Thirty-two semen samples from four rams were frozed using two antioxidants, Tempo (2,2,6,6 tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxyl) and Tempol (4-hidroxi 2,2,6,6 tetramethyl-1- piperidinyloxyl), each one in concentrations of 0.5, 1.0, and 2.5 mM, to evaluate the effects on post-thawing motility, viability, acrosomal integrity, and earlier sperm capacitation. Eight replications for each antioxidant concentration and control group, were done using four semen samples per replication. Semen samples were diluted on a Tris extender. Results showed that Tempo 0.5 mM improved frozen semen quality in comparison with control group (p<0.05), by increasing progresive motility (79 vs. 67%), viability and acrosomal integrity (70 vs. 58%), and decreasing earlier sperm capacitation (9 vs. 15%). On the other hand, Tempol decreased frozen semen quality. In conclusion, the use of Tempo 0.5 mM on a Tris extender, ...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of two monosaccharides (fructose and glucose) and two cryoprotectants (glycerol and ethylene glycol) on semen quality after the cryopreservation process under a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement. The variables evaluated were progressive motility, viability, and acrosomal integrity. Motility was greater with the use of glycerol (65.5%) compared to the use of ethylene glycol (49.0%) (p<0.05); also, motility using fructose was higher with the use of fructose (59.3%) than when using glucose (55.1%) (p<0.05). Acrosomal integrity was superior with the use of glycerol (58.2%) compared with ethylene glycol (42.0%); also, acrosomal integrity was superior with the use of fructose (53.8%) than when using glucose (46.4%) (p<0.05). The energy source x cryoprotectant interaction was not statistically significant. The results showed that the use of gl...

Se emplearon 32 muestras de semen procedentes de cuatro ovinos a fin de ser criopreservadas con la adición dos antioxidantes: Tempo (2,2,6,6 tetrametil-1-piperidiniloxil) y Tempol (4-hidroxi 2,2,6,6 tetrametil-1-piperidiniloxil), en concentraciones de 0.5, 1.0 y 2.5 mM, para evaluar el efecto postdescongelamiento que pudieran tener sobre la motilidad progresiva, la viabilidad e integridad acrosomal y la capacitación espermática prematura. En cada concentración de los dos antioxidantes y del grupo control se utilizó un dilutor en base a Tris, realizándose ocho repeticiones, cada una con cuatro muestras de semen. Los resultados obtenidos demuestran que la adición de Tempo a una concentración de 0.5 mM mejora significativamente la calidad del semen criopreservado en comparación con el grupo control (p<0.05), incrementado los porcentajes de motilidad progresiva (79 vs. 67%), viab...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of two monosaccharides (fructose and glucose) and two cryoprotectants (glycerol and ethylene glycol) on semen quality after the cryopreservation process under a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement. The variables evaluated were progressive motility, viability, and acrosomal integrity. Motility was greater with the use of glycerol (65.5%) compared to the use of ethylene glycol (49.0%) (p<0.05); also, motility using fructose was higher with the use of fructose (59.3%) than when using glucose (55.1%) (p<0.05). Acrosomal integrity was superior with the use of glycerol (58.2%) compared with ethylene glycol (42.0%); also, acrosomal integrity was superior with the use of fructose (53.8%) than when using glucose (46.4%) (p<0.05). The energy source x cryoprotectant interaction was not statistically significant. The results showed that the use of gl...

The aim of this study was to determine the severity and duration of heat stress in dairy calves and heifers of the five main dairy localities in Lima, Peru (Végueta, Huacho, Huaral, Lurin, Cañete) during the period 2010-2013. The temperature-humidity index load (ITH load) and the duration of the heat stress per month and location were evaluated. In addition, the percentage of days in the year in which ITH load was greater than 0. The results showed that the ITH load was greater than zero in all months of the year for heifers. Also, February was the month where heat stress occurred with greater severity and duration, both in heifers and in calves and Cañete was the locality with the highest ITH overload for calves and heifers. Regarding the duration of heat stress, heifers and calves spent about 10 and 5 hours a day, respectively, exposed to caloric stress during the summer months. Hei...

El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar los indicadores de estrés calórico en las principales localidades de lechería intensiva del departamento de Lima. Se evaluaron las localidades de Végueta, Huacho, Huaral, Lurín y Cañete durante el periodo 2010-2013. Se determinó el promedio mensual y por localidad de la temperatura ambiental, la humedad relativa y el índice temperatura-humedad, la duración del estrés calórico y el índice de sobrecarga calórica (ITH Sobrecarga). Se calculó el porcentaje de días en los cuales el ITH Sobrecarga fue superior a 0 y el porcentaje de días según severidad del estrés calórico. Se demuestra que el ITH Sobrecarga fue mayor a 10 desde noviembre a mayo, con un pico en febrero. La duración del estrés calórico fue mayor a 12 horas entre enero y abril. Cañete fue la localidad con mayor ITH Sobrecarga y mayor duración de estrés calórico. L...

The aim of this study was to determine the severity and duration of heat stress in dairy calves and heifers of the five main dairy localities in Lima, Peru (Végueta, Huacho, Huaral, Lurin, Cañete) during the period 2010-2013. The temperature-humidity index load (ITH load) and the duration of the heat stress per month and location were evaluated. In addition, the percentage of days in the year in which ITH load was greater than 0. The results showed that the ITH load was greater than zero in all months of the year for heifers. Also, February was the month where heat stress occurred with greater severity and duration, both in heifers and in calves and Cañete was the locality with the highest ITH overload for calves and heifers. Regarding the duration of heat stress, heifers and calves spent about 10 and 5 hours a day, respectively, exposed to caloric stress during the summer months. Hei...

The aim of this study was to evaluate heat stress indicators in the main locations of intensive dairy production of the department of Lima. The localities of Végueta, Huacho, Huaral, Lurín and Cañete were evaluated during the period 2010-2013. The monthly and local average of air temperature, relative humidity and temperature-humidity index, the duration of the heat stress and the heat overload index (ITH Overload) were calculated. The percentage of days in which ITH Overload was greater than 0 and the percentage of days according to severity of heat stress were calculated. It was showed that the ITH Overload was greater than 10 from November to May, with a peak in February. The duration of the heat stress was greater than 12 hours between January and April. Cañete was the location with the highest ITH Overload and longest duration of heat stress. The cows in Vegueta suffered some de...

Se presentan los hallazgos clínicos y tomográficos de un carnero reproductor de 3.5 años, de raza Corriedale, con signos de alteraciones nerviosas. Al examen físico presentó signos de depresión, postura anormal, ataxia y paresia facial derecha, producto de un síndrome de hemisferio izquierdo. El examen radiográfico no reveló alteraciones, pero en la tomografía axial computarizada craneal se halló una masa hipodensa bilobulada de 6.4 x 3.4 cm. de diámetros antero posterior por transverso, localizada en el lado izquierdo, desde la región frontal hasta la región occipital. El parénquima residual estaba desplazado en sentido periférico y con alteración de la densidad, sin poderse diferenciar sustancia gris de sustancia blanca, las cavidades ventriculares se encontraban colapsadas, la fosa posterior mostraba una depresión del cerebelo, y los espacios epidural y subdural se e...

The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of the bovine leukemia virus in a dairy farm of a public university of Lima, Peru through the circulating antibodies against the virus. The disease is prevalent in the farm as in many other dairy farms in the area. The results showed a prevalence of 92.7% (51/55), where 100, 97, and 60% of animals older than 5 years old, from 2 to 5 years old, and less than 2 years old were seropositive respectively. It is recognized the importance of initiating a control and eradication programme that can be used as a model for other commercial dairy farms in the Lima region.

This report describes the clinical and computed tomography findings in a stud Corriedale ram, 3.5 years old, with signs of nervous disorders. Physical examination showed signs of depression, abnormal posture, ataxia, right facial paresis, due to a left hemisphere syndrome. X-ray examination revealed no abnormalities, but a cranial computed tomography scan showed a hypodense bilobed mass of 6.4 x 3.4 cm anteroposterior by transverse diameters, located from the front to the occipital region of the left side. The residual parenchyma was shifted towards the periphery with alteration of the density, unable to differentiate the gray matter from the white matter, the ventricular cavities were collapsed, the posterior fossa showed a depression exerted by the cerebellar lesion, and the epidural and subdural spaces were diminished. The pathological diagnosis was hypodense tumoral lesion in the lef...

The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of the bovine leukemia virus in a dairy farm of a public university of Lima, Peru through the circulating antibodies against the virus. The disease is prevalent in the farm as in many other dairy farms in the area. The results showed a prevalence of 92.7% (51/55), where 100, 97, and 60% of animals older than 5 years old, from 2 to 5 years old, and less than 2 years old were seropositive respectively. It is recognized the importance of initiating a control and eradication programme that can be used as a model for other commercial dairy farms in the Lima region.

This paper describes a case of colic that ended in death due to gastric impaction occurred to a mare of 12 years of age. This case was triggered by the accidental and voracious consumption of concentrate feed intended for alpacas during a failure of supervision by staff. The clinical picture was characterized by severe depression, severe abdominal pain, lateral decubitus and inability to rise, with a rapid course and poor prognosis which turned fatal. Gross lesions included severe stomach distension, which was impacted with plenty content partially digested, fibrous and dry, with mucosal ulcerations and presence of serous exudate in the abdominal cavity.

This paper describes a case of colic that ended in death due to gastric impaction occurred to a mare of 12 years of age. This case was triggered by the accidental and voracious consumption of concentrate feed intended for alpacas during a failure of supervision by staff. The clinical picture was characterized by severe depression, severe abdominal pain, lateral decubitus and inability to rise, with a rapid course and poor prognosis which turned fatal. Gross lesions included severe stomach distension, which was impacted with plenty content partially digested, fibrous and dry, with mucosal ulcerations and presence of serous exudate in the abdominal cavity.

The aim of this study was to determine the optimal concentration of glycerol, ethylene glycol and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) in the cryopreservation of epididymal spermatozoa of alpaca. The effect of different concentrations of glycerol, ethylene glycol and DMSO: T1 (0 M), T2 (0.25 M), T3 (0.5 M), T4 (0.75 M), T5 (1 M), T6 (1.25 M), T7 (1.5 M) and T8 (1.75 M) was evaluated. A polynomial regression model was used to determine the best concentration of each cryoprotectant, resulting 1.16, 1.02 and 0.9 M the optimal concentrations for glycerol, ethylene glycol and DMSO respectively. In Experiment 2, the effect of the optimal concentrations between glycerol, ethylene glycol and DMSO on motility, plasma membrane integrity, and acrosomal viability and integrity in alpaca epididymal spermatozoa were analyzed. The results showed a mean of 35.8, 51.8 and 38.3% for DMSO and 30.8, 45.0 and 33.8% for...

The effect of glucose, fructose, trehalose, and sucrose, as components of the extender, was evaluated on canine sperm viability during refrigeration at 5 ºC. The spermatic fraction of 16 dog ejaculations were distributed in 5 aliquots containing an extender based on Tris – citric acid – egg yolk, but differing in the presence of one of the sugars, plus a control without sugar. The five treatments were evaluated after 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours of refrigeration in relation to progressive motility and functional integrity of the membrane by the hypoosmotic swelling test (HOS). All groups, with the exception of the control group, the sperm motility maintained within acceptable ranges during the study (90% on day 0 and 60% on day 4). The integrity of the membrane remained slightly superior in groups with sugar (87-90%) in comparison with the control group (83-85%). The glucose and sucrose...

Se evaluó el efecto la glucosa, fructosa, trehalosa y sacarosa, como componentes del diluyente, sobre la viabilidad espermática en semen canino refrigerado a 5 °C. La fracción espermática de 16 eyaculados de perro fue distribuida en cinco alícuotas conteniendo un diluyente a base de Tris - ácido cítrico - yema de huevo, pero con un azúcar distinto, además del control sin azúcar. Los cinco tratamientos se evaluaron a las 24, 48, 72 y 96 horas de refrigeración en base a motilidad progresiva e integridad funcional de membrana mediante la prueba hipoosmótica (HOS). En todos los grupos, a excepción del grupo control, la motilidad espermática se mantuvo dentro de rangos aceptables durante el estudio (90% en el día 0 hasta cerca de 60% en el día 4). Sin embargo, la integridad de membrana se mantuvo ligeramente superior en los grupos con azúcar (87-90%) en comparación con el g...

The aim of this study was to determine the optimal concentration of glycerol, ethylene glycol and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) in the cryopreservation of epididymal spermatozoa of alpaca. The effect of different concentrations of glycerol, ethylene glycol and DMSO: T1 (0 M), T2 (0.25 M), T3 (0.5 M), T4 (0.75 M), T5 (1 M), T6 (1.25 M), T7 (1.5 M) and T8 (1.75 M) was evaluated. A polynomial regression model was used to determine the best concentration of each cryoprotectant, resulting 1.16, 1.02 and 0.9 M the optimal concentrations for glycerol, ethylene glycol and DMSO respectively. In Experiment 2, the effect of the optimal concentrations between glycerol, ethylene glycol and DMSO on motility, plasma membrane integrity, and acrosomal viability and integrity in alpaca epididymal spermatozoa were analyzed. The results showed a mean of 35.8, 51.8 and 38.3% for DMSO and 30.8, 45.0 and 33.8% for...

The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of three extenders and four combinations of two permeant and two non permeant cryoprotectant agents on the quality of post thaw ram semen. In Experiment 1, three extender were evaluated (A, B, and C) in order to select the best for the next step. In Experiment 2, different combinations of cryoprotectant agents were evaluated as follow: 1) Glycerol–Trehalose, 2) Glycerol– Sucrose, 3) Ethylene glycol-Trehalose, and 4) Ethylene glycol–Sucrose. In experiment 1, motility, viability and acrosomal integrity in extender A were higher than in extender B and extender C, and therefore, extender A was used for experiment 2. In this assay, motility, viability and acrosomal integrity, thermoresistance, and plasmatic membrane integrity were higher in groups Glycerol-sucrose and Glycerol-trehalose in comparison with groups Ethilene glycol-sucro...

El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar el efecto de tres dilutores y cuatro combinaciones de dos agentes crioprotectores permeantes más dos no permeantes sobre la calidad del semen ovino post-descongelamiento. Para esto, en una primera fase se evaluaron entre tres dilutores (A, B y C) y el más adecuado se usó en una segunda fase, donde se evaluaron las siguientes combinaciones de agentes crioprotectores permeantes y no permeantes: 1) Glicerol - Trehalosa, 2) Glicerol - Sacarosa, 3) Etilenglicol - Trehalosa y 4) Etilenglicol - Sacarosa. En el experimento 1, se encontró que el Dilutor A mantenía mejor la motilidad progresiva, viabilidad e integridad acrosomal post-descongelamiento en comparación con los dilutores B y C, por lo que el Dilutor A se empleó en el experimento 2. En este ensayo se encontró que la motilidad progresiva, la viabilidad e integridad acrosomal, la termoresistenci...