The macrophages play an important role in the innate and adaptative response. Upon appropriate activation, macrophages released a variety of cytotoxic mediators like the Nitric Oxide (NO). The objective was to evaluate the production of NO for murine peritoneal macrophages cultivated with methanol extracts (ME) of different ecotypes of Lepidium peruvianum Chacón (at present Lepidium meyenii Walp.) red, black, purple and white. The ME was prepared using maca powdered macerated in methanol (1:2) during 10 days. Peritoneal macrophages were obtained of mice 3 days after having injected them 1 ml of thioglycolate broth; they were cultivated for triplicate during 18 hrs at 37 °C in RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum. The dose of ME was of 800 μg/ml for ecotype, were considered controls without ME. The production of NO was assayed by nitrite accumulation in the supernata...

The macrophages play an important role in the innate and adaptative response. Upon appropriate activation, macrophages released a variety of cytotoxic mediators like the Nitric Oxide (NO). The objective was to evaluate the production of NO for murine peritoneal macrophages cultivated with methanol extracts (ME) of different ecotypes of Lepidium peruvianum Chacón (at present Lepidium meyenii Walp.) red, black, purple and white. The ME was prepared using maca powdered macerated in methanol (1:2) during 10 days. Peritoneal macrophages were obtained of mice 3 days after having injected them 1 ml of thioglycolate broth; they were cultivated for triplicate during 18 hrs at 37 °C in RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum. The dose of ME was of 800 μg/ml for ecotype, were considered controls without ME. The production of NO was assayed by nitrite accumulation in the supernata...

Life expectancy at birth in all countries is above the diagonal parity line – all over the world, a newborn girl can expect to live longer than a newborn boy(1). Because of this, preventive health care should be implemented since birth. In addition, during the reproductive period, gynecologists should advise future mothers to be in good health when getting pregnant and to avoid unintended or forced pregnancies and potential environmental threats to the fetus. A group of researchers has found that black carbon particles accumulate on the fetal side of the placenta; this suggests that ambient particulates could be transported towards the fetus(2). Pregnant women who are exposed to higher air pollution levels during their second pregnancy may be at greater risk for preterm birth, when compared with their first pregnancy(3).

STUDY OBJECTIVES: We sought to evaluate the construct validity and factor structure of the Spanish-language version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) among pregnant Peruvian women. METHODS: A cohort of 642 women were interviewed at ≤ 16 weeks of gestation. During interview, we ascertained information about lifestyles, demographics, sleep characteristics, and mood symptoms. Stress induced sleep disturbance, depressive symptoms, and anxiety symptoms were evaluated using the Ford Insomnia Response to Stress Test (FIRST), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) assessment scales, respectively. Consistency indices, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, correlations, and logistic regressions were used. RESULTS: Both exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses indicated a three-factor solution: sleep quality, sleep efficiency, and...

La investigación justifica el valor de la experiencia del aburrimiento, ahondando en su relevancia en el marco de la sociedad contemporánea. La metodología está situada dentro del paradigma interpretativo de enfoque cualitativo, bajo una investigación de tipo teórico y un diseño de carácter descriptivo. Las categorías apriorísticas tienen sustento epistemológico en las teorías de Husserl (1962), Heidegger (1997), Nietzsche (2003), Schopenhauer (2004) y Sartre (2016). Para esta investigación, se usó la plataforma Google Scholar para la consulta de más de 300 fuentes bibliográficas en español, inglés y francés, posibilitando una mirada comprensiva y objetiva del problema, sin pretensión de abarcarlo en toda su complejidad. Este sólido marco teórico garantizó un adecuado análisis fenomenológico interpretativo de las distintas formas contemporáneas de lo aburrido, h...