Observational epidemiologic studies conducted during the past years in several countries reported favorable associationbetween wheat flour fortified with folic acid and reduced cases of neural tube defects (NTD). Objectives: To determine the globalincidence rate (GIR) of neuronal tube defects (NTD) and their reduction in the post-fortifying phase (2006-2010) of wheat flour withfolic acid. Design: Observational, descriptive and retrospective study. Setting: Instituto Nacional Materno Perinatal - INMP, Peru.Participants: Neonates. Interventions: We reviewed 88 236 medical histories of neonates born between 2006 and 2010 and average,standard deviations, absolute and relative frequencies were obtained. NTD trend was measured statistically by Prais Winsten. Poissontest was used to measure 95% CI for GIR of NTD. Main outcome measures: Global incidence rate (GIR) of NTD. Results: A total of 77m...

Introducción. Recientes epidemias de enfermedades infecciosas desatendidas (EID) traen a colación problemas existentes como el poco desarrollo de nuevos medicamentos por parte de la industria farmacéutica. Se genera así poca o nula oferta de medicamentos contra dichas enfermedades. Dentro del proceso de globalización, la industria farmacéutica viene desarrollando una estrategiamultinacional para nuevos medicamentos según su interés en los países en vías de desarrollo. Dado que el tema tiene repercusiones en los aspectos económico, ético, político y de derechos humanos, se busca ampliar el conocimiento sobre el proceso de ejecución de ensayos clínicos (EC) sobre EID en Perú. MateRiales y MétOdO. Se revisaron 1493 EC autorizados en el Perú entre julio de 1995 yjunio 2015. Cada uno de los títulos correspondientes a las EID autorizadas fue verificado según el...

Objectives: To explain the role of the Peruvian Government related to participation of different stakeholders influencing regulations for authorizing clinical trials (CT). Methodology: We present part of a case study corresponding to a PhD thesis performed between 2015 and 2017. We used document information and 14 semi-structured interviews with key informants were performed. We also systematized experiences related to clinical trial authorization and inspection, as well as verification of investigation sites. We also had access to publicly available information from the Peruvian National Institute of Health. The analysis was performed within epistemological and hermeneutical frameworks, and it was approved by the Ethics Committee from San Fernando Public Medicine School. Results: Issues identified were as follows: Delay in regulatory times authorized for CTs; suspension of authorization...

Objectives: To explain the role of the Peruvian Government related to participation of different stakeholders influencing regulations for authorizing clinical trials (CT). Methodology: We present part of a case study corresponding to a PhD thesis performed between 2015 and 2017. We used document information and 14 semi-structured interviews with key informants were performed. We also systematized experiences related to clinical trial authorization and inspection, as well as verification of investigation sites. We also had access to publicly available information from the Peruvian National Institute of Health. The analysis was performed within epistemological and hermeneutical frameworks, and it was approved by the Ethics Committee from San Fernando Public Medicine School. Results: Issues identified were as follows: Delay in regulatory times authorized for CTs; suspension of authorization...

Introducción. Recientes epidemias de enfermedades infecciosas desatendidas (EID) traen a colación problemas existentes como el poco desarrollo de nuevos medicamentos por parte de la industria farmacéutica. Se genera así poca o nula oferta de medicamentos contra dichas enfermedades. Dentro del proceso de globalización, la industria farmacéutica viene desarrollando una estrategiamultinacional para nuevos medicamentos según su interés en los países en vías de desarrollo. Dado que el tema tiene repercusiones en los aspectos económico, ético, político y de derechos humanos, se busca ampliar el conocimiento sobre el proceso de ejecución de ensayos clínicos (EC) sobre EID en Perú. MateRiales y MétOdO. Se revisaron 1493 EC autorizados en el Perú entre julio de 1995 yjunio 2015. Cada uno de los títulos correspondientes a las EID autorizadas fue verificado según el...

Objetive: Evaluate the quality of doctoral theses at the Faculty of Medicine of the Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Methods: Descriptive study, which consisted of the review of 114 theses on health topics in all four doctoral programs - Medicine, Nursing, Health Sciences and Neurosciences - from the creation of the first doctoral program in 1999, until 2020. Four quality indicators were used: scientific problem, sample, analysis (comparability) and conclusions, as well as other complementary indicators to evaluate the writing of the thesis and its social relevance, categorizing them into excellent, acceptable and not acceptable. Results: With the quality indicators there were 32 excellent theses (28.1%), 34 (29.8%) acceptable, and 48 (42.1%) not acceptable. On the other hand, 63 theses (55.2%) had good syntax (acceptable) and in 5 (3.4%) did not make good use of scientific term...

Objetive: To determine the prevalence of E. coli among positive urine cultures and antimicrobial susceptibility according to their ESBL+. Methods: An observational, descriptive, and retrospective case series study was carried out evaluating medical records of patients with urinary tract infections hospitalized in a prestigious clinic in Lima between 2019 and 2021. Positive urine cultures and their antibiograms were analyzed. Results: The highest prevalence corresponded to Escherichia coli with 65% and, particularly 15%, that of Escherichia coli ESBL+, followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae ssp (14.77%), Staphylococcuss saprophyticus (5.68%), Proteus mirabilis (3.41%), Enterococcus sp. (2.27%), among others. According to the antibiograms, there was a higher prevalence of resistance for E. coli ESBL to the following antibiotics: Amoxicillin- clavulanic acid (100%), ampicillin (100%), cephalotin...

Explica el rol del Estado Peruano en ensayos clínicos relacionados con los procesos participativos de los diversos actores que influyen en la regulación y promoción de los ensayos clínicos. Realiza un estudio de caso que utilizó la información documental. Emplea las técnicas cualitativas de investigación, fundamentalmente entrevistas semiestructuradas a informantes claves provenientes de diversos actores, sistematización de experiencias en la revisión, autorización e inspección de ensayos clínicos y centros de investigación. El análisis se realiza en un marco epistemológico, hermenéutico, sociológico, ético en el contexto de la globalización. Se evidencia la demora en el tiempo regular para autorizar los ensayos, así como para las reconsideraciones y apelaciones. También se evidencia modificaciones al reglamento de ensayos clínicos luego de diez meses de aprobado e...

Introduction: The health status of Peru requires more health professionals provide care in health facilities of primary care, mainly located in remote, rural or poorer areas of the country. Objective: To identify professional and personal expectations of future health professionals who are trained in a medical school in Lima, particularly work on the first level of health care. Design: observational, descriptive and exploratory study. Location: Faculty of Medicine, National University of San Marcos, Lima, Peru. Participants: Students pre boarding of Professional Academic Schools. Interventions: The convenience sample and included 278 students from five schools that make medical school. An ad hoc questionnaire with aspects relating to labor, economic and vision of students as future professionals wondered expectations was applied. Means, standard deviation, frequency distribution, confide...

Objectives. To determine level of knowledge and practices on the measures of prevention of infections associated with health care (HAI) and factors associated with in incoming resident physicians 2018 of a university of Lima, Peru. Methods. A validated questionnaire was applied to 171 resident physicians in a cross-sectional study. Variables studied were age, sex, time as a professional, previous training, origin, type of university of origin, among others. Results. It was observed that 52% are female, 49% had 2 or less years as a medical professional, 49% came from a university in the interior of the country, only 34% occupied a captive vacancy and 71.9% had previous training on HAI prevention measures. 83% of the incoming resident physicians studied showed a low level of knowledge about HAI prevention measures while 68.4% of the incoming resident physicians studied showed inappropriate...

Objective: To evaluate the impact of an educational intervention in reducing the prevalence of overweight and obesity, in diet and in the levels of physical activity of primary school children. Methods: The study was quantitative, analytical, quasiexperimental. The sample consisted of 272 elementary school students, divided into two groups of 136 children each, with intervention and without educational intervention. Nutritional status was measured at the beginning and after the educational intervention in both groups. The intervention consisted of carrying out training activities on healthy eating, healthy lifestyle, wáter intake and physical activity, all through playful games and educational workshops. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (UNMSM - School of Medicine). Reults: The age of the students was between 6 and 1...