Introducción: la tuberculosis es la enfermedad infecciosa más importante del ser humano por su alta incidencia mundial, constituyendo un problema de salud pública. Los conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas sobre ella han sido evaluados en estudiantes universitarios y profesionales de ciencias de la salud, pero otros han sido desatendidos. Objetivos: evaluar conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas sobre tuberculosis en estudiantes que no pertenecen a ciencias de la salud de una universidad peruana. Métodos: estudio transversal analítico, se encuestó estudiantes de la Universidad Nacional del Centro del Perú usando un cuestionario estructurado. Luego se caracterizó cada una de las secciones y buscó diferencias según las características de los alumnos mediante los modelos lineales generalizados. Resultados: de 631 estudiantes, 54,7 % fueron mujeres, 66,6 % obtuvo puntaje bajo en la...

This article presents a structuralist model for the peruvian economy, which seeks to capture some of its key features, such as the dependence on intermedíate and capital goods, the relative rigidity of the export and agricultural supply, the existence of parastatal input producen and the possibility of financing the production through foreign debt. The model is later used to explain the long-term restrictions to growth, as well as to criticize the economic policy of the Belaunde regime and to present the logic of the heterodox alternative and the reasons of its initial success and later disaster.​

The National Cooperative Diethylstilbestrol Adenosis (DESAD) Project has completed the major portion of its enrollment phase with the examination of more than 300 daughters of women taking synthetic non steroidal estrogens (denotes DES) during pregnancies occurring from the early 1940's to the mid 1960's. The aims of the Project were to fill urgent needs for information on the prevalence and incidence of structural and epithelial abnormalities of neoplastic changes and their complications in these women.

Austempered ductile irons (ADI) have been extensively used in applications that require a high wear resistance. To further improve it, this work analyzes the effects of both two molding conditions and a short austempering process in the abrasion resistance and toughness of a ductile iron. To do so, the cast and heat-treated specimens were analyzed using several stages including microstructural analysis, mechanical testing and roughness measurements. The experimental results showed that both molding conditions induced the precipitation of massive carbides during solidification, yet the green sand samples had the highest amount. Furthermore, the short austempering produced a microstructure composed by refined ausferrite, with a surrounding mixture of untempered martensite and unreacted austenite. In addition, the ADI presented the best wear resistance due to its hard microstructure which f...

Managing stakeholders is relevant for project management, as they affect project results. Likewise, the support of a Project Management Office (PMO) improves these results. This study analyzes the positive influence of stakeholder management on project results, specifically on the likelihood of concluding projects within the predicted time and cost, together with the moderating effect of PMOs. A conceptual model was validated through logistic regression, with data collected through a survey responded by 216 experienced professionals studying in graduate programs on project management. Findings indicate that stakeholder management improves project results in terms of time and cost and confirm that PMO enhances the influence of stakeholder management on these results. As its contribution, the study reinforces stakeholder management and PMO as key elements for successful project management....

The National Cooperative Diethylstilbestrol Adenosis (DESAD) Project has completed the major portion of its enrollment phase with the examination of more than 300 daughters of women taking synthetic non steroidal estrogens (denotes DES) during pregnancies occurring from the early 1940's to the mid 1960's. The aims of the Project were to fill urgent needs for information on the prevalence and incidence of structural and epithelial abnormalities of neoplastic changes and their complications in these women.

Fasciolosis is recognised as a major problem in dairy cattle in parts of Peru. A longitudinal study of dairy cattle in Cajamarca, Peru was used to determine the annual pattern of infection with Fasciola hepatica. After a gradual increase from January, peak egg production occurred in August/September and then dropped rapidly. Indirect indicators of infection, eosinophil counts and serum liver-enzyme activities, indicated that the major period of new infection in cattle occurred from December to May each year. Examination of snails demonstrated that, although there was no clear annual cycle in snail abundance, the majority of snails infected with cercariae were found between January and March. Climatological data indicated that there was sufficient moisture for development of the parasite during a limited period each year, coinciding with the period of maximum abundance of cercaria-infecte...

Fasciolosis is recognised as a major problem in dairy cattle in Cajamarca, Peru. The infection has an annual cycle, with the major period of infection from January to March. A control programme, involving two doses of the fasciolicide triclabendazole aimed at reducing the passage of Fasciola hepatica eggs on to the pasture, together with the use of the molluscicide, niclosamide, was evaluated against traditional treatment programmes. The double treatment regimen did not significantly reduce the overall parasite burden, as measured by faecal egg counts, but did control the parasites to a level similar to that achieved by traditional programmes averaging 3-7 treatments per year. The cows' eosinophil counts and serum liver enzyme activities were significantly lower than in animals treated by the traditional programmes. The use of niclosamide in addition to the triclabendazole treatments gav...

Standard haematological values have been calculated for female Holstein and Brown Swiss cattle kept at high altitudes in the Andean Sierra. Overall mean values were 5·9 × 1012 l−1 for the red cell count, 0·321l−1 for the packed cell volume, 9·6 gdl−1 for the haemoglobin concentration, 55·0 femtolitres for the mean corpuscular volume, 30·5 gdl−1 for the mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration and 16·7 pg for mean corpuscular haemoglobin. Red cell indices tended to be higher in Holstein cattle than in Brown Swiss kept at the same altitude and were higher in cattle kept at higher altitudes. Mean white cell parameters were 9·7 × 109 l−1 for total white cells, 2·6 × 109 l−1 for neutrophils, 0·086 × 109 l−1 for bands, 6·3 × 109 l−1 for lymphocytes, 0·7 × 109 l−1 for eosinophils, 0·073 × 109 l−1 for monocytes and 0·001 × 109 l−1 for basophils.

The experiment aimed to measure the effect of constant and variable temperatures on the growth of Lymnaea viatrix snails, on the development of a Peruvian isolate of Fasciola hepatica eggs and on the development of F. hepatica in the snails. This was carried out by cultivating infected and uninfected snails and fluke eggs in artificial, temperature controlled chambers. L. viatrix snails were found to develop at a rate dependent on environmental temperature, but developed at least as well under conditions of varying temperature as at the same mean constant temperature. F. hepatica eggs held at constant or varying temperatures, developed at a rate comparable to other reports. However, eggs developing at varying temperatures appeared to have reduced hatchability. Parasite development within the snails was slow, though within the limits calculated from the literature, and varying temperature...

The National Cooperative Diethylstilbestrol Adenosis (DESAD) Project has completed the major portion of its enrollment phase with the examination of more than 300 daughters of women taking synthetic non steroidal estrogens (denotes DES) during pregnancies occurring from the early 1940's to the mid 1960's. The aims of the Project were to fill urgent needs for information on the prevalence and incidence of structural and epithelial abnormalities of neoplastic changes and their complications in these women.

En el contexto de una contingencia, la reutilización del agua en el curtido de pieles resulta una alternativa viable para disminuir la generación de residuos peligrosos que produce esta actividad. Con el objetivo de impulsar la adopción de tecnologías más limpias y prácticas más sostenibles, este estudio propuso aplicar un proceso de curtido innovador para la obtención de cuero crust de ovino, consistente en la recuperación del agua residual proveniente del baño de cromo para reincorporarla al ciclo productivo. Para dicho fin, antes de cada curtido se cuantificó el contenido de cromo en el agua (T1: primer baño, T2: segundo baño y T3: tercer baño), lo que permitió determinar el desgaste del cromo y evaluar la viabilidad de su reutilización. Finalmente, se llevó a cabo una evaluación físico-mecánica del cuero crust obtenido tras el rebajado, analizando la fuerza de gri...

In the southern summer of 2017, the coastal El Niño phenomenon occurred in Peru. This type of event is recurrent in this region and due to its intensity, floods occurred in the city of Piura and in the Lower Piura Valley, due to the overflowing of the river of the same name. Scenarios like this put the structures within the riverbed at risk. In order to prevent and provide a warning system that allows timely evacuation of the areas at risk, it is necessary to know the flows that occur in the river. However, there are reasonable doubts about the reliability of the gauges in Los Ejidos Dam, located upstream of the city. This is because the basin's early warning system predicted maximum flows of 2900 m3/s on March 26, 2017, based on rainfall and flow data upstream of Los Ejidos, and finally the flow measured at the dam was 3468 m3/s. At that time the uncertainty was established as to wheth...

In this article, we describe the implementation of a low-cost device that registers perceptions of thermal comfort. The parameters of relative humidity (RH), temperature, thermal sensation (cold, cool, neutral, warn, hot) and clothing worn by people are collected. The design and validation of the device in an indoor environment are explained, and the calibration curves of the temperature and relative humidity sensors are obtained. The measurement results for the device from 10 people are shown. The study was carried out in the village of Imata (high Andean zone), at 4700 masl in the south of Peru. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.

A series of CeαMn1-αO2 catalysts supported on g-alumina with various molar concentrations of Ce (α, from 0 to 0.90) was synthesized by coprecipitation, applying two different precipitating agents, namely, sodium hydroxide (method 1) and sodium carbonate (method 2), with the use of sodium permanganate as a redox agent for precipitation. XRD profiles of the supported samples revealed the predominant abundance of a typical fluorite crystalline structure. TPR thermograms of supported samples were displaced towards lower temperatures with increasing Mn concentration, in contrast with the bulk samples. The supported Ce-Mn samples exhibited a greater performance in n-hexane elimination than did the corresponding simple oxides. The sample Ce0.33Mn0.67O2 obtained by method 2 presented the best activity, probably due to the enrichment of Ce4+, Mn3+ and Mn4+ surface species, an excess of superfi...

The characterization of the nominal power under real operating conditions is crucial for the correct evaluation of a photovoltaic generator. Several earlier studies proposed different methods based on empirical models for the estimation of the nominal power. These methods require experimental data obtained during optimal days under clear sky conditions and are not suitable for days deviating from these optimal conditions and, thus, generating a significant amount of noise in the data. In this sense, we propose a non-parametric statistical approach to filter out this noise to reliably estimate the real nominal power in the latter conditions. The period of study was 107 days. These were divided in two categories, clear and partly cloudy sky conditions. The results show that our statistical method allows to obtain the same nominal power under partly cloudy conditions as under clear sky. Thi...

We thank Professor Santiago Mas Coma for suggestions to improve this contribution. This work was supported by grants to JRE from CONCYTEC (Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnolog?´a-PERU), Proyecto VIGIA-USAID 2003, The International Foundation for Science contract B/2856-1, Sweden and INCAGRO-PERU /Contract 007-2003.

Tuberculosis (TB) is a major public health problem that, due to the clinical variability of its presentation, can be confused with cancer. The aim of this study was to identify the clinical-radiological characteristics and to describe the methodology that allowed to achieve a TB diagnosis in patients referred to the National Institute of Neoplastic Diseases (INEN) with a presumed diagnosis of cancer between 2014 and 2016. The study included 170 patients (52.4% men) with an average age of 41.1 years; 18% presented a history of contact with TB, and 5.9% had had the disease previously. The TB was pulmonary in 22.4% and extrapulmonary in 77.7% of patients. The most frequent symptoms were respiratory, tumor, weight loss, and neurological. The cancer diagnoses most frequently discarded were lymphoma, lung cancer, and brain cancer. The lesions that suggested a neoplasm indicated an advanced cli...

El equipo de arqueología de la Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina del Perú ha constatado y verificado que diversas imágenes captadas por el programa Google Earth Pro son montículos gigantescos compuestos por desechos y piedras, así como por muros curvos, que contienen, a su vez, estructuras de planta rectangular y circular revestidas con piedras (Benfer 2011a). Su particular característica es que semejan, en planta, figuras de animales. Fueron halladas en las partes bajas y medias de los valles costeros al norte de Lima, Perú, y datan desde el periodo Precerámico Tardío (3000 a.C. a 1750 a.C.) al periodo Inicial y Horizonte Temprano (1700 a.C. a 200 a.C.). Su contorno sinuoso, así como sus superficies tridimensionales y no a manera de plataformas las distinguen de otros montículos de dichos períodos que presentan, característicamente, simetría y ángulos rectos. Estos m...

La investigación llevada a cabo tuvo como objetivo determinar la relación entre felicidad y gratitud en estudiantes de psicología de una universidad particular de Piura. Este estudio sustantivo, descriptivo-correlacional incluyó un tamaño muestral de 237 estudiantes pregrado de psicología dentro de una universidad particular de Piura. Las variables fueron evaluadas con la Escala de Felicidad de Lima y la Escala de Gratitud, ambas elaboradas por Reynaldo Alarcón. Entre los resultados, se encontró un cociente de correlación significativa y alta (r= ,999; p<.01) entre la felicidad y gratitud dentro de la población. De igual manera, se ha encontrado relaciones altas y significativas (p<.01) entre cada factor de la felicidad, con los factores de la gratitud. Se concluye que la población estudiada tiene una tendencia a tener un nivel alto de felicidad, lo cual generará una mayor pr...