The problem of morbidity and mortality of guinea pigs in a farm in the province of Trujillo, La Libertad region, is described. Due to vitamin C levels, blood and lesions, a deficiency of vitamin C was diagnosed and therefore alfalfa ad libitum was supplemented during 21 days in four animals on days 0, 1, 7, 14 and 21 of the supplementations. The increase in blood ascorbic acid levels was observed from the first day of the supplementation and its normalization at the end of the evaluation period. Moreover, the complete recovery of body condition in the evaluated animals.

The present study was carried out to evaluate the compensatory growth (CG) in alpacas as the effect of a energy restriction period, measured in terms of body weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion and recover index. Twenty weaned female alpacas underwent a restricted feed intake phase and a compensatory phase of 60 days each. Treatments during the restriction phase were: No restriction level (NR): 3.5% dry matter (DM) of body weight (BW), Moderate restriction level (Rmod): 2.5% DM of BW, Medium restriction level (Rme): 1.8% DM of BW, High restriction level (RH): 1.08% DM of BW. The animals were feed ad libitum with the same type of feed during the compensatory phase. The growth rate during the compensatory phase varied according to the level of feed restriction, being higher in animals under Rmod, followed by Rme and RH. During the CG period, alpacas with feed restriction showed highe...

El presente trabajo se realizó con el objetivo de evaluar y cuantificar el crecimiento compensatorio (CC) en alpacas como respuesta a la restricción energética, medido en términos de ganancia de peso, consumo y conversión de alimento, e índice de recuperación. Se utilizaron 20 alpacas hembras destetadas que fueron sometidas a una fase de restricción energética y otra de compensación alimenticia de 60 días cada una. Los tratamientos durante la fase de restricción fueron: Sin restricción (SR): 3.5% de materia seca (MS) del peso vivo (PV), Restricción moderada (Rmod): 2.5% de MS del PV, Restricción media (Rme): 1.8% de MS del PV, y Restricción alta (Ral): 1.08% de MS del PV. Los animales recibieron el mismo alimento en forma ad libitum durante la fase de compensación. La tasa de crecimiento durante la fase de compensación varió de acuerdo al grado de restricción previa, ...

The problem of morbidity and mortality of guinea pigs in a farm in the province of Trujillo, La Libertad region, is described. Due to vitamin C levels, blood and lesions, a deficiency of vitamin C was diagnosed and therefore alfalfa ad libitum was supplemented during 21 days in four animals on days 0, 1, 7, 14 and 21 of the supplementations. The increase in blood ascorbic acid levels was observed from the first day of the supplementation and its normalization at the end of the evaluation period. Moreover, the complete recovery of body condition in the evaluated animals.

Semen was collected from 10 alpaca males aged 3-6 years, 3 times weekly for 3 weeks, followed by a week of rest, overa 3 month period. A heated artificial vagina was used together with a dummy model anda female in heat. Semen was collected from all l O animals utilizing both procedures. Average copulation time was 15.9 ± 0.6 and 16.8 ± 0.7 minutes using the dummy and the receptive female (p>0.05). Sperm volume averaged 1.03 ± 0.04 and 1.73 ± 0.09 ml, (p<0.05); motility was 34.2 ± 5.3 and 68.9 ± 4.9 % (p<0.05); sperm concentration was 32.8 ± 4.3 and 57.5 ± 8.3 x 104 sperm/ml (p<0.05); live and abnormal spermatozoa were 34.3 ± 4.2 vs. 72.1 ± 1.9 % (p<0.05) and 14.9 ± 1.1 vs. 13.9 ± 0.7% (p>0.05) respectively. Semen collection using an artificial vagina in conjunction a receptive female was the most suitable procedure.

Semen fue tomado a partir de 10 machos de alpaca de 3-6 años, 3 veces a la semana durante 3 semanas, seguido por una semana de descanso, durante un período de 3 meses. Una vagina artificial caliente se utiliza junto con un modelo de maniquí y una hembra en celo. El semen fue recogido de los 10 animales que utilizan ambos procedimientos. El tiempo de cópula promedio fue 15.9±0.6 y 16.8±0.7 minutos con el maniquí y la hembra receptiva (p>0,05). El volumen de esperma en promedio 1,03±0,04 y 1,73±0,09 ml, (p<0,05); la motilidad fue 34,2±5,3 y 68,9±4,9% (p<0,05); la concentración espermática fue 32,8±4,3 x 10^4 y 57,5±8,3 x 10^4 espermatozoides/ml (p<0,05); espermatozoides vivos y anormales fueron 34,3±4,2 vs 72,1±1,9% (p<0,05) y 14,9±1,1 vs 13,9±0,7% (p>0,05), respectivamente. La recolección de semen mediante vagina artificial junto a una hembra receptiv...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship of the neutral detergent fibre/ crude protein on urinary excretion of purine derivatives (PD) in alpacas. The experimental design was a 3x3 Latin Square. Three male Huacaya alpacas, 2.5 years old, confined in individual pens were used. Feed was provided once daily and water ad libitum. Three treatments based on oat hay were used where the ratios of fibre/protein was obtained according to the proportions of stems and leaves. The treatments were: T1, leaves oat hay, 58.24% neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and 6.80% crude protein (CP); T2, leaves and stems of oats, 66.31% FDN and 6.36% PC; T3, stems of oats, 70.22% FDN and 5.75% PC. Each experimental period lasted 14 days, 10 days of adaptation and 4 days of evaluation. The levels of DP urine were analyzed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The total daily excretion of DP wa...

The aim of this study was to compare the level of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) between weaned alpacas and llamas grazing cultivated pastures. It was used 63 alpacas and 64 llamas, both females and males, maintained for 21 days after weaning on cultivated pastures (association of Italian rye grass [Lolium multiflorum] and white clover [Trifolium repens]). The blood sample was taken on day 21 of the study before animals went for grazing. The chemical composition of the offered feed, BUN and the selectivity index (SI) were evaluated. The BUN determination was done by visible UV spectrophotometry with a commercial kit. The IS was determined between the botanical composition of the pasture and the botanical composition of feed consumed. The data were analyzed through the Student t test of two samples with equal variances. The chemical composition of the cultivated grass offered for dry matter, c...

El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar la relación de la fibra detergente neutro/ proteína cruda sobre la excreción urinaria de derivados de purinas (DP) en alpacas. El diseño experimental fue un Cuadrado Latino 3x3. Se utilizaron tres alpacas Huacaya machos de 2.5 años de edad, confinados en corrales individuales. El alimento fue suministrado una vez al día y con agua ad libitum. Se trabajó con tres tratamientos a base de heno de avena, donde las relaciones de fibra/proteína se obtuvieron de acuerdo a las proporciones de tallos y hojas. Los tratamientos fueron: T1, hojas de heno de avena, 58.24% de fibra detergente neutro (FDN) y 6.8% proteína cruda (PC); T2, hojas y tallo de avena, 66.31% FDN y 6.36% PC; T3, tallos de avena, 70.22% FDN y 5.75% PC. Cada periodo experimental tuvo una duración de 14 días (10 de acostumbramiento y 4 de evaluación). Los niveles de DP en or...

The aim of this study was to compare the level of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) between weaned alpacas and llamas grazing cultivated pastures. It was used 63 alpacas and 64 llamas, both females and males, maintained for 21 days after weaning on cultivated pastures (association of Italian rye grass [Lolium multiflorum] and white clover [Trifolium repens]). The blood sample was taken on day 21 of the study before animals went for grazing. The chemical composition of the offered feed, BUN and the selectivity index (SI) were evaluated. The BUN determination was done by visible UV spectrophotometry with a commercial kit. The IS was determined between the botanical composition of the pasture and the botanical composition of feed consumed. The data were analyzed through the Student t test of two samples with equal variances. The chemical composition of the cultivated grass offered for dry matter, c...

This report shows the clinical case of a female canine patient of 1.5 molth-old diagnosed with severe patellar luxation, severe deformity of the hind limbs and inability to walk, who underwent surgical correction with satisfactory results.

This paper presents the results of two cases of prostatic omentalization conducted in two canine patients who were diagnosed with prostatic abscess. The patients were 9 and 13 years old. They presented fever, frequent urination, decay, anorexia, and abdominal pain. The ultrasound showed presence of cysts/abscesses in the prostate gland. The surgical technique was developed in a simple manner without the need of using complex equipment outside the basic surgical material. Patients recovered quickly from the surgical procedure without having post-surgery complications. It is concluded that the technique of prostatic omentalization allows the effective treatment of intra-prostatic abscesses in dogs.

It is described the clinical case of a canine patient attended 30 minutes after a car accident, with a luxofracture of the thoracic vertebra 12 and its surgical treatment by a technique of segmental fixation of the thoracic vertebrae 11, 12 13 and lumbar 1, using a Steinmann nail and surgical wires. The patient presented with paraplegia and little response to the deep pain stimulus, which, in less than 24 hours after the first evaluation was null. This demonstrated the rapid deterioration of the medullary functions detectable in the clinical examination; however, the rapid action and the diagnostic images allowed the execution of the surgical technique before 24 hours after the injury. The patient recovered his posture and the march three days after surgery, managing to walk seven days after the intervention. These results confirm the need for a timely neurological evaluation with diagno...

The persistent of the aortic right arch is a congenital anomaly that is considered difficult to treat in Peru, and therefore is presented the case of a three-month-old Cocker Spaniel canine with a history of chronic regurgitation of solid foods and poor development. At clinical examination he was alert and active but with low body condition; the esophagus on palpation at the cervical level was apparently flaccid and noticeable, and at abdominal compression it seemed to increase its volume. The contrasted radiographic image revealed a marked esophageal distension located in front of the cardiac image, which gave the diagnosis of a pre-cardiac megaesophagus. The presumptive diagnosis was the presence of the fourth persistent right aortic arch, so the surgery was suggested to the owners. Exploratory thoracic surgery was performed confirming the diagnosis and corrective surgery was performed...

This report shows the clinical case of a female canine patient of 1.5 molth-old diagnosed with severe patellar luxation, severe deformity of the hind limbs and inability to walk, who underwent surgical correction with satisfactory results.

Se presentan los resultados de dos casos de omentalización prostática realizada en dos pacientes caninos que fueron diagnosticados con cuadros de abscedación prostática. La edad de los pacientes fue de 9 y 13 años. Presentaron fiebre, polaquiuria, decaimiento, anorexia y dolor abdominal. Las ecografías mostraron presencia de quistes/abscesos en la glándula prostática. La técnica quirúrgica se desarrolló de manera sencilla sin la necesidad de utilizar equipamiento complejo fuera del material quirúrgico básico. Los pacientes se recuperaron rápidamente del procedimiento quirúrgico sin observarse complicaciones pos-quirúrgicas. Se concluye que la técnica de omentalización prostática permite el tratamiento efectivo de abscesos intraprostáticos en perros.

It is described the clinical case of a canine patient attended 30 minutes after a car accident, with a luxofracture of the thoracic vertebra 12 and its surgical treatment by a technique of segmental fixation of the thoracic vertebrae 11, 12 13 and lumbar 1, using a Steinmann nail and surgical wires. The patient presented with paraplegia and little response to the deep pain stimulus, which, in less than 24 hours after the first evaluation was null. This demonstrated the rapid deterioration of the medullary functions detectable in the clinical examination; however, the rapid action and the diagnostic images allowed the execution of the surgical technique before 24 hours after the injury. The patient recovered his posture and the march three days after surgery, managing to walk seven days after the intervention. These results confirm the need for a timely neurological evaluation with diagno...

The persistent of the aortic right arch is a congenital anomaly that is considered difficult to treat in Peru, and therefore is presented the case of a three-month-old Cocker Spaniel canine with a history of chronic regurgitation of solid foods and poor development. At clinical examination he was alert and active but with low body condition; the esophagus on palpation at the cervical level was apparently flaccid and noticeable, and at abdominal compression it seemed to increase its volume. The contrasted radiographic image revealed a marked esophageal distension located in front of the cardiac image, which gave the diagnosis of a pre-cardiac megaesophagus. The presumptive diagnosis was the presence of the fourth persistent right aortic arch, so the surgery was suggested to the owners. Exploratory thoracic surgery was performed confirming the diagnosis and corrective surgery was performed...

The objective of this study was to evaluate the dry matter intake (DMI) and neutraldetergent fibre intake (NDFI) in the alpaca according to various levels of neutral detergentfibre (NDF) in the diet, and to estimate the intake based on NDF content in the diet. Four3-year-old male Huacaya alpacas of 48.6 ± 1.3 kg body weight (BW) were used in a 4x4Latin Square design. Feed was supplied ad libitum twice daily at 08:00 and 16:00 h. Thetreatments, based on oat hay with different proportions of stems and leaves, processedby a grinder at the size of 2 cm and separated by a sieve of 0.4 cm, were: leaves of oat hay(T1), 50% of oat hay and 50% of leaves of oat hay (T2), whole oat hay (T3) and stems ofoat hay (T4), corresponding to 58.24, 61.38, 66.31 and 70.22% of NDF respectively. Theresults showed that increasing the level of NDF in the diet causes a decrease on DMI(p<0.05) and without affe...

The aim of this study was to estimate the production of faeces in alpacas with the use of titanium dioxide (TiO2). A square 4x4 Latin design was used, with four animals, four treatments and four periods. Each period last for 14 days of evaluation and seven days of rest. The treatments were: T2.5 (1), 2.5 g of TiO2/animal/day; T1.25(2), 2.5 g of TiO2/animal/day divided into two doses (07:00, 16:00); T5(1), 5 g of TiO2/animal/day; T2.5(2), 5 g of TiO2/animal/day divided into two doses (07:00, 16:00). The percentages of the recovery of TiO2 were 90, 82, 78 and 52% for T2.5(1), T1.25(2), T5(1) and T2.5(2), respectively, being T2.5(2) different from the other treatments (p=0.00013). The parameters of the TiO2 excretion pattern were: intercept of the curve of TiO2 excretion at time zero (a), maximum excretion of TiO2 at time (b), constant rate of excretion of b (c), time needed of excretion of...