Se describirá los resultados del estudio de la columna total de ozono obtenidos con el sensor OMI del satélite AURA durante el periodo 2005-2020. Por ello el presente proyecto de investigación es de fundamental importancia, para estimar o cuantificar la variabilidad temporal del ozono total y dar a conocer a la población o comunidad científica para su comprensión y entendimiento.

Se describirá los resultados del estudio de la columna total de ozono obtenidos con el sensor OMI del satélite AURA durante el periodo 2005-2020. Por ello el presente proyecto de investigación es de fundamental importancia, para estimar o cuantificar la variabilidad temporal del ozono total y dar a conocer a la población o comunidad científica para su comprensión y entendimiento.

La presente contribución estima la Intensidad de Isla de Calor Urbano Superficial (SUHI) durante el periodo 2001 – 2016 para el Área Metropolitana de Huancayo (AMH) y Arequipa (AMA), localizados en Perú. Para cuantificar la SUHI, se utilizaron 2 métodos: el método de Streutker (Streutker, 2002), y el método de cuantiles propuesto por Flores (Flores, 2016). Ambos métodos utilizan datos de temperatura superficial (Land Surface Temperature) mensual y del producto anual de tipo de cobertura de suelo (Land Cover Type) con 0.05° de resolución, obtenidos con el sensor MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) a bordo de los satélites TERRA y AQUA. La intensidad de isla de calor urbano superficial diurno, obtenido con el método de cuantiles en el AMH, muestra valores máximos en marzo (6.94°C) y valores mínimos en agosto (2.79°C), y la SUHI nocturnas obtenidas muestra...

Esta contribución estima la intensidad de la isla de calor urbano superficial (ICUS) durante el período 2001-2016 para las áreas metropolitanas de El Cairo (CMA), Johannesburgo (JMA) y Lagos (LMA), ubicadas en África. Para cuantificar el SUHI se utilizaron dos métodos: el método Gaussiano y el método Quantiles. Ambos métodos utilizan datos de teledetección de temperatura superficial mensual (ST) y un producto anual del tipo de cobertura terrestre a una resolución de 0.05°, obtenidos del sensor del Espectrorradiómetro de imágenes de resolución MODerada (MODIS) a bordo de los satélites TERRA y AQUA. En los resultados obtenidos para el método gaussiano, el IICUS diurno máximo se presentó en el AML con 4.82°C y el mínimo en el AML con 0.01°C. Por la noche, la máxima encontrada fue en AMC con 4.64°C y la mínima en AMJ con 1.30°C. Para el método Quantiles, el IICUS di...

Por naturaleza el cielo no es totalmente limpio, sin embargo cuando la concentración de partículas es mayor a la normal puede atenuar con mayor intensidad la de radiación solar. Por lo que la cantidad de radiación solar que llega hasta la superficie terrestre depende en gran medida de la turbidez atmosférica. De esta manera, el objetivo de este trabajo fue estimar los valores óptimos diarios de la turbidez atmosférica y parámetros radiativos de superficie tales como: el coeficiente de turbidez de Angstrom (β), exponente de longitud de onda de Angstrom (α), el albedo de dispersión simple (ω0) y dispersión ascendente (Fc). Mediante mediciones de radiación solar incidente (global, directa y difusa), realizadas entre junio y julio del 2019 en la Provincia de Huancayo-Perú, se realizó los cálculos de los parámetros antes presentados. El modelo numérico usado para calcular l...

Theobroma cacao is the main raw material to produce chocolate, as well as for use in the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. However, Moniliophthora roreri is one of the most destructive fungal diseases and the main limiting of cacao production worldwide. Thus, this work aimed to assess the inhibitory effect of extracts of Zingiber officinale (T1) and Aloe vera (T2), and Trichoderma harzianum + Bacillus subtillis. (T3) on Moniliophthora roreri infection in Theobroma cacao; in addition, a control (T4) was also evaluated. Each treatment was applied to six plants of cacao. Incidence of monilia infection and fruit weight were monitored every 15 days (in total four periods) after the application of the treatment by spray. Significant differences (P<0.05) were found among treatments for incidence. It was observed that spraying entire cacao trees after two times (approximately 30 day...

A new biosorbent based on Nostoc commune (NC) cyanobacteria, chemically modified with NaOH (NCM), has been prepared, characterized and tested as an effective biomass to remove Pb(II) in aqueous media. The adsorption capacity of NCM was determined to be qe = 384.6 mg g−1. It is higher than several other biosorbents reported in the literature. Structural and morphological characterization were performed by FTIR, SEM/EDX and point zero of charge pH (pHPZC) measurements. NCM biosorbent showed more porous surfaces than those NC with heterogeneous plates including functional adsorption groups such as OH, C = O, COO−, COH or NH. Optimal Pb(II) adsorption occurred at pH 4.5 and 5.5 with a biomass dose of 0.5 g L−1. The experimental data of the adsorption process were well fitted with the Freundlich-isotherm model and pseudo-2nd order kinetics, which indicated that Pb(II) adsorption was a c...

Esta contribuição estima a Intensidade da Ilha de Calor Urbano Superficial (IICUS), durante o período de 2001 a 2016, para as Áreas Metropolitanas do Cairo (AMC), Johannesburgo (AMJ) e Lagos (AML), localizadas na África. Para quantificar as IICUS foram utilizados dois métodos: o primeiro, o método Gaussiano e, o segundo, o método dos Quantis. Ambos métodos utilizaram dados mensais de sensoriamento remoto da temperatura da superfície (TS) e o produto anual do tipo cobertura do solo (com resolução espacial horizontal de 0,05° ou aproximadamente 5,6 km ao longo do equador), obtidos a partir do sensor Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) a bordo dos satélites TERRA e AQUA do EOS/NASA. Nos resultados obtidos para o método Gaussiano, no período diurno a IICUS a máxima mensal ocorreu na AML de 4,82 °C e a mínima mensal também na AML de valor 0,01°C. Já no ...

In this study, cladodes of Opuntia ficus indica (OFIC), chemically modified with NaOH (OFICM), have been prepared, characterized, and tested as an effective biomass to remove Pb(II) and/or Cd(II) from aqueous media. At an optimum pH of 4.5, the adsorption capacity, qe, of treated OFICM was almost four times higher than that of untreated OFIC. The maximum adsorption capacities (qmax) in the single removal of Pb(II) and Cd(II) were 116.8 and 64.7 mg g−1, respectively. These values were 12.1% and 70.6% higher than those for the corresponding qmax in binary removal, which indicates the strong inhibitive effect of Pb(II) on the co-cation Cd(II) in a binary system. Structural and morphological characterization have been carried out by FTIR, SEM/EDX, and point of zero charge (pHPZC) measurements. The SEM/EDX results confirmed that the metals are adsorbed on the surface. The presence of C-O, C...

Agro-industrial waste biosorbents of arabica–cofee (WCA) and theobroma–cocoa (WCT) have been characterized and tested to remove Pb(II) from aqueous media. The maximum adsorption capacity of WCA and WCT (qmax = 158.7 and 123.5 mg·g−1, respectively) is comparable or even higher than for several other similar agro-industrial waste biosorbents reported in the literature. Structural and morphological characterization were performed by infrared spectrometry with Fourier transform (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDS), and charge measurements at the zero point charge (pHPZC). Both biosorbents, WCA and WCT, show cracked surfaces with heterogeneous plates which ones include functional adsorption groups such as OH, C = O and C-O-C. Optimal Pb(II) adsorption occurs for a pH between 4 and 5 at [WCA] and [WCT] dose concentrations of 2 g·L−1. We...

This study evaluated the pollutant levels (NO2, SO2, CO, and O3), air quality index (AQI) and the influence of meteorological variables and coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic on the air quality in Rio de Janeiro. The data set used comprises periods before (March-April, 2019) and during pandemic (March-April, 2020). According to the AQI results, on most days, the air quality was ranked as “good”. Brazilian air quality standards for SO2, O3, and NO2 were not exceeded in any of the monitoring stations during partial lockdown, while CO exceeded in all periods in one site due to industrial emission. Comparing both periods, descriptive statistics for the meteorological parameters presented no differences, which suggests similar conditions. However, when evaluated week by week in 2020, weather conditions presented some differences that probably affected pollutant concentrations. The co...

Este estudio evaluó el nivel de calidad de aire y la influencia de los parámetros meteorológicos y la pandemia por coronavirus (COVID-19) en Huancayo durante 2018- 2023. El conjunto de datos utilizado comprende períodos marzo-abril de 2018 y 2019, durante la pandemia (marzo-abril de 2020) y después de la pandemia (2022-agosto,2023). Se utilizó el sensor Purpleair (estaciones T1, T2, T3) y sensor satelital OMI de la NASA. Según los resultados en la mayoría de los días aplicando la investigación, la calidad del aire fue clasificado como "bueno" durante el confinamiento parcial del COVID-19, debido a que disminuyó el parque automotor. Los estándares peruanos de calidad del aire para material particulado establecidos por el Ministerio del Ambiente (MINAM) no se excedieron en cualquiera de las estaciones de monitoreo durante el confinamiento parcial, mientras que el MP2.5 superó ...

The objective of this research is to determine the variation of the total ozone column over the regions of Huancayo, Santiago de Chile and Antarctica. The study focused on measurements of the total ozone column over Huancayo, Santiago de Chile and the Machupicchu Antarctic Research Station (ECAMP). Total column ozone data were obtained by NASA's Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) over 16 years (2005-2020). Likewise, it was obtained that in Huancayo a monthly average of 243.1 Dobson Units (DU). In the Peruvian Antarctic station there is a monthly average of 276 DU. And, finally, the registered data obtained the minimum and maximum value of 237 (May) and 254 (September) respectively. Likewise, in Santiago de Chile the minimum and maximum value of 251 (March) and 301 (September) respectively were obtained. In Antarctica, the minimum and maximum value of 220 (September) and 310 (December) res...

Atmospheric particles (PM10 and PM2.5) are responsible for serious problems in human health. Therefore, this study determined the spatial variation of the concentration of particulate matter in the department of Junin, as in the Brazilian Amazon for the period 2021. The data obtained were analyzed using the low-cost PA-II Purpleair sensor, to measurements of particulate matter (PM1, PM2.5 and PM10) at a temporal resolution of 1 min. Likewise, maximum average values of concentrations of particulate material less than 1um, 2.5um and 10um were obtained, which can reach values of 40, 49, 55 μg/m3, respectively. It is concluded that the high values slightly exceed the environmental quality standards of Peru.

We describe the results of the study of aerosol optical depth (AOD) and Direct Radiative Forcing (DRF) at the top of the atmosphere (TOA), obtained in the period 2004 using the MODIS sensor of the TERRA satellite for Peru. Where it is observed that the AOD value can take maximum values around 0.5, resulting in aerosol DRF in the upper part of the atmosphere. The results indicate that the FRD is between [-5 0] W / m2.

Describimos los resultados del estudio del espesor óptico de aerosol (EOA) y el Forzamiento Radiativo Directo (FRD) en la cima de la atmósfera (TOA), obtenidos en el periodo 2004 utilizando el sensor MODIS del satélite TERRA para Perú. Donde se observa que el valor del EOA puede tomar valores máximos alrededor de 0.5, obteniéndose como resultado el FRD de aerosol en la parte superior de la atmósfera. Los resultados indican que, la FRD está entre [-5 0] W / m2.

In this work, the spatial dynamic behavior of the aerosol index for the department of Junín is exposed. The basic information for the development of this research is satellite data obtained from NASA. The AURA satellite that has the OMI sensor installed has been monitoring the aerosol index (AI) since October 2004-2018. The satellite observations are as a whole a historical series of the concentration of the index, the data also have geographic coordinate information, which is why it was used to evaluate and simulate the spatial behavior using Kriging's spatial interpolation methodology. Where the greatest amount of suspended particles is observed both in the dry and wet season in the urban area that belongs to the province of Huancayo.

Conferencia de la 20th LACCEI International Multi-Conference for Engineering, Education, and Technology: “Education, Research and Leadership in Post-pandemic Engineering: Resilient, Inclusive and Sustainable Actions”. hybrid event, Boca Raton, Florida- USA, junio 18 - 22.

Rice (Oryza sativa L) is an important source of essential elements but also can contain high As concentrations, which may be consumed and causes health effects. This work aimed to contribute to the lack of information quantifying the total arsenic (tAs) in 31 domestic rice (white rice, n=19; brown rice, n=7; parboiled rice, n=5) of different brands purchased in Peruvian markets. The tAs content was conducted by ICP-MS. The tAs concentration was compared to the maximum limits prescribed by regulatory agencies. Dietary intake (DI), dietary exposure (DE), and margin of exposure (MOE) were estimated. tAs concentration in white, brown and parboiled rice were 0.292 ± 0.106 mg/kg, 0.401 ± 0.081 mg/kg, 0.229 ± 0.03 mg/kg, respectively. Arsenic concentration in white rice exceeded limits recommended by FAO/WHO (0.20 mg kg-1), and European legislation (0.25 mg kg-1), but no Mercosul limits (0.3...

Rice (Oryza sativa L) is an important source of essential elements but also can contain high As concentrations, which may be consumed and causes health effects. This work aimed to contribute to the lack of information quantifying the total arsenic (tAs) in 31 domestic rice (white rice, n=19; brown rice, n=7; parboiled rice, n=5) of different brands purchased in Peruvian markets. The tAs content was conducted by ICP-MS. The tAs concentration was compared to the maximum limits prescribed by regulatory agencies. Dietary intake (DI), dietary exposure (DE), and margin of exposure (MOE) were estimated. tAs concentration in white, brown and parboiled rice were 0.292 ± 0.106 mg/kg, 0.401 ± 0.081 mg/kg, 0.229 ± 0.03 mg/kg, respectively. Arsenic concentration in white rice exceeded limits recommended by FAO/WHO (0.20 mg kg-1), and European legislation (0.25 mg kg-1), but no Mercosul limits (0.3...