for girls younger than 9 and 10 to 19 years old, respectively. Results: Excess weight occurred mainly in schoolgirls aged 10 to 17 years,...

Objective. To describe the level of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and free plasma thyroxine (FT4) in school students with overweight and obesity; also determine the association between TSH and cardiovascular risk factors. Methods. 96 women schoolchildren, between 7 to 17 years old, euthyroid, were studied. Overweight BMI was defined as 85 to <95p and obesity ≥95p. Glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, high and low density cholesterol, TSH and FT4 were determined. To define the subgroups, a value of 75p of TSH was chosen. Results. Anthropometric variables and TSH was significantly higher among obese women, however, biochemical variables did not differ between groups. Those who were overweight and had a TSH> 75p had significantly higher waist circumference (WC) measurements, compared to the TSH <75p group, with no difference in th...

Introduction: Severe obesity (SO) has been studied very little in Peru. Objective: To determine the prevalence of SO according to two diagnostic criteria and its relationship to socio-demographic and cardiovascular risk factors in the child population. Methods: BMI was used, defining as obesity at a value ≥ ≥ at 95p and SO at: ≥ 99p and ≥ 120% of 95p, respectively (n=2001). For dyslipidemias the following: hypercholesterolemia 200 mg/dL, C-HDL under ≤ 40 mg/dL, C non HDL high ≥ 145 mg/dL, High C-LDL ≥ 130 mg/dL and hypertriglyceridemia for children under 9 ≥ to 100 mg/dL and 10 to 19 years ≥ 130 mg/dL and insulin resistance (RI) with a HOMA-I ≥3.16 (n=344). Results: 31,5% were obese. 12,8% SO with the first criterion and 7,7% with the second criterion. In both SO criteria it had association with age groups (OR: 0,55 IC 0,4-0,89) and (OR: 0,62 IC 0,43-0,89). Alteration...