The ventricular septal defect is an anomaly linked to genetics in some dog breeds,where an abnormal communication between the ventricles is kept allowing blood flowbetween ventricles. The magnitude and direction of communication depend on the sizeof the hole and the relative resistances in the pulmonary and systemic circulations. Thereport describes a clinical case of a male Fox Terrier, 20 months old that showed cyanoticmucous membranes and abnormal heart sound on auscultation. The echocardiographyrevealed a ventricular septal defect and hypertrophy of both ventricles.

La insuficiencia valvular mitral es la enfermedad cardiaca más común en el perro. La incompetencia de la válvula mitral debida a la degeneración valvular puede dar lugar a un progresivo aumento cardiaco y, en algunos casos, a la insuficiencia cardiaca congestiva(ICC). Un canino cruzado de 13 años, con historia de haber sido diagnosticado y medicado como cardiópata en una clínica veterinaria de Lima, fue presentado a la clínica de la Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria (FMV), Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, con dificultad respiratoria severa y secreciones nasales. Recibió tratamiento de emergencia a base de una solución polielectrolítica (dextrosa + lactato ringer) y furosemida. Regresó a la clínica de la FMV a los seis días con tos y en el examen clínico se detectaron estertores leves a moderados y soplo en foco mitral. Allí se le realizó una ecografía, hemograma...

Bacterial endocarditis is an inflammation of the endocardium, where a bacterialcolonization produces vegetation in the cardiac valve, which can alter its normal functioncausing regurgitations and hemodynamic alterations. Also, this infection can cause septicthromboembolism or inflammatory alterations like immune complexes. The present studydescribes the case of a female canine of 2.5 years of age that presented fever, depression,anorexia and a severe murmur (IV/VI) on the left side of the thorax. Laboratory examsrevealed leukocytosis with left shift and renal failure. Besides, the echocardiography showed vegetation at the aortic valve that altered the hemodynamics producing a diastolicregurgitation jet. It was concluded that the lesion was compatible with bacterial endocar-ditis.

The aim of this study was to determine the levels of serum potassium and electrocardiographic parameters in young alpacas. Thirty alpacas (17 males and 13 females) from 1 to 60 days of age from various alpaca farms in Maranganí, Cusco were used. The levels of serum potassium was 5.91 ± 1.48 mmol/L and without statistical differences between sexes. The electrocardiographic values were: P wave time, 0.04 ± 0.0s; P wave amplitude, 0.173 ± 0.058 mV; PQ time, 0.101 ± 0.02 s; QRS time, 0.038 ± 0.006 s; QRS complex, 0.557 ± 0.412 mV; QT time, 0.237 ± 0.040 s; T wave amplitude, 0.413 ± 0.266 mV. Moreover, animals with increased T wave had potassium values above 5.5 mmol/L but without signs of heart disease. In addition, values of serum potassium and electrocardiographic paramters showed similarity to the values of other species.

Pericardial effusion is described as an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pericardial cavity, which can lead to a cardiac tamponade associated with neoplasms. It is described the clinical case of a Golden Retriever dog, 10 years old, taken to consultation due to anorexia, abdominal distension and depression. At clinical examination, faintly audible heart sounds, weak femoral pulse and tachypnea were detected. Laboratory tests showed anemia and kidney failure. The ultrasound determined hydropericardium and a tumor mass on the basis of the right heart. The radiological study showed increased heart silhouette. It was concluded that the injury was consistent with cardiac tamponade by pericardial effusion due to a cardiac mass.

La comunicación interventricular es una anomalía ligada a la genética en algunas razas caninas, donde se mantiene una comunicación anómala entre los ventrículos permitiendo el paso de la sangre entre ambos ventrículos. La magnitud y la dirección de la comunicación dependen del tamaño del orificio y de las resistencias relativas en las circulaciones pulmonar y sistémica. Se presenta el caso clínico de un canino macho Fox Terrier de 20 meses de edad, que presentaba mucosas cianóticas y un sonido cardiaco anormal a la auscultación. La ecocardiografía reveló la comunicación interventricular e hipertrofia de ambos ventrículos, compatible con un defecto del septo interventricular.

La insuficiencia valvular mitral es la enfermedad cardiaca más común en el perro. La incompetencia de la válvula mitral debida a la degeneración valvular puede dar lugar a un progresivo aumento cardiaco y, en algunos casos, a la insuficiencia cardiaca congestiva(ICC). Un canino cruzado de 13 años, con historia de haber sido diagnosticado y medicado como cardiópata en una clínica veterinaria de Lima, fue presentado a la clínica de la Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria (FMV), Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, con dificultad respiratoria severa y secreciones nasales. Recibió tratamiento de emergencia a base de una solución polielectrolítica (dextrosa + lactato ringer) y furosemida. Regresó a la clínica de la FMV a los seis días con tos y en el examen clínico se detectaron estertores leves a moderados y soplo en foco mitral. Allí se le realizó una ecografía, hemograma...

La endocarditis bacteriana es una inflamación del endocardio donde hay colonización bacteriana que genera vegetaciones en alguna válvula del corazón, las cuales alteran la función cardiaca generando regurgitaciones y alteraciones hemodinámicas. Además, puede producir cuadros propios de la infección como trombo embolismo séptico y alteraciones inflamatorias como complejos inmunes. En el presente estudio se describe el caso de un canino hembra de 2.5 años, que presentó fiebre, decaimiento, anorexia y un soplo marcado (IV/VI) en el lado izquierdo del tórax. Los exámenes de laboratorio evidenciaron leucocitosis con desviación a la izquierda e insuficiencia renal aguda. Además, la ecocardiografía mostró un crecimiento a nivel de la válvula aórtica que alteraba el flujo sanguíneo produciendo un jet regurgitante diastólico. Se concluye que la lesión era compatible con una ...

The aim of this study was to determine the levels of serum potassium and electrocardiographic parameters in young alpacas. Thirty alpacas (17 males and 13 females) from 1 to 60 days of age from various alpaca farms in Maranganí, Cusco were used. The levels of serum potassium was 5.91 ± 1.48 mmol/L and without statistical differences between sexes. The electrocardiographic values were: P wave time, 0.04 ± 0.0s; P wave amplitude, 0.173 ± 0.058 mV; PQ time, 0.101 ± 0.02 s; QRS time, 0.038 ± 0.006 s; QRS complex, 0.557 ± 0.412 mV; QT time, 0.237 ± 0.040 s; T wave amplitude, 0.413 ± 0.266 mV. Moreover, animals with increased T wave had potassium values above 5.5 mmol/L but without signs of heart disease. In addition, values of serum potassium and electrocardiographic paramters showed similarity to the values of other species.

Pericardial effusion is described as an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pericardial cavity, which can lead to a cardiac tamponade associated with neoplasms. It is described the clinical case of a Golden Retriever dog, 10 years old, taken to consultation due to anorexia, abdominal distension and depression. At clinical examination, faintly audible heart sounds, weak femoral pulse and tachypnea were detected. Laboratory tests showed anemia and kidney failure. The ultrasound determined hydropericardium and a tumor mass on the basis of the right heart. The radiological study showed increased heart silhouette. It was concluded that the injury was consistent with cardiac tamponade by pericardial effusion due to a cardiac mass.

Clinical records from all patients attended in the Small Animal Clinic of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, San Marcos University during the period 2007-2009 were revised with the aim of obtaining statistical information about heart diseases in canines. Out of 13 035 clinical records, 260 cases were diagnosed with heart diseases. The chronic atrioventricular valve disease was the most frequent anomaly (71.9% of total heart diseases). Male had a higher risk for heart disease than females (OR = 1.3). The age groups of 9 to 12 and more than 12 years old had also higher risk than the ones younger than 1 year old (OR = 27.9 and 75.9 respectively) and dogs with equal or lower body weight of 10 kg had the highest risk for heart disease (OR = 2.7). Moreover, the Pekingese breed showed greater predisposition to suffer from heart diseases (18.0% of total heart diseases).

The aim of the study was to compare the electrocardiographic parameters of clinically healthy Holstein calves raised in the high altitude (3827 m) and at sea level (175 m). Parameters under evaluation were rate, rhythm, size and morphology of the waves, segments and intervals and cardiac axis. The tests were performed in an upright position at an amplitude of 1 mV/cm and speed of 25 mm/sec, using the bipolar (I, II, III) and unipolar (AVL, AVR, and aVF) leads. The results showed that heart rate was 87.33 ± 9.77 and 127.40 ± 7.52 at high altitude and at sea level respectively. The heart rate at both locations were considered as regular normal sinus rhythm. The cardiac axis at high altitude was -120.1 ± 7.30° and at sea level was 63.7 ± 3.02°. It is concluded that there were statistical differences (p<0.05) in heart rate, size and morphology of the waves, intervals, segments and c...

Haemangiosarcoma is a malignant tumour of vascular origin and it is the most frequent of cardiac tumours in dogs. It is presented the case of a 8-year old Rottweiler dog with dyspnea, pale mucous and intolerance to exercise. Cardiac sounds were slightly perceptible with decreased femoral pulse. Lab tests showed thrombocytopenia, and acute kidney failure. Radiographic and echography tests were carried out identifying only pericardial effusion and cardiac obstruction. Pericardiocentesis was performed which cytology study was compatible with bloodstained serum exudate. A computerized axial tomography in thorax only detected enlargement of the right atrium. A right lateral thoracotomy was performed, identifying a neoplastic mass in the right atrium and several metastatic nodules in lungs and pericardium. The histopathological study diagnosed a primary cardiac hemangiosarcoma in the right atr...

The aim of this study was to determine the factors associated with the presentation of obesity in dogs treated at the Small Animal Clinic of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of the Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos during 2017. In total, 89 dogs were included in the study. Sex, breed and body condition was recorded. Likewise, age, physical activity, neutering (yes/no) and type of diet were obtained through a survey applied to dog owners. The estimated body condition allowed the dogs to be classified between obese and non-obese. The average age was 7.7 years (0-16 years), with 50.6% (n=45) being female. Besides, 47.2% (n=42) were neutered and 28.1% (n=25) were crossbreds. Results showed that 46.1% (n=41) consumed balanced food as part of their diet and 74.2% (n=66) carried out regular physical activity. A total of 60.7% (n=54) were considered obese. Significant associations with ...

The objective of the study was to determine radiographic and electrocardiographicparameters in individuals of the Peruvian Hairless Dog breed, median size, in Lima, Peru.Thirty adult animals of both sexes, 8-12 kg body weight, and clinically healthy were used.An electrocardiographic evaluation was conducted using the six standardelectrocardiographic leads and waves (P, QRS and T), segments (PR, QRS and QT) andrhythm (normal sinus and sinus arrhythmia). A radiographic evaluation was performedwith lateral and ventrodorsal/dorsoventral projections to determine the cardio vertebralratio (VHS) and total cardiac expansion (RTCE). The cardiac radiographic and electrocardiographic parameters were within the values for dogs in general. Sex had noinfluence on the studied parameters. The frequency of sinus arrhythmia starts from 4years of age.

The objective of the study was to determine radiographic and electrocardiographicparameters in individuals of the Peruvian Hairless Dog breed, median size, in Lima, Peru.Thirty adult animals of both sexes, 8-12 kg body weight, and clinically healthy were used.An electrocardiographic evaluation was conducted using the six standardelectrocardiographic leads and waves (P, QRS and T), segments (PR, QRS and QT) andrhythm (normal sinus and sinus arrhythmia). A radiographic evaluation was performedwith lateral and ventrodorsal/dorsoventral projections to determine the cardio vertebralratio (VHS) and total cardiac expansion (RTCE). The cardiac radiographic and electrocardiographic parameters were within the values for dogs in general. Sex had noinfluence on the studied parameters. The frequency of sinus arrhythmia starts from 4years of age.

Clinical records from all patients attended in the Small Animal Clinic of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, San Marcos University during the period 2007-2009 were revised with the aim of obtaining statistical information about heart diseases in canines. Out of 13 035 clinical records, 260 cases were diagnosed with heart diseases. The chronic atrioventricular valve disease was the most frequent anomaly (71.9% of total heart diseases). Male had a higher risk for heart disease than females (OR = 1.3). The age groups of 9 to 12 and more than 12 years old had also higher risk than the ones younger than 1 year old (OR = 27.9 and 75.9 respectively) and dogs with equal or lower body weight of 10 kg had the highest risk for heart disease (OR = 2.7). Moreover, the Pekingese breed showed greater predisposition to suffer from heart diseases (18.0% of total heart diseases).

The aim of the study was to compare the electrocardiographic parameters of clinically healthy Holstein calves raised in the high altitude (3827 m) and at sea level (175 m). Parameters under evaluation were rate, rhythm, size and morphology of the waves, segments and intervals and cardiac axis. The tests were performed in an upright position at an amplitude of 1 mV/cm and speed of 25 mm/sec, using the bipolar (I, II, III) and unipolar (AVL, AVR, and aVF) leads. The results showed that heart rate was 87.33 ± 9.77 and 127.40 ± 7.52 at high altitude and at sea level respectively. The heart rate at both locations were considered as regular normal sinus rhythm. The cardiac axis at high altitude was -120.1 ± 7.30° and at sea level was 63.7 ± 3.02°. It is concluded that there were statistical differences (p<0.05) in heart rate, size and morphology of the waves, intervals, segments and c...

El hemangiosarcoma es un tumor maligno de origen vascular y es el más frecuente de los tumores cardiacos de los canes. Se presenta el caso de un perro de raza Rottweiler de ocho años de edad, que presentó disnea, mucosas pálidas e intolerancia al ejercicio. A la auscultación cardiaca, los sonidos fueron levemente audibles y el pulso femoral disminuido. Los exámenes de laboratorio evidenciaron trombocitopenia e insuficiencia renal aguda. Se realizaron radiografías y ecografías, diagnosticándose hidropericardio y taponamiento cardiaco. Se realizó una pericardiocentesis, cuyo estudio citológico fue compatible con exudado serosanguinolento. La tomografía axial computarizada del tórax solo identificó aumento de tamaño de la aurícula derecha. Se realizó una toracotomía lateral derecha, identificándose una masa de tipo neoplásica en la aurícula derecha, así como nódulos m...

A case of a 13 year old Siamese cat whit feline aortic thromboembolism is presented. This is a devastating complication associated to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), one of the most common heart disease in cats characterized by a significant left concentric ventricular hypertrophy.