Introduction: Pregestational maternal nutritional status and weight gain during pregnancy affect maternal and perinatal conditions and increases the risk of low birth weight, preterm birth and perinatal maternal mortality. Objectives: To determine nutritional status and weight gain of Peruvian pregnant women. Design: Cross-sectional observational study conducted during 2009-2010 in Peru. Setting: National Institutes of Health, Lima, Peru Participants: Pregnant women residing in Peruvian households. Interventions: The sample was probabilistic, stratified, multistage and independent in each department. From the sample of 22 640 households 552 pregnant women were included. Anthropometric measurements were performed according to international methodology. Nutritional status and weight gain during pregnancy were obtained by using pre-pregnancy bone mass index according to the Institute of Med...

Introduction. Household dietary diversity is key element in the quality of the diet in children. Objective. To estimate household dietary diversity and chronic malnutrition (CM) in Peruvian children. Design. A cross-sectional study was conducted during 2012-2013. Setting. National Institute of Health, Lima, Peru. Participants. Children between 6 to 35 months living in Peruvian households. Interventions. Probabilistic, stratified and multistage sampling. The sample included 13 216 households with 1 315 children. Dietary diversity (DD) was defined as 4-7 intake of food groups during the previous day by the World Health Organization (WHO) standard. An analysis of complex samples was made in SPSS and the weighting factor was adjusted. Percentages, chi square and OR were calculated. Written informed consent of the parents was requested. Main outcome measures. Dietary diversity. Results. 75.5%...

Introduction: Excessive intra-abdominal fat is related to metabolic alterations that increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Objective: To describe the risk of cardiovascular disease according to abdominal circumference in Peruvians. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: National Institute of Health (NIH), Peru. Participants: Peruvians aged ≥12 years or older. Interventions: Probabilistic sampling, stratified, multistage. The sample included 1 191 conglomerates with 7 914 households distributed in Peru, in 2013-2014. 16 832 inhabitants ≥12 year old were evaluated. The cardiovascular risk was classified as low, high and very high. The NIH performed the AC assessment and the National Institute of Statistics and Informatics (NISI) calculated the sample and weights. Main outcome measures: Cardiovascular risk according to AC. Results: 50.1% presented low risk of cardiovascular dis...

ABSTRACT Objective To estimate the bacteriological quality of drinking water in Huancavelica, Cajamarca and Huánuco during 2012-2013 Material and Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted. Sampling was probabilistic, stratified and multistage. The sample included 706 households. The Readycult ® kit was used to assess the presence of total coliforms and E. coli. 100 mL of water used for food preparation was collected. The determination of residual chlorine was performed by semiquantitative analysis using Chlorine Test Reagent ®. It was established as the ideal residual chlorine concentration ≥0,5 mg/L. The statistical analysis considered the necessary weight for complex samples. We calculed percentages and chi square. The informed consent of the head of household is requested. It was defined as good bacteriological quality of water: water sample with adequate free chlorine, in th...

Introduction: The health status of Peru requires more health professionals provide care in health facilities of primary care, mainly located in remote, rural or poorer areas of the country. Objective: To identify professional and personal expectations of future health professionals who are trained in a medical school in Lima, particularly work on the first level of health care. Design: observational, descriptive and exploratory study. Location: Faculty of Medicine, National University of San Marcos, Lima, Peru. Participants: Students pre boarding of Professional Academic Schools. Interventions: The convenience sample and included 278 students from five schools that make medical school. An ad hoc questionnaire with aspects relating to labor, economic and vision of students as future professionals wondered expectations was applied. Means, standard deviation, frequency distribution, confide...

Objective: To evaluate the impact of an educational intervention in reducing the prevalence of overweight and obesity, in diet and in the levels of physical activity of primary school children. Methods: The study was quantitative, analytical, quasiexperimental. The sample consisted of 272 elementary school students, divided into two groups of 136 children each, with intervention and without educational intervention. Nutritional status was measured at the beginning and after the educational intervention in both groups. The intervention consisted of carrying out training activities on healthy eating, healthy lifestyle, wáter intake and physical activity, all through playful games and educational workshops. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (UNMSM - School of Medicine). Reults: The age of the students was between 6 and 1...

El objetivo de esta publicación es determinar el nivel de actividad física en los miembros del hogar entre 15 a 69 años que residen en los hogares de la muestra de la Encuesta Nacional de Hogares. Los materiales y métodos que se realizó fue un estudio transversal donde se empleó muestreo probabilístico, estratificado, multietápico. Se incluyó 53 836 miembros, cuya edad fluctúo entre 15 a 69 años que residen en los hogares que constituyen la muestra de la Encuesta Nacional de Hogares.

El presente módulo está dirigido a las personas que asumirán la responsabilidad de desarrollar el proceso de capacitación del personal de campo que aplicará las encuestas a nivel regional. A través de su lectura y aplicación se podrán desarrollar conocimientos, habilidades, destrezas, y una mejor comprensión de las técnicas y procedimientos que forman parte del estudio. Abarca una serie de aspectos teóricos y prácticos que podrán ser medidos en términos de conocimientos, comprensión y aplicación. La metodología propuesta fomentará los procesos de aprendizaje sobre la base de la práctica, al ritmo y nivel de los participantes.

El módulo está organizado de la siguiente manera: diseño metodológico de la encuesta, consideraciones para el trabajo de campo e instructivo de la encuesta. Presenta los instructivos e indicaciones para el correcto llenado del instrumento, en los cuales se señala el miembro del equipo responsable del llenado así como del objetivo. La parte final del módulo incluye los anexos que contienen los formatos respectivos.

El módulo de supervisión incluye los procedimientos e instrumentos que se emplean para asegurar la calidad de los datos recolectados en el trabajo de campo mediante el acompañamiento del monitor para contribuir a mejorar la aplicación de la metodología, técnicas y procedimientos de la encuesta de vigilancia de indicadores nutricionales.

Las enfermedades infecciosas demandan consultas médicas en todos los niveles de atención, en consecuencia, el trabajador que labora en las áreas de mayor riesgo (servicios de urgencias, emergencia, unidades de cuidados intensivos, hospitalización, entre otros), se encuentra expuesto al contacto con múltiples gérmenes patógenos, convirtiéndolo en un potencial portador y transmisor hacia otros pacientes, e incluso entre sus familiares más cercanos o la sociedad en general. Los trabajadores de la salud están expuestos al riesgo de contraer enfermedades debido a la la naturaleza de su trabajo, las cuales lo hace proclives a ser posibles portadores de enfermedades infecciosas que se transmiten por sangre o por aerosoles, tales como el VIH, virus de la hepatitis B (VHB), tuberculosis, la influenza A H1N1, entre otros.

La influenza es una enfermedad altamente transmisible y de distribución mundial transmitida de persona a persona mediante aerosoles de saliva que se generan al toser o estornudar y son inhalados por terceras personas hacia su tracto respiratorio superior y también por contacto con secreciones que contienen el virus

El presente módulo de Vigilancia de indicadores nutricionales (VIN) constituye un documento técnico auxiliar de la gestión administrativa, que contiene la estructura funcional, los procesos, indicadores, recurso humano (rol, perfil, funciones específicas, responsabilidades), que participa en la implementación de las VIN, así como el procesamiento y la elaboración del informe del VIN.

Objectives: To explain the role of the Peruvian Government related to participation of different stakeholders influencing regulations for authorizing clinical trials (CT). Methodology: We present part of a case study corresponding to a PhD thesis performed between 2015 and 2017. We used document information and 14 semi-structured interviews with key informants were performed. We also systematized experiences related to clinical trial authorization and inspection, as well as verification of investigation sites. We also had access to publicly available information from the Peruvian National Institute of Health. The analysis was performed within epistemological and hermeneutical frameworks, and it was approved by the Ethics Committee from San Fernando Public Medicine School. Results: Issues identified were as follows: Delay in regulatory times authorized for CTs; suspension of authorization...

Objectives: To explain the role of the Peruvian Government related to participation of different stakeholders influencing regulations for authorizing clinical trials (CT). Methodology: We present part of a case study corresponding to a PhD thesis performed between 2015 and 2017. We used document information and 14 semi-structured interviews with key informants were performed. We also systematized experiences related to clinical trial authorization and inspection, as well as verification of investigation sites. We also had access to publicly available information from the Peruvian National Institute of Health. The analysis was performed within epistemological and hermeneutical frameworks, and it was approved by the Ethics Committee from San Fernando Public Medicine School. Results: Issues identified were as follows: Delay in regulatory times authorized for CTs; suspension of authorization...

Objetive: Evaluate the quality of doctoral theses at the Faculty of Medicine of the Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Methods: Descriptive study, which consisted of the review of 114 theses on health topics in all four doctoral programs - Medicine, Nursing, Health Sciences and Neurosciences - from the creation of the first doctoral program in 1999, until 2020. Four quality indicators were used: scientific problem, sample, analysis (comparability) and conclusions, as well as other complementary indicators to evaluate the writing of the thesis and its social relevance, categorizing them into excellent, acceptable and not acceptable. Results: With the quality indicators there were 32 excellent theses (28.1%), 34 (29.8%) acceptable, and 48 (42.1%) not acceptable. On the other hand, 63 theses (55.2%) had good syntax (acceptable) and in 5 (3.4%) did not make good use of scientific term...

Observational epidemiologic studies conducted during the past years in several countries reported favorable associationbetween wheat flour fortified with folic acid and reduced cases of neural tube defects (NTD). Objectives: To determine the globalincidence rate (GIR) of neuronal tube defects (NTD) and their reduction in the post-fortifying phase (2006-2010) of wheat flour withfolic acid. Design: Observational, descriptive and retrospective study. Setting: Instituto Nacional Materno Perinatal - INMP, Peru.Participants: Neonates. Interventions: We reviewed 88 236 medical histories of neonates born between 2006 and 2010 and average,standard deviations, absolute and relative frequencies were obtained. NTD trend was measured statistically by Prais Winsten. Poissontest was used to measure 95% CI for GIR of NTD. Main outcome measures: Global incidence rate (GIR) of NTD. Results: A total of 77m...

Introduction: Teenagers represent somehow a fifth of the population and are not away from nutritional problems. Objectives: To determine the nutritional status, growth and some determining factors in adolescents in Peru. Design: Descriptive, observational, transversal study. Participants: Adolescents. Interventions: Weight, height, body mass index were obtained from 14 753 adolescents 10-19 yearold. Must percentile reference and WHO Z score were used. Main outcome measures: Averages and DE, prevalence CI 95%, OR IC 95%, chi-square and multiple regressions were obtained. Results: Prevalence of deficit, underweight, normal, overweight and obesity found respectively were 2.6; 5.9; 79; 9.3 and 3.2 (Must); 0.2; 1.1; 82.6; 12.5; 3.5% (WHO). Overweight- obesity predominated in urban areas, in non-poor areas , the coast, jungle and Metropolitan Lima,and in those lived below 3 000 masl. Risk fact...

Introduction. Waist circumference is an important anthropometric measure in the study of obesity, but there is no reference from a national population. Objective. To present a smoothed reference percentile and to show some characteristics of variables studied. Design. Descriptive, observational, cross-sectional study. Participants. Teenagers. Interventions. Waist circumference was measured in 8 236 adolescents aged 14 to 19 years old. Main outcome measures. Averages, standard deviation and prevalence of cardiovascular risk. Results. A national reference of waist circumference values is presented and the value corresponding to the 90 percentile is taken as cutoff level to identify adolescents with cardiovascular risk. Of the population studied, 12% were at risk. Those presenting higher risk were the male adolescents (12.1%), those living in urban areas (15.9%), in the Southern Coast (27.1...

Artículo online