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1
tesis de grado
Publicado 2025
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Los neumáticos de los camiones, que son vulnerables al desgaste severo y a posibles daños en entornos hostiles, son un componente importante de la fiabilidad y seguridad de las operaciones mineras. Este estudio describe un sistema de monitorización no intrusivo en tiempo real que utiliza métodos de procesamiento digital de imágenes para identificar el desgaste y la corrosión de los neumáticos de los camiones mineros. Mientras el camión minero está en movimiento, el sistema captura continuamente imágenes de vídeo de la superficie a través de una cámara situada en el guardabarros del neumático. El método de procesamiento está diseñado para analizar estas fotos en tiempo real y clasificar los peligros potenciales, como rocas atascadas, clavos incrustados o desgaste extraño. Dado que el sistema puede identificar e informar rápidamente de estos problemas, se pueden tomar me...
2
artículo
Mining concessions are subject to the fulfillment of liabilities by their owners based on ground for revocation, known as «expiration», as part of mining rights systems. The recent evolution of these liabilities and their focus as part of the conditions offered by the country for investment are analyzed by the author. To do this, the author conduct a review about the changes taken place in 1991 and 2008 mainly, as well as provides the elements to analyze the appropriateness of modifications or its flexibility. The tables used in the explanation constitutes a contribution, which were used by the author in conferences and due diligence for mining projects, as well as the consideration of both elements in the analysis of doctrine and real application of these concepts under the system of Peru.
3
artículo
Mining concessions are subject to the fulfillment of liabilities by their owners based on ground for revocation, known as «expiration», as part of mining rights systems. The recent evolution of these liabilities and their focus as part of the conditions offered by the country for investment are analyzed by the author. To do this, the author conduct a review about the changes taken place in 1991 and 2008 mainly, as well as provides the elements to analyze the appropriateness of modifications or its flexibility. The tables used in the explanation constitutes a contribution, which were used by the author in conferences and due diligence for mining projects, as well as the consideration of both elements in the analysis of doctrine and real application of these concepts under the system of Peru.
4
artículo
This paper presents a brief description of the Peruvian macro indicators; besides it describes how the Mining and Agriculture sectors impacts on the Peruvian economy, during the last two decades. In this period the Peruvian economy shows an impressive growth 5.44% in terms of gross domestic product (GDP); this period is also known as the ̈mining boom ̈. The excellent performance of mining and agriculture sectors contributed to this economic performance. However, despite the economic growth and changes during the last two decades, extreme poverty, malnutrition and childhood anemia is still a serious problem. To eliminate the extreme poverty Peru has to grow at least 6% per year in terms of GDP. This study proposes that mining and agriculture must keep growing to contribute to the development of Peru. It recommends that private and public investment must increase, it recognizes the impor...
5
artículo
Publicado 2014
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The study measures the level of influence of technology in the extraction of gold minerals by the artisanal sector, establishing the levels of use of the technology in the mining cycle in artisanal mining, which includes the main activities of extraction of gold ore. The influence of mining technology, both in the mining cycle and in the gold ore recovery cycle, would allow artisanal activity to be carried out with minimal criteria for the use of engineering and technology, the contribution of which will be to reduce the impact negative to the physical environment. Peru faces a very serious contamination problem to the physical environment caused by artisanal mining and, in its effort to remedy and curb this problem, it has issued various legal regulations such as Law No. 27651 - Law of Formalization and Promotion of Small Mining and Artisanal Mining, which was created within the appropr...
6
artículo
Publicado 1974
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The article analyzes the reforms in copper mining in Peru, highlighting the importance of the exploitation of unused resources, the reversion of concessions to private companies and state participation in mining exploitation, as well as the participation of workers in the sector. In this regard, the author questions the effectiveness of the reforms and their actual implementation, due to the persistence of economic dependence, the continued presence of foreign companies in copper exploitation and the mediating or regressive translation of political objectives into concrete implementation measures. In this framework, the need for a renegotiation with imperialism in order to maximize national benefits and the redefinition of the national economy is suggested. The author highlights the persistence of certain nationalist values that may not be contributing effectively to the maximization of ...
7
artículo
Publicado 1974
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The article analyzes the reforms in copper mining in Peru, highlighting the importance of the exploitation of unused resources, the reversion of concessions to private companies and state participation in mining exploitation, as well as the participation of workers in the sector. In this regard, the author questions the effectiveness of the reforms and their actual implementation, due to the persistence of economic dependence, the continued presence of foreign companies in copper exploitation and the mediating or regressive translation of political objectives into concrete implementation measures. In this framework, the need for a renegotiation with imperialism in order to maximize national benefits and the redefinition of the national economy is suggested. The author highlights the persistence of certain nationalist values that may not be contributing effectively to the maximization of ...
8
artículo
Publicado 2022
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La deforestación es una de las mayores amenazas para la vida del hombre, ya que los bosques ayudan a mantener el equilibrio ecológico y la biodiversidad, es por ello que muchos científicos hoy día se han dado a la tarea de tratar de dar solución a este problema, En el presente trabajo se emplea la teledetección y los sistemas de información geográfica (SIG) como herramientas eficaces y con mucho potencial para el monitoreo a tiempo casi real (TCR) utilizando imágenes ópticas (Landsat 7 y 8, Rapid Eye y Sentinel 2) y de radar (sentinel 1) para el estudio de un área de bosque tropical insertado entre los ríos Cuyuni y Mazaruni en el condado de Essequibo, Guyana. El estudio de deforestación se realiza en dos momentos: desde 1990 hasta 2016 con imágenes ópticas, teniendo en cuenta el estudio de los dos factores ambientales que inciden en el área que son: la deforestación por...
9
artículo
According to studies conducted on the international financial crisis of 2008 - 2009,the debate on the “decoupling hypothesis” was reopened. This hypothesis reflectsthe scarce transmission of negative shocks produced by industrialized economiestowards emerging countries. In the collection of studies on decoupling, readings onthe synchronization of the economic cycle between countries are found, with thestudy variable being the GDP. In this investigation we will analyze the US commercialrelationship with respect to Peru with the objective of identifying the dependencyof the real economy with its commercial partner and in this way to be able toprevent future negative external changes. To verify compliance with the decouplinghypothesis, the econometric model is used: rolling analysis being a new model forPeru.
10
artículo
The GPSS/H (General Purpose Simulation system), is both a computer programming language and a discrete random simulation system. It is versatile, easy to write and can solve a wide range of problems many of them concerned with the mining industry. This language is non procedural designed for a special purpose which tries to anticipate what the programer is doing. Programs are of short computational code and similar to the problem being solved. The application example shows that for an 8 truck fleet hauling ore and waste from 4 hydraulically operated underground bins onto two unloading points at surface for ore and waste, it is required to add one additional bin to avoid queues and attain minimum operating cost.
11
artículo
The GPSS/H (General Purpose Simulation system), is both a computer programming language and a discrete random simulation system. It is versatile, easy to write and can solve a wide range of problems many of them concerned with the mining industry. This language is non procedural designed for a special purpose which tries to anticipate what the programer is doing. Programs are of short computational code and similar to the problem being solved. The application example shows that for an 8 truck fleet hauling ore and waste from 4 hydraulically operated underground bins onto two unloading points at surface for ore and waste, it is required to add one additional bin to avoid queues and attain minimum operating cost.
12
artículo
Publicado 2019
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Decision making in mining is a complicated process. Decisions regarding the sizing and allocation of the fleet of trucks to different mines, considering the compliance with production and the total objective cost, are of paramount importance to mining companies as this directly affects their profits. This document presents a model of goal programming (based on linear programming) to optimize mining operations in underground mining taking into account three goals: (a) To minimize deviations from the target production of different minerals, (b) to minimize the surplus of the total designated operating cost and (c) to maximize the use of concentrator plants’ maximum capacity. The model determines the number of trucks needed and provides the optimal allocation to each mine while addressing the goals and limitations of the mining operation. The proposed model was validated using real data f...
13
artículo
Publicado 2019
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Decision making in mining is a complicated process. Decisions regarding the sizing and allocation of the fleet of trucks to different mines, considering the compliance with production and the total objective cost, are of paramount importance to mining companies as this directly affects their profits. This document presents a model of goal programming (based on linear programming) to optimize mining operations in underground mining taking into account three goals: (a) To minimize deviations from the target production of different minerals, (b) to minimize the surplus of the total designated operating cost and (c) to maximize the use of concentrator plants’ maximum capacity. The model determines the number of trucks needed and provides the optimal allocation to each mine while addressing the goals and limitations of the mining operation. The proposed model was validated using real data f...
14
artículo
Publicado 2014
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According to the General Mining Law, eight different types of mining activities are development in Peru, with the exception of mining prospecting, prospecting and mining marketing that are free others require of a Mining Concession. In that sense, this paper will seek to develop the legal nature of mineral exploration and exploitation concession, through its legal treatment of history, and especially to explain it not only has the character of an administrative act, but which in turn gives a real right. We have observed that we live in a country whose main economic activity is mining, however legal institutions relating to it are poorly developed and this is not due to a lack of legislative regulation of such activity, but by the lack of interest lawyers, rather than the time and economic development has been responsible change.
15
tesis de grado
Publicado 2025
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Environmental liabilities comprise facilities, effluents, contaminated sites, and residues or waste deposits that have a real, potential, or permanent im- pact on people's health and environmental quality. This study focuses on the eval- uation of calcium carbonate extracted from limestone as a neutralizing agent due to its abundance, low cost, and low toxicity for the treatment of acid mine drain- age in the "La Calzada" mining environmental liability in Canchayllo, Peru. Wastewater analyses were conducted at Continental University, where metal lev- els and pH were determined. The results revealed that "La Calzada" mining lia- bility has high levels of iron (3,266 - 9,287 mg/L), arsenic (0.24 - 0.35 mg/L), cop- per (1,560 - 2,313 mg/L), and an acidic pH of 3.14, exceeding environmental qual- ity standards for water. To address this issue, calcium carbonate with 87% purity, obtained from...
16
artículo
Publicado 2019
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This paper study and discuss state financing sources and changes introduced in the Peruvian fiscal structure. To do so, we work in a documented way about indirect and ethnic taxes in the regime of liberal direct taxes. We reconstruct the dynamics of a time of transition in taxation because the State financial income was a combination of old and new taxes: indigenous tax, maritime customs, mining taxes, and «industrial patent». Finally, it asserts tax collection is oriented -almost completely- to the payment of civil and military bureaucracy; that is, for the State’s own upkeep.
17
artículo
Publicado 2019
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Estudia y discute las fuentes de financiamiento del Estado y los cambios introducidos en la estructura fiscal del Perú. Trabaja de manera documentada el tránsito de los impuestos indirectos y étnicos al régimen de los impuestos liberales directos. Reconstruye la dinámica de un tiempo de la fiscalidad en transición porque los ingresos financieros del Estado son una combinación de viejos y nuevos impuestos: tributo indígena, aduanas marítimas, impuestos a la minería y la «patente industrial». Finalmente, sostiene que la recaudación tributaria se orienta, casi completamente, al pago de la burocracia civil y militar; es decir, para el propio sostenimiento del Estado.
18
artículo
Publicado 2014
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De acuerdo al TUO de la Ley General de Minería, en el Perú se desarrollan ocho tipos diferentes de actividades mineras, siendo que a excepción del cateo, de la prospección y la comercialización que son de libre desarrollo, las demás requieren de la denominadas Concesiones Mineras. En ese sentido, el presente trabajo buscará desarrollar la naturaleza jurídica de la Concesión minera de exploración y explotación, su tratamiento legal a través de la historia, y sobre todo explicar que ésta no solo tiene el carácter de acto administrativo sino que a su vez otorga un derecho real. Hemos podido observar que vivimos en un país cuya actividad económica principal es la minería, sin embargo las instituciones jurídicas relativas a ella se encuentran poco desarrolladas y ello no se debe a una falta de regulación legislativa de dicha actividad, sino por la falta de interés de los a...
19
artículo
Publicado 2014
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El estudio mide el nivel de influencia de la tecnología en la extracción de minerales auríferos por el sector artesanal, estableciendo los niveles de uso de la tecnología en el ciclo de minado en la minería artesanal, que comprende las actividades principales de extracción del mineral aurífero. La influencia de la tecnología minera, tanto en el ciclo de minado como en el ciclo de recuperación del mineral aurífero, permitiría que la actividad artesanal se desarrolle con un mínimo criterio de uso de la ingeniería y la tecnología, cuyo aporte será la reducción del impacto negativo al medio físico. El Perú enfrenta un problema de contaminación muy grave al medio físico causado por la minería artesanal y, en su afán de remediar y frenar este problema, ha emitido diversas normas legales como la Ley Nº 27651- Ley de Formalización y Promoción de la Pequeña Minería y Mi...
20
tesis de grado
Publicado 2016
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La Unidad de Producción Santa María (Zona Sur) de COMPAÑIA MINERA PODEROSA S.A., explota estructuras mineralizadas (vetas angostas), tales como la Veta San Vicente; con el metodo Open Stope, de geometría irregular, potencia de 0.60 m a 1.0 m, donde el buzamiento es variable entre 40° a 45°; la calidad de roca encajonante tiene RMR de 42-50 y anchos de minado de 1.05 m. Sin embargo se identifican varias deficiencias con este método como; bastantes tiempos improductivos, porcentaje de dilución elevada y bajos rendimientos de la mano de obra, todos estos factores hacen que los costos de operación se mantengan elevadas. lnicialmente haciendo uso el método cuantitativo de "Nicholas 1981" se determinó aplicar el método de explotación Long Wall Mining para el Tajo 0080, esto coma una alternativa para optimizar la productividad y reducir los costos de operación. Una vez implementad...
