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1
artículo
Publicado 2010
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There is a growing concern in environmental pollution levels of the neighboring ecosystems fruit processing plant by the discharge of untreated industrial effl uents and proper control of the authorities, because many of them have not considered the management their effl uents into the design of the plant. The objective of this research is to characterize and manage the processing effl uent. We conclude that the processing effl uents have a high potential for contamination by the abundant organic load and that have achieved the primary treatment of this potential reduction to acceptable limits by Peruvian law (98.1% turbidity removal and reduction of BOD Oxygen 96.58%), allowing the reduction of water consumption, release of hardship and its incorporation as a business friendly environment for approval of environmental authorities and the community as a whole.
2
artículo
Publicado 2010
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There is a growing concern in environmental pollution levels of the neighboring ecosystems fruit processing plant by the discharge of untreated industrial effl uents and proper control of the authorities, because many of them have not considered the management their effl uents into the design of the plant. The objective of this research is to characterize and manage the processing effl uent. We conclude that the processing effl uents have a high potential for contamination by the abundant organic load and that have achieved the primary treatment of this potential reduction to acceptable limits by Peruvian law (98.1% turbidity removal and reduction of BOD Oxygen 96.58%), allowing the reduction of water consumption, release of hardship and its incorporation as a business friendly environment for approval of environmental authorities and the community as a whole.
3
artículo
The mathematical relationships obtained denote the complexity of the operation in the leached and adsorbed gold stage on activated carbon; since significant losses of gold in solution occur in real metallurgical operations. Similarly, in the adsorbed gold operation, it reveals its high kinetics at the beginning and tends to decrease as the process progresses; eventually reaching the maximum gold load that the carbon can accommodate, and then showing the opposite trend. Furthermore, varying the concentration of carbon affects the adsorption operation; that is, the kinetics of gold adsorbed on carbon decreases over time, but the operation has higher kinetics with a larger volume of carbon during adsorption. The mentioned aspects are made possible by establishing the respective mathematical model of gold in barren solution and gold loaded on carbon; then optimizing with Solver - an Excel to...
4
artículo
Publicado 2019
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In Peru, one of the main difficulties in the processing of frozen camu-camu pulp is to obtain fresh fruit with good quality, because it is damaged during the transportation from the Amazon to Lima, place where are located the processing factories. To avoid that fruit lots arrive with high percentages of damaged fruit, it is preferred to buy camu-camu pulp semi-processed and frozen, thus reducing risks during transport. This raw material is washed, pulped and frozen in the place of harvest or collection area, and then sold to processing factories in Lima, where it is refined, standardized, heat treated and frozen to obtain a product of long life, which is marketed and exported. The characteristics of this fruit make it a low risk to health, not allowing the growth of pathogenic bacteria, due to its physicochemical characteristics and the presence of phytochemicals, for this reason the mic...
5
artículo
Publicado 2006
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The actual existence of cyanide in very significant environmental catastrophes indicates that the cyanide management in the mining operation must be improved. Specifically, disposing right standard in the design and the construction of tailing disposals, water managing, qualification and training labor, fauna protection and the good operation of the systems of warning and emergency, all are areas of high-priority attention. The main reasons of the environmental incidents in the mining operations comes from poor design of management of process waters, the design and the construction and maintenance of tailing disposals, in addition to the frequent accidents in the cyanided pulp transport. In the present investigation, we try to get a cyanide layout of the gold and silver recovery process in the plant of processes of Orcopampa of Buenaventura Company of mines, In order to get it we have sa...
6
artículo
Publicado 2006
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The actual existence of cyanide in very significant environmental catastrophes indicates that the cyanide management in the mining operation must be improved. Specifically, disposing right standard in the design and the construction of tailing disposals, water managing, qualification and training labor, fauna protection and the good operation of the systems of warning and emergency, all are areas of high-priority attention. The main reasons of the environmental incidents in the mining operations comes from poor design of management of process waters, the design and the construction and maintenance of tailing disposals, in addition to the frequent accidents in the cyanided pulp transport. In the present investigation, we try to get a cyanide layout of the gold and silver recovery process in the plant of processes of Orcopampa of Buenaventura Company of mines, In order to get it we have sa...
7
artículo
Publicado 2009
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This article reviews main publications about Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) for its use and application in dental pulp treatments for young permanent teeth (immature apices) such as apexification. First, MTA cement was used to resolve a complication of root perforations, as well as retrograde fillings. Besides, it has features that differentiate it from Portland cement. For choosing treatment for pulpa1 injury in non-vital and vital teeth, we review root formation process from embryological point of view, different stages of root and apical development the immature tooth, comparing them to Nolla's 'stage classification of calcification. Therefore, apexification is a widely used altemative treatment for non-vital pulp, being calcium hydroxide and MTA materials the most common election.Afterwards, when there is formation of new tissue fpr apical closure, conventional root canal treatrnen...
8
artículo
Publicado 2009
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This article reviews main publications about Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) for its use and application in dental pulp treatments for young permanent teeth (immature apices) such as apexification. First, MTA cement was used to resolve a complication of root perforations, as well as retrograde fillings. Besides, it has features that differentiate it from Portland cement. For choosing treatment for pulpa1 injury in non-vital and vital teeth, we review root formation process from embryological point of view, different stages of root and apical development the immature tooth, comparing them to Nolla's 'stage classification of calcification. Therefore, apexification is a widely used altemative treatment for non-vital pulp, being calcium hydroxide and MTA materials the most common election.Afterwards, when there is formation of new tissue fpr apical closure, conventional root canal treatrnen...
9
artículo
Publicado 2019
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The objective of this work was to study the formation of the pulp of camu camu in a matrix of calcium alginate encapsulation using the drip method by immersion of alginate solution of sodium, followed by a drying operation by dragging the process of external Gelation occurs with the calcium ion diffusion from a source that surrounds the hydrocolloid towards neutral pH alginate solution. Gel formation begins in the interface and moves inside to the surface is saturated with calcium ions, so that from the salt of alginate sodium ion is displaced by the Divalent cation solubilized in water. This interacts with the G- blocks of different polymer molecules, linking them together. Although, the most widely used source of calcium has been CaCl2 due to its higher percentage of available calcium, there are other salts employed less frequently such as acetate monohydrate and calcium lactate. Pulp ...
10
artículo
Publicado 2019
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The objective of this work was to study the formation of the pulp of camu camu in a matrix of calcium alginate encapsulation using the drip method by immersion of alginate solution of sodium, followed by a drying operation by dragging the process of external Gelation occurs with the calcium ion diffusion from a source that surrounds the hydrocolloid towards neutral pH alginate solution. Gel formation begins in the interface and moves inside to the surface is saturated with calcium ions, so that from the salt of alginate sodium ion is displaced by the Divalent cation solubilized in water. This interacts with the G- blocks of different polymer molecules, linking them together. Although, the most widely used source of calcium has been CaCl2 due to its higher percentage of available calcium, there are other salts employed less frequently such as acetate monohydrate and calcium lactate. Pulp ...
11
artículo
Publicado 2019
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The objective of this work was to study the formation of the pulp of camu camu in a matrix of calcium alginate encapsulation using the drip method by immersion of alginate solution of sodium, followed by a drying operation by dragging the process of external Gelation occurs with the calcium ion diffusion from a source that surrounds the hydrocolloid towards neutral pH alginate solution. Gel formation begins in the interface and moves inside to the surface is saturated with calcium ions, so that from the salt of alginate sodium ion is displaced by the Divalent cation solubilized in water. This interacts with the G- blocks of different polymer molecules, linking them together. Although, the most widely used source of calcium has been CaCl2 due to its higher percentage of available calcium, there are other salts employed less frequently such as acetate monohydrate and calcium lactate. Pulp ...
12
artículo
Publicado 2022
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Cocona is a delicious fruit that grows in the Peruvian Amazon, located east of the Andes. The study of the physical properties of the pulp, including its rheology, is necessary to optimize the different stages and processes for its industrialization. The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of temperature (Tp) and the concentration of soluble solids (Cp) on the rheological behavior of cocona pulp. The variables of Tp (30 – 60 °C) and Cp (10 – 25 °Brix) were varied according to a 4 × 4 factorial design with three repetitions. Ripe fruits showed biometric characteristics of weight (210.2 g), axial diameter (85.47 mm), and equatorial diameter (65.56 mm) before being pulped. The physicochemical characteristics of the pulp were: soluble solids (6.51 °Brix), pH (3.62), acidity (1.42 g of citric acid/100 g of pulp), and moisture (86.57%). The concentration of the pulp wa...
13
artículo
Publicado 2022
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Cocona is a delicious fruit that grows in the Peruvian Amazon, located east of the Andes. The study of the physical properties of the pulp, including its rheology, is necessary to optimize the different stages and processes for its industrialization. The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of temperature (Tp) and the concentration of soluble solids (Cp) on the rheological behavior of cocona pulp. The variables of Tp (30 – 60 °C) and Cp (10 – 25 °Brix) were varied according to a 4 × 4 factorial design with three repetitions. Ripe fruits showed biometric characteristics of weight (210.2 g), axial diameter (85.47 mm), and equatorial diameter (65.56 mm) before being pulped. The physicochemical characteristics of the pulp were: soluble solids (6.51 °Brix), pH (3.62), acidity (1.42 g of citric acid/100 g of pulp), and moisture (86.57%). The concentration of the pulp wa...
14
artículo
Publicado 2019
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This research is based on the need to develop a new production line for fruit ice cream. Currently, tamarind in the national market can be found in products such as marcianos, cremoladas, ingredients in the kitchen, jellies or as fruit. The proposal of the work is innovative, since it raises the possibility of taking advantage of the pulp of the fruit in ice cream as an industrial input, due to the high concentration of tartaric acid found in the pulp. For ice cream, hydrocolloids (guar gum and xanthan gum) are used to provide a typical texture of fruit ice cream with milk, in addition to being enriched with ascorbic acid as a source of vitamin C. Three ice cream formulations were made that in its last stage mixing and freezing processes were assembled at an industrial artisanal ice cream plant to have better sensory characteristics. Ice creams were tasted and evaluated by means of a sur...
15
artículo
Publicado 2019
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This research is based on the need to develop a new production line for fruit ice cream. Currently, tamarind in the national market can be found in products such as marcianos, cremoladas, ingredients in the kitchen, jellies or as fruit. The proposal of the work is innovative, since it raises the possibility of taking advantage of the pulp of the fruit in ice cream as an industrial input, due to the high concentration of tartaric acid found in the pulp. For ice cream, hydrocolloids (guar gum and xanthan gum) are used to provide a typical texture of fruit ice cream with milk, in addition to being enriched with ascorbic acid as a source of vitamin C. Three ice cream formulations were made that in its last stage mixing and freezing processes were assembled at an industrial artisanal ice cream plant to have better sensory characteristics. Ice creams were tasted and evaluated by means of a sur...
16
artículo
Publicado 2019
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This research is based on the need to develop a new production line for fruit ice cream. Currently, tamarind in the national market can be found in products such as marcianos, cremoladas, ingredients in the kitchen, jellies or as fruit. The proposal of the work is innovative, since it raises the possibility of taking advantage of the pulp of the fruit in ice cream as an industrial input, due to the high concentration of tartaric acid found in the pulp. For ice cream, hydrocolloids (guar gum and xanthan gum) are used to provide a typical texture of fruit ice cream with milk, in addition to being enriched with ascorbic acid as a source of vitamin C. Three ice cream formulations were made that in its last stage mixing and freezing processes were assembled at an industrial artisanal ice cream plant to have better sensory characteristics. Ice creams were tasted and evaluated by means of a sur...
17
artículo
Publicado 2016
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Objectives: determine the total length and the largest diameter in cervical, middle and apical level of deciduous mandibular first molars using cone beam computed tomography. Materials and method: In this cross-sectional study a sample of 21 deciduous upper first molars with the length of the complete root and no fracture was analyzed. The teeth were scanned using CT Cone Beam, the diameter of the root canal was measured by taking three points of reference for these measures, cervical, middle and apical. The obtained images were examined and measured by mean a 3D processing imagery software. The measures of the ducts was made by a single observer (CCI= 0.70); nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test to compare and find the differences were used. Results: The average length of deciduous upper first molars was 13.53 mm, 5.61 mm crown and root 7.92 mm. The average diameter of the palatal root cana...
18
artículo
Publicado 2016
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Objetivo: Determinar la longitud total y diámetro mayor a nivel cervical, medio y apical de los conduc-tos radiculares de la raíz palatina (Rp), raíz mesial (Rm) y raíz distal (Rd) del primer molar superior de-ciduo utilizando la tomografía Cone Beam. Materiales y método: Estudio descriptivo transversal. Una muestra de 21 primeros molares superiores deciduos con la longitud de la raíz completa y sin fractura. Los dientes fueron escaneados utilizando la Tomografía Cone Beam y se midió el diámetro del conducto radicular tomando tres puntos de referencia: cervical, medio y apical. Las imágenes obtenidas fueron analizadas y medidas mediante un software procesador de imágenes 3D. Las medidas de los conductos fueron realizadas por un solo observador (CCI=0.70). Se usaron las pruebas no paramétricas de Kruskal-Wallis para comparar y encontrar las diferencias. Resultados: Longitud m...
19
tesis de grado
Publicado 2025
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Desde la invención de las máquinas despulpadoras de café, estas se han convertido en una herramienta esencial en las industrias cafetaleras por sus beneficios, como el aumento de la producción y la reducción de la carga laboral. Sin embargo, la calidad del despulpado no ha sido suficientemente mejorada con el tiempo. La máquina implementada en este proyecto aborda cuatro etapas cruciales del procesamiento del café: control de flujo de ingreso, tamizado pre-despulpado, despulpado y almacenamiento y fermentación. El proyecto se divide en estas etapas, detalladas en el documento. Además, se utiliza un sistema de control con un tablero, un PLC Coolmay y una pantalla HMI para optimizar el manejo y la visualización del proceso. Tras las pruebas, la máquina demostró una producción de 128 kg/h con una eficiencia del 92% en granos correctamente despulpados frente a los dañados. La o...
20
artículo
Publicado 2003
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The sample that is the subject of study is a concentrate mainly of gold pyrite, product of the flotation process, from Empresa Minera Aurífera Calpa S.A. The characterization of the concentrate in the UNMSM polarized light microscope shows the presence of pyrite, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, electrum, marcasite, pyrrhotite, arsenopyrite, rutile and gangue. In the polished briquette corresponding to the +100 mesh, the presence of electrum has been observed. In the scanning electron microscope at the University, the presence of gold particles has been observed, even in pyrite; Said particles have sizes smaller than 200 nanometers, particles of gold and silver telluride intertwined with the electrum are also observed, whose particles have sizes smaller than 2 microns. These characteristics make the concentrate refractory to conventional treatment by the cyanidation process, which constitutes ...
