The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of three extenders and four combinations of two permeant and two non permeant cryoprotectant agents on the quality of post thaw ram semen. In Experiment 1, three extender were evaluated (A, B, and C) in order to select the best for the next step. In Experiment 2, different combinations of cryoprotectant agents were evaluated as follow: 1) Glycerol–Trehalose, 2) Glycerol– Sucrose, 3) Ethylene glycol-Trehalose, and 4) Ethylene glycol–Sucrose. In experiment 1, motility, viability and acrosomal integrity in extender A were higher than in extender B and extender C, and therefore, extender A was used for experiment 2. In this assay, motility, viability and acrosomal integrity, thermoresistance, and plasmatic membrane integrity were higher in groups Glycerol-sucrose and Glycerol-trehalose in comparison with groups Ethilene glycol-sucro...

Se presentan los hallazgos clínicos y tomográficos de un carnero reproductor de 3.5 años, de raza Corriedale, con signos de alteraciones nerviosas. Al examen físico presentó signos de depresión, postura anormal, ataxia y paresia facial derecha, producto de un síndrome de hemisferio izquierdo. El examen radiográfico no reveló alteraciones, pero en la tomografía axial computarizada craneal se halló una masa hipodensa bilobulada de 6.4 x 3.4 cm. de diámetros antero posterior por transverso, localizada en el lado izquierdo, desde la región frontal hasta la región occipital. El parénquima residual estaba desplazado en sentido periférico y con alteración de la densidad, sin poderse diferenciar sustancia gris de sustancia blanca, las cavidades ventriculares se encontraban colapsadas, la fosa posterior mostraba una depresión del cerebelo, y los espacios epidural y subdural se e...

The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of the bovine leukemia virus in a dairy farm of a public university of Lima, Peru through the circulating antibodies against the virus. The disease is prevalent in the farm as in many other dairy farms in the area. The results showed a prevalence of 92.7% (51/55), where 100, 97, and 60% of animals older than 5 years old, from 2 to 5 years old, and less than 2 years old were seropositive respectively. It is recognized the importance of initiating a control and eradication programme that can be used as a model for other commercial dairy farms in the Lima region.

This paper presents and discusses the clinical and pathological findings of an outbreak of neonatal diarrhea that caused a high mortality in a dairy farm in Lima, Peru. The diarrheas did not respond to antibiotics and occurred in calves less than one month old. The animals showed signs of dehydration, fluid feces, fever and marked depression of sensory. They were negative for coronavirus and rotavirus but were positive for Criptosporidium sp. In the post mortem study, a severe diffuse acute mucohemorrhagic enterocolitis was found and the histopathological diagnosis corroborated that it was a severe acute diffuse catarrhal enteritis associated with Cryptosporidium sp and bacterial nests. In the barn was found deficiencies in the management of colostrum and hygiene of the containers in which the milk was offered to the calves. The problem was solved introducing a series of good practices i...

El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar el efecto de tres dilutores y cuatro combinaciones de dos agentes crioprotectores permeantes más dos no permeantes sobre la calidad del semen ovino post-descongelamiento. Para esto, en una primera fase se evaluaron entre tres dilutores (A, B y C) y el más adecuado se usó en una segunda fase, donde se evaluaron las siguientes combinaciones de agentes crioprotectores permeantes y no permeantes: 1) Glicerol - Trehalosa, 2) Glicerol - Sacarosa, 3) Etilenglicol - Trehalosa y 4) Etilenglicol - Sacarosa. En el experimento 1, se encontró que el Dilutor A mantenía mejor la motilidad progresiva, viabilidad e integridad acrosomal post-descongelamiento en comparación con los dilutores B y C, por lo que el Dilutor A se empleó en el experimento 2. En este ensayo se encontró que la motilidad progresiva, la viabilidad e integridad acrosomal, la termoresistenci...

This report describes the clinical and computed tomography findings in a stud Corriedale ram, 3.5 years old, with signs of nervous disorders. Physical examination showed signs of depression, abnormal posture, ataxia, right facial paresis, due to a left hemisphere syndrome. X-ray examination revealed no abnormalities, but a cranial computed tomography scan showed a hypodense bilobed mass of 6.4 x 3.4 cm anteroposterior by transverse diameters, located from the front to the occipital region of the left side. The residual parenchyma was shifted towards the periphery with alteration of the density, unable to differentiate the gray matter from the white matter, the ventricular cavities were collapsed, the posterior fossa showed a depression exerted by the cerebellar lesion, and the epidural and subdural spaces were diminished. The pathological diagnosis was hypodense tumoral lesion in the lef...

The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of the bovine leukemia virus in a dairy farm of a public university of Lima, Peru through the circulating antibodies against the virus. The disease is prevalent in the farm as in many other dairy farms in the area. The results showed a prevalence of 92.7% (51/55), where 100, 97, and 60% of animals older than 5 years old, from 2 to 5 years old, and less than 2 years old were seropositive respectively. It is recognized the importance of initiating a control and eradication programme that can be used as a model for other commercial dairy farms in the Lima region.

This paper presents and discusses the clinical and pathological findings of an outbreak of neonatal diarrhea that caused a high mortality in a dairy farm in Lima, Peru. The diarrheas did not respond to antibiotics and occurred in calves less than one month old. The animals showed signs of dehydration, fluid feces, fever and marked depression of sensory. They were negative for coronavirus and rotavirus but were positive for Criptosporidium sp. In the post mortem study, a severe diffuse acute mucohemorrhagic enterocolitis was found and the histopathological diagnosis corroborated that it was a severe acute diffuse catarrhal enteritis associated with Cryptosporidium sp and bacterial nests. In the barn was found deficiencies in the management of colostrum and hygiene of the containers in which the milk was offered to the calves. The problem was solved introducing a series of good practices i...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of two monosaccharides (fructose and glucose) and two cryoprotectants (glycerol and ethylene glycol) on semen quality after the cryopreservation process under a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement. The variables evaluated were progressive motility, viability, and acrosomal integrity. Motility was greater with the use of glycerol (65.5%) compared to the use of ethylene glycol (49.0%) (p<0.05); also, motility using fructose was higher with the use of fructose (59.3%) than when using glucose (55.1%) (p<0.05). Acrosomal integrity was superior with the use of glycerol (58.2%) compared with ethylene glycol (42.0%); also, acrosomal integrity was superior with the use of fructose (53.8%) than when using glucose (46.4%) (p<0.05). The energy source x cryoprotectant interaction was not statistically significant. The results showed that the use of gl...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of two monosaccharides (fructose and glucose) and two cryoprotectants (glycerol and ethylene glycol) on semen quality after the cryopreservation process under a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement. The variables evaluated were progressive motility, viability, and acrosomal integrity. Motility was greater with the use of glycerol (65.5%) compared to the use of ethylene glycol (49.0%) (p<0.05); also, motility using fructose was higher with the use of fructose (59.3%) than when using glucose (55.1%) (p<0.05). Acrosomal integrity was superior with the use of glycerol (58.2%) compared with ethylene glycol (42.0%); also, acrosomal integrity was superior with the use of fructose (53.8%) than when using glucose (46.4%) (p<0.05). The energy source x cryoprotectant interaction was not statistically significant. The results showed that the use of gl...

The aim of this study was to determine the severity and duration of heat stress in dairy calves and heifers of the five main dairy localities in Lima, Peru (Végueta, Huacho, Huaral, Lurin, Cañete) during the period 2010-2013. The temperature-humidity index load (ITH load) and the duration of the heat stress per month and location were evaluated. In addition, the percentage of days in the year in which ITH load was greater than 0. The results showed that the ITH load was greater than zero in all months of the year for heifers. Also, February was the month where heat stress occurred with greater severity and duration, both in heifers and in calves and Cañete was the locality with the highest ITH overload for calves and heifers. Regarding the duration of heat stress, heifers and calves spent about 10 and 5 hours a day, respectively, exposed to caloric stress during the summer months. Hei...

It is reported the case of a pregnant Holstein cow with abdominal distension, depression, decrease in milk production. In the clinical examination ruminal hypermotility was observed, both in the regional inspection and in the auscultation of the rumen. In the exploratory puncture in the left paralumbar fossa, bubbles were observed, confirming the presence of foamy tympanism in the rumen. The clinical signs showed a picture compatible with the vagal indigestion syndrome. An exploratory laparotomy was performed to confirm the diagnosis and evaluation of the damage of the organ, and as a therapeutic measure, a rumenotomy was conducted to remove most of the ruminal content. After the surgical intervention, the physiological constants were restored. The animal showed remarkable improvement and ended the pregnancy successfully.

The aim of this study was to determine the severity and duration of heat stress in dairy calves and heifers of the five main dairy localities in Lima, Peru (Végueta, Huacho, Huaral, Lurin, Cañete) during the period 2010-2013. The temperature-humidity index load (ITH load) and the duration of the heat stress per month and location were evaluated. In addition, the percentage of days in the year in which ITH load was greater than 0. The results showed that the ITH load was greater than zero in all months of the year for heifers. Also, February was the month where heat stress occurred with greater severity and duration, both in heifers and in calves and Cañete was the locality with the highest ITH overload for calves and heifers. Regarding the duration of heat stress, heifers and calves spent about 10 and 5 hours a day, respectively, exposed to caloric stress during the summer months. Hei...

It is reported the case of a pregnant Holstein cow with abdominal distension, depression, decrease in milk production. In the clinical examination ruminal hypermotility was observed, both in the regional inspection and in the auscultation of the rumen. In the exploratory puncture in the left paralumbar fossa, bubbles were observed, confirming the presence of foamy tympanism in the rumen. The clinical signs showed a picture compatible with the vagal indigestion syndrome. An exploratory laparotomy was performed to confirm the diagnosis and evaluation of the damage of the organ, and as a therapeutic measure, a rumenotomy was conducted to remove most of the ruminal content. After the surgical intervention, the physiological constants were restored. The animal showed remarkable improvement and ended the pregnancy successfully.

This paper describes a case of colic that ended in death due to gastric impaction occurred to a mare of 12 years of age. This case was triggered by the accidental and voracious consumption of concentrate feed intended for alpacas during a failure of supervision by staff. The clinical picture was characterized by severe depression, severe abdominal pain, lateral decubitus and inability to rise, with a rapid course and poor prognosis which turned fatal. Gross lesions included severe stomach distension, which was impacted with plenty content partially digested, fibrous and dry, with mucosal ulcerations and presence of serous exudate in the abdominal cavity.

This paper describes a case of colic that ended in death due to gastric impaction occurred to a mare of 12 years of age. This case was triggered by the accidental and voracious consumption of concentrate feed intended for alpacas during a failure of supervision by staff. The clinical picture was characterized by severe depression, severe abdominal pain, lateral decubitus and inability to rise, with a rapid course and poor prognosis which turned fatal. Gross lesions included severe stomach distension, which was impacted with plenty content partially digested, fibrous and dry, with mucosal ulcerations and presence of serous exudate in the abdominal cavity.

The aim of this study was to determine the optimal concentration of glycerol, ethylene glycol and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) in the cryopreservation of epididymal spermatozoa of alpaca. The effect of different concentrations of glycerol, ethylene glycol and DMSO: T1 (0 M), T2 (0.25 M), T3 (0.5 M), T4 (0.75 M), T5 (1 M), T6 (1.25 M), T7 (1.5 M) and T8 (1.75 M) was evaluated. A polynomial regression model was used to determine the best concentration of each cryoprotectant, resulting 1.16, 1.02 and 0.9 M the optimal concentrations for glycerol, ethylene glycol and DMSO respectively. In Experiment 2, the effect of the optimal concentrations between glycerol, ethylene glycol and DMSO on motility, plasma membrane integrity, and acrosomal viability and integrity in alpaca epididymal spermatozoa were analyzed. The results showed a mean of 35.8, 51.8 and 38.3% for DMSO and 30.8, 45.0 and 33.8% for...

The aim of this study was to determine the optimal concentration of glycerol, ethylene glycol and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) in the cryopreservation of epididymal spermatozoa of alpaca. The effect of different concentrations of glycerol, ethylene glycol and DMSO: T1 (0 M), T2 (0.25 M), T3 (0.5 M), T4 (0.75 M), T5 (1 M), T6 (1.25 M), T7 (1.5 M) and T8 (1.75 M) was evaluated. A polynomial regression model was used to determine the best concentration of each cryoprotectant, resulting 1.16, 1.02 and 0.9 M the optimal concentrations for glycerol, ethylene glycol and DMSO respectively. In Experiment 2, the effect of the optimal concentrations between glycerol, ethylene glycol and DMSO on motility, plasma membrane integrity, and acrosomal viability and integrity in alpaca epididymal spermatozoa were analyzed. The results showed a mean of 35.8, 51.8 and 38.3% for DMSO and 30.8, 45.0 and 33.8% for...

The study aimed to evaluate the superovulatory response and conception rate byapplying the technique of non-surgical embryo transfer in dairy cows of a commercialfarm in the Lima milkshed. Eight donor cows were used and distributed in two workingyears. Donors were synchronized with estrogens, progestagens and luteolitic agents,superovulated with 400 mg of FSH, and inseminated with two doses of frozen semen. Therecipient animals (n=28) were also distributed in two years. The Pre-synch protocol wasused for estrus synchronization in the first year and the CIDR-synch protocol in thesecond year. The expected day of heat presentation coincided for both donors andrecipients. The recovery of embryos was done seven days post service where embryoswere classified and immediately transferred. Pregnancy diagnosis by transrectalultrasonography was done at day 28 post transfer. A total of 23 embryos we...

El estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la respuesta superovulatoria y la tasa de concepción al aplicar la técnica no quirúrgica de transferencia de embriones en vacas lecheras de un establo comercial de la cuenca de Lima. Se utilizaron ocho vacas donadoras, distribuidas en dos años de trabajo. Estas fueron sincronizadas con estrógenos, progestágenos y agentes luteolíticos, superovuladas con 400 mg de FSHe inseminadas con dos dosis de semen congelado. Se utilizaron 28 receptoras, también distribuidas en dos años. En el primer año se sincronizaron con el protocolo Pre-synchy en el segundo año con el protocolo CIDR-synch. Se hizo coincidir el día esperado del celo de las donadoras y receptoras. Los embriones fueron recolectados en el día siete del servicio, se clasificaron y se transfirieron de inmediato a las receptoras. Eldiagnóstico de gestación se realizó mediante ultraso...