The Betaarterivirus suid 1 and Betaarterivirus suid 2 species of the Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) virus cause severe outbreaks due to genetic recombination with high epidemiological risk, which requires rapid identification for efficient molecular epidemiological surveillance. The objectives of the study were the analysis of the gene that synthesizes the nucleocapsid proteins (ORF 7), as well as to determine the phylogenetic relationships with specific primers. Molecular characterization was performed and 24 positive isolates of the Betaarterivirus suid 2 species were identified. Ten isolates were genotyped, relating 8 of them to lineage 1: sublineage 1.5 with the representative variant NADC34 and 2 to lineage 5: sublineage 5.1 with the representative variant RespPRRS_MLV. In addition, the molecular homology test was performed with the DNAMAN program on the 10 is...

Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale, like other bacteria associated with respiratory conditions, has been subjected to a demanding selection pressure due to the use of disinfectants and antibiotics, which has been generating resistant multidrug strains, as well as an increase in its genetic variability. The objective of the study was to characterize 36 O. rhinotracheale isolates from poultry from five regions of Peru by a profile of eight antibiotics (fosfomycin, amoxicillin, ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, norfloxacin, sulfatrimetropin, doxycycline, oxytetracycline), and genotyping by ERIC-PCR techniques. The results indicate the presence of multidrug resistance of 2 to 6 antibiotics in 94.4% (n = 34) of the strains and 6.6% (n = 2) strains were resistant to 1 antibiotic, being the most common resistance to fosfomycin (77.8 %) and sulfatrimetropin (75.0%). At least, 11 differentiated genetic p...

El objetivo del presente trabajo fue la fenotipificación 60 aislados de Gallibacterium sp mediante un perfil de seis familias de antibióticos y su genotipificación por técnicas de ERIC-PCR, REP-PCR y BOXAIR. Se encontró que el 98.3% de los aislados resisten al menos a una familia de antimicrobianos, y el 11.7% fueron resistentes a las seis familias. La REP-PCR presentó 45 genotipos codificados de R1 hasta R45, la ERIC-PCR presentó 44 genotipos codificados de E1 hasta E44 y la BOXAIR presentó 56 genotipos codificados de B1 hasta B56, dispersos en los departamentos de Lima, Ica y Libertad (Perú). El estudio permitió tipificar Gallibacterium sp y el uso combinado de métodos genotípicos y fenotípicos permitió una discriminación más precisa entre aislamientos potencialmente diferentes con moderada diversidad genética en las ciudades de Lima, Libertad y Ica.

The aim of this study was the genotyping of Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale. For this, 36 strains were identified by molecular testing and genotyping was performed by Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST). The tests identified the type sequences: N.T.1, N.T2 and N.T3, different from the NCBI database and 19 different alleles with 229 polymorphic sites. In addition, 32 strains belonged to the common ST1 genotype. The findings identified at least four genotypes in chickens from various regions of Peru.

Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale, like other bacteria associated with respiratory conditions, has been subjected to a demanding selection pressure due to the use of disinfectants and antibiotics, which has been generating resistant multidrug strains, as well as an increase in its genetic variability. The objective of the study was to characterize 36 O. rhinotracheale isolates from poultry from five regions of Peru by a profile of eight antibiotics (fosfomycin, amoxicillin, ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, norfloxacin, sulfatrimetropin, doxycycline, oxytetracycline), and genotyping by ERIC-PCR techniques. The results indicate the presence of multidrug resistance of 2 to 6 antibiotics in 94.4% (n = 34) of the strains and 6.6% (n = 2) strains were resistant to 1 antibiotic, being the most common resistance to fosfomycin (77.8 %) and sulfatrimetropin (75.0%). At least, 11 differentiated genetic p...

The aim of this study was the phenotyping of 60 isolates of Gallibacterium sp through a profile of six families of antibiotics and their genotyping by ERIC-PCR, REP-PCR and BOXAIR techniques. It was found that 98.3% of the isolates are resistant to at least one family of antimicrobials, and 11.7% were resistant to all six families. The REP-PCR presented 45 genotypes encoded from R1 to R45, the ERIC-PCR presented 44 genotypes encoded from E1 to E44 and BOXAIR presented 56 genotypes encoded from B1 to B56, dispersed in the departments of Lima, Ica and Libertad (Peru). The study allowed to typify Gallibacterium sp and the combined use of genotypic and phenotypic methods allowed a more precise discrimination between potentially different isolates with moderate genetic diversity in the cities of Lima, Libertad and Ica.