This article provides the most important results of an investigation carried out in 2017 in the Ayacucho region that had the objective of determining the theoretical and methodological guidelines necessary for a teaching method of Quechua for receptive bilinguals in Quechua from this region. This objective led us to carry out a state of the question on the studies of Quechua linguistics, linguistic application, applied linguistics and sociocultural studies on Andean communities that serve as the basis for such guidelines. Additionally, this review allowed us to show the need for new descriptive studies of the Quechua language and aspects of language planning of this language.

In this article, I propose the existence of a grammatical diathesis subsystem of a derivative nature in Ayacucho Quechua. The derivative morphemes comprised within this subsystem are the reflexive -ku, the benefactive -pu, the assistive -ysi, the causative -chi and some combinations of suffixes such as -ykUpU, -naku and -naya, among others. The aim of this study is to prove that this diath esical subsystem works roughly like a functional concordance that involves actants expressed with diathesical derivative suffixes and those with inflectional suffixes of person. In order to show this derivative-inflectional diathesic interaction, the suffix -ku is analized.

In this study, two linguistic postulates of Quechua Chanka are presented. These postulates show some cognitive principles and values of the Andean culture. From the concept of postulate established by Hardman (1972), it is proposed that a linguistic postulate to be considered as such must configure a small morphological system relatively stable. The basic meaning of this system has to be directly related to the cognitive principles and values or norms of behavior of a culture. I have named the two identified postulates as the postulate of certainty and the postulate of warmth due to the basic meaning that their respective morphemes share internally. The postulate of certainty is formed by the independent or discursive suffixes: -mi, -si, -cha, -puni, and their forms combined with the morphemes -iki and -á. The linguistic postulate of warmth has a complex manifestation since it consists ...

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The results of an investigation carried out to determine the cognitive principles of the Andean people are presented here. The research was based on an approach to the daily discourse, especially anecdotes, of some collaborators who recognize themselves from andean origins. It is shown that these principles are not exclusive to the Andean culture and the only thing particular to it is the hierarchy they present. The ten most important cognitive principles are animism-dynamism, helical circularity of time, duality, diversity-variation, systematic-functionality, similarity, continuum-totality, practicality, prospectivity.

Based on a discourse analysis of the interviews carried out with a varied set of people, who identify themselves with the Andean culture, on what are the most important values that serve to determine the integrity of a person, I can conclude that the five fundamental values of the Andean culture, in order of hierarchy, are: industriousness, humility, reliability, reciprocity and solidarity. It should be noted that it is not about the private values of this culture. The final reflection is that all formal education must be oriented to cultivate the cognitive values and principles of the culture of each people that materialize throughout its heritage, that is, to contribute to the fulfillment of the process of enculturation and socialization of the new generations. Since the current Peruvian society is multicultural and multilingual – because tehere are people with different gnoseologica...

The present study brings a possible explanation of how vibrant multiple prepalatal /ř/ is a «natural» segment in consonantal inventory of current Quechua despite its evident derivation from the contact with Spanish. In other words, the phoneme /ř/ has been incorporated into the phonological system of some dialects of Quechua and it is in process of expansion to all dialects, due mainly to its correspondance to a «natural» slot within the Quechua system rather than a merely loan explanation or an interference of the Andean Spanish. In any case, without neglecting any of the given explanations, I propose that the determinant factor is intrinsic to the phonological system of Quechua from the point of view of a natural classes theory. Because of this theory, Quechua consonantal system is organized into natural classes, where [+cons, +cor] class is nuclear. Within this natural class the...

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The presence of an indigenous intelligentzia (Andean and Amazonian) with evolution in rural and urban contexts that consciously interacts for their community development is discussed here. This intelligentzia join the tradition kept in the community ancient wises and the modernization exhibit by indigenous professionals and indigenous businessmen. Nevertheless, both parts of this indigenous intelligentzia, the traditional and modern, display many contradictions in its social activity, specially those from the urban sectors who usually and urgently are involved in acculturation and “language moving” processes. Even though these obstacles, today this indigenous intelligentzia is assuming its sociocultural and political leadership among their pairs and in front of the Peruvian official society. Their activity, consciously and growingly, is realized in pro of the cultural and linguistic ...

In this study,  I analyze the lexical category of determiner words, from an onomasiological approach that involves functional, pragmatic and cognitive aspects, based on a personal interpretation of Coseriu's theory (1973) on determination. The goal is to establish a functional-based grammatical proposal that allows us to explain how the system of determiners works in Spanish by recognizing its pragmatic  nature. It is concluded that the Spanish determinative system, made up of articles, possessives, demonstratives and quantifiers, to which it is proposed to add selectors, and some interrogatives, exclamatives and relatives, constitutes a deictic system. Likewise, from a cognitive interpretation, it is argued that the components of this system are grammatical words that represent the logical relationships between the participants of the discourse and the referent of the noun phrase.  

El presente estudio constituye una propuesta teórico-metodológica para el análisis bidireccional de las interferencias. Específicamente, se trata de un análisis deductivo para elucidar cómo se producen las interferencias en la manifestación de la actualización nominal definida, indefinida y universal entre una lengua como el castellano que tiene morfos especializados para esta función (artículos); y otra, el quechua, que los posee parcialmente y que emplea otros recursos adicionales para su manifestación.

The objective of this research is to develop as thematic content the worldview, cultural practices and grammatical foundations of the Shipibo-Konibo ethnolinguistic group and, with this, to elaborate the theoretical-methodological framework of a communicative-functional method at a basic level, necessary for its teaching/learning as a second language (SL)/foreign language (LE) in urban contexts. For this purpose, the international standards of the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR) are taken as a reference. As a result, we have a proposal of transversal thematic axes with a mainly intra- and intercultural content, which were applied in class sessions and followed a didactic approach of continuous learning under a research-action methodology. We conclude by pointing out that this methodological proposal is undoubtedly innovative and will set a precedent in the dev...

This research shows the teaching practice of the teachers of the action-research project carried out with Spanish-speaking students for the teaching of Shipibo-Konibo as a second language at a basic level. The state of the Shipibo-Konibo language is described together with the current situation of the indigenous communities that speak that language; then, a brief summary of the project and the methodological aspects that were applied in the clases is presented. Finally, the issues that emerged from the analysis of teaching practice be announced.