The scientific study of stress presents serious conceptual and methodological limitations. The theory and concepts of allostasis and allostasis load allowed a new integrative framework of the concept of chronic stress, that identifies the brain as the mediator of the interactions among the central nervous system and immune system in the development of disease. We examined the negative impact of chronic stress and the perceived emotional distress on illness. Our research on the Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) serves as an illustration of psychological and neurobiological outcomes; and how this therapeutic approach facilitates the reduction of perceived emotional distress in cancer patients and their caregivers.

The scientific study of stress presents serious conceptual and methodological limitations. The theory and concepts of allostasis and allostasis load allowed a new integrative framework of the concept of chronic stress, that identifies the brain as the mediator of the interactions among the central nervous system and immune system in the development of disease. We examined the negative impact of chronic stress and the perceived emotional distress on illness. Our research on the Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) serves as an illustration of psychological and neurobiological outcomes; and how this therapeutic approach facilitates the reduction of perceived emotional distress in cancer patients and their caregivers.

El propósito del estudio es reportar evidencias de la validez de constructo y confiabilidad de un nuevo instrumento de autorreporte para medir mindfulness y ecuanimidad en una población de habla hispana. Una lista de 26 ítems originales fue examinada por 17 expertos de España y Latinoamérica y se realizaron las modificaciones correspondientes sobre la base de sus comentarios. La lista final de 21 ítems fue administrada a una muestra de 746 estudiantes universitarios de México y Perú. Sus respuestas fueron analizadas factorialmente sobre la base del método de los mínimos cuadrados no ponderados (MCP) con rotaciones promin. Se identificaron dos factores denominados mindless y mindful con cargas factoriales que varían entre .36 y .65. Los coeficientes de confiabiliadad fueron de .78 para el primer factor y .82 para el segundo factor. La correlación interfactorial fue de -.51. Lo...

Los estudios científicos de las emociones han demostrado concluyentemente una robusta relación causal entre eventos estresantes de la vida diaria y la depresión clínica. El marco conceptual del presente estudio toma en consideración los marcos teóricos de Alex Zautra y de Susan Folkman acerca de la co-existencia de emociones positivas y negativas en el proceso de estrés y depresión. El propósito de este estudio es reportar el análisis de ítems y la vali-dez convergente del Inventario Multicultural de la Depresión, Estado-Rasgo (IMUDER). En base a una muestra multicultural, se realizó los análisis psicométricos en base al coefi-ciente de correlación de Pearson, a fin de determinar la validez convergente. Los resultados de dichos análisis realizados en forma separada para la escala estado y para la escala rasgo, nos indican un elevado nivel de asociación y validez converg...

Current research in the field of emotions has demonstrated a strong causal correlation between stressful life events and clinical depression. The conceptual framework of this scientific study is taking into consideration the theoretical ideas developed by the laboratories of Alex Zautra, and Susan Folkman about the co-existence of positive and negative emotions during the experience of stress and depression. The principal purpose of this study is to report the convergent validity of the Multicultural State-Trait Depression Inventory, which supports the new direction in the psychometric assessment of clinical depression. Responses to the items of the state and trait scales were analyzed on a multicultural sample to determine the convergent validity and item analysis of the instrument. The results present empirical evidence that demonstrates a high degree of concurrent validity of ...

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the factor structure of the Emotional Distress Inven-tory (EDI) in a sample of 238 cancer patients. The conceptual framework that guided the development of the EDI, factor structure, internal consistency, and convergent validity are reported. Emotional distress items were developed and administered to cancer patients who initiated chemotherapy and/or radiation treatments at Morton Plant Hospital Cancer Center in Clearwater, Florida, USA. Item responses were examined by factor analyses of principal components with promax rotations. The EDI presents three subscales that assess anxiety/depression, hopelessness, and anger expression as components of emotional distress. We also discuss the important implications of these subscales, particularly the inclusion of anger expression and hopelessness in the assessment of emotional distress in cancer ...

The purpose of this article is to focus on unique issues that are encountered in the crosscultural adaptation of measures of emotions. We take into consideration the cross-cultural equivalence of the concept of emotion, and how cultural differences influence the meaning of words that are utilized to describe these concepts. The critical need to take the state-trait distinction into account in adapting measures of emotional states and personality traits is then discussed. The effects of language and culture in adapting measures of the experience, expression, and control of anger in Latin-America are also reviewed. The construction of the Latin American Multicultural State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory is described.

This article reviews research and professional trends in the field of health psychology and behavioral medicine. I also discuss recent research on stress, immune system, behavioral change and health promotion. An increasing focus on the human immunodeficiencyvirus (HN/AIDS) is very important given the Rde of health psychology in terms of prevencing further spread of the epidemic and in maintaining a good qualiry of life. I examined psychosocial and immune system stress responses in individuals before and after their nocification of HN status andas a consequence of stress management intervention procedures. Psychological and social factors in the development of illness are considered.

This article presents an analysis of the pro active social behavior construct based on the sociallearning theory. Self efficacy is briefly reviewed and discussed in the context of Bandura' s conceptual work. Reference is made to cognitive variables such as values and beliefs, as fundamental principies in the development of the pro active social behavior. I examine che distinctions between fears of failure, success, and rejection as they relate to the process of self sabotage. Comments are made on the transformation of meaning and its benefits on fear extinction. Finally, I briefly describe the principies of the associative neurophysiological conditioning as a therapeutic program for the management of emocional states by the individual.

The purpose of this study is to report evidence of construct validity and reliability of a new self-report instrument that measures mindfulness and equanimity in a Spanish speaking population. An initial pool of 26 items was evaluated by 17 experts from Spain and Latin America and modified on the basis of their comments. The resulting list of 21 items was administered to 746 university students in Mexico and Peru. Their responses were analyzed using Unweighted Least Squares (ULS) with promin rotations. Two factors were identified, mindless and mindful, with factor loadings ranging from .36 to .65. The reliability coefficients for the first and second factors were .78, and .82 respectively. The inter-factors correlation was -.51. The results indicate clear evidence of convergent and discriminative validity.

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El propósito de este artículo fue presentar la construcción del inventario multicultural de la depresión, estado-rasgo (Imuder).Tomando en consideración el marco teórico de Susan Folkman acerca de la coexistencia de emociones positivas y negativas en el proceso de estrés severo y depresión, se procedió a la elaboración de ítems caracterizando estados y rasgos de emociones que expresan la presencia o ausencia de depresión. En base a una muestra multicultural con participantes de diversos países latinoamericanos, se realizó el análisis factorial de componentes principales con rotaciones promax, a fin de determinar la validez de constructo y la consistencia interna del instrumento.

En el presente artículo se hace una revisión del concepto de estrés crónico desde una perspectiva psiconeuroinmunólogica. Se examina un extenso número de estudios multidisciplinarios que demuestran las interacciones entre el cerebro y los sistemas nervioso, endocrino e inmune en el desarrollo de enfermedades. Se presenta una nueva visión acerca del estrés y se hacen las distinciones correspondientes en relación con la respuesta fisiológica, emocional, comportamental y estilo de vida del individuo. Se examina el impacto negativo del estrés crónico con un énfasis especial en la enfermedad del cáncer, y finalmente se hace referencia al programa de la Terapia Cognitiva Centrada en Mindfulness (TCCM) como una forma de intervención biopsicosocial promisoria para contrarrestar los efectos nocivos del estrés crónico.

Presentamos un análisis de las limitaciones metodológicas del estudio del estrés y del concepto de homeostasis. También, se describe un nuevo modelo acerca del estrés crónico, allostasis y carga allostática, que explica las interacciones entre el cerebro y los sistemas nervioso, endocrino e inmune en las causas de enfermedades físicas y mentales. Ilustramos empíricamente, con base en nuestras investigaciones, cómo este nuevo marco metodológico de investigación científica permite la integración multidisciplinaria de las ciencias biomédicas y las ciencias del comportamiento, reflejando el gran avance científico actual observado en el campo de las neurociencias y de la psicooncología. Se examina el impacto negativo del estrés crónico en la salud del individuo, poniendo énfasis en el rol central que cumple el concepto del distrés emocional percibido. Presentamos la terap...

The article describes the importance of research on hostility and its consequences on health and the connections between emotions and immune system. We present a view of the conceptual and theoretical framework of hostility. One of the main goals of this study was to report the construct validity of the Multicultural Latin American Hostility Inventory. Responses to the items, were factored in separate principal factor analysis with promax rotations to determine the level of correspondence of factor structure in the instrument. This inventory presents with empirical evidence that demonstrates a high degree of construct validity and internal consistency as shown by its factorial structure and alpha correlations.

  DOI: 10.26439/persona2020.n023(1).4832 The purpose of the study was to evaluate the feasibility of a program of mindfulness intervention applied to cancer patients in the city of Arequipa, Peru. Participants were randomly selected for a six-week program or for the control group. We used psychometric instruments to measure stress and depression. Adherence and participations of the patients in the program demonstrate the feasibility of the program with breast cancer in Peru. Results show that, in comparison with the control group, there was significant reductions of perceived stress and depression amongst participants.

The main purpose of this study was to verify the factorial structure of the two scales that make up the Multicultural Inventory of Expression of Anger and Hostility from a confirmatory perspective. We performed the Confirmatory Factor Analysis with a non-probability sample of 264 participants from a private university in Lima, Peru. The sampling included university students (25%), faculty members (17.8%) and administrative staff (57.2%). The reliability of the instrument was evaluated using the congeneric, tau-equivalent and parallel models for each of the six subscales of the instrument, as well as calculated based on Cronbach's alpha coefficient with confidence intervals. Results: Factor analysis performed in the present Peruvian sample identified four dimensions for the Anger Expression Scale (Anger-In, Anger-Out, Anger/Control In, and Anger/Control-Out) and two factors for the Hostil...

We, who have the good fortune to be involved in the academic career and scientific work, clearly recognize that the dissemination of research data is the foundation for the advancement of science. This type of knowledge depends essentially on the behavior and integrity of researchers that regularly report their results and data, as well as the conduct and ethical accountability of the journal's editors, as well as the publishing organizations which participate, publish and directly support the reporting of empirical information to the community of scientists and professionals in the world. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24265/liberabit.2016.v22n2.01

Background: This article presents an empirical review of the integration of mindfulness and emotional intelligence. Mindfulness is a cognitive intervention model that helps people to develop awareness of their experience in the present moment favoring emotional self-regulation. Similarly, emotional intelligence has been conceptualized as a constellation of abilities related to the perception, understanding and adequate management of emotions within and among people. Both conceptual models are associated with a good sense of well-being and personal development. State of the art: This paper reviews the preliminary scientific evidence published in psychology and education literature, and examines the mediating effects of these two constructs in the process of emotional regulation and quality of life of individuals. Conclusions: The study results indicate that the interaction of mindfulness ...