The aim of this study was to identify and serotype isolate strains from vendors’ hands, chopping boards and vending tables of 50 chicken meat stalls in a market in San Juan de Miraflores district, Lima, Peru. The sampling was carried out with sterile swabs on the indicated surfaces. The Stuard medium was used to transport the samples to the laboratory. The enrichment was carried out in trypticase soy broth and the isolation was developed on McConkey agar. Positive lactose colonies compatible with E. coli were identified by standard biochemical tests. Serotyping was performed using the method described by Kauffman to detect somatic (O) and flagellar (H) antigens with specific SERUNAM antisera. Results showed that 42% (63/150) of the samples were identified as E. coli, and 58 viable strains were serotyped, belonging to 40 serotypes, where O6H10 was the most frequent (10.3%, 6/58).  

El objetivo del estudio fue determinar el tipo de gingivitis felina mediante una descripción histopatológica a partir de la toma de biopsias de la mucosa gingival de gatos atendidos en una clínica veterinaria de Lima que presentaron signos clínicos de gingivitis, tales como disfagia, halitosis, molestias orales, sialorrea y pérdida de peso. Se colectaron 31 muestras de mucosa gingival para la evaluación histopatológica. El 64.5% (20/31) de los pacientes presentaron gingivitis linfoplasmocítica, donde se pudo observar la presencia de células Mott en el 15.0% (3/20). El 16.1% presentó congestión (5/31), 3.2% estomatitis crónica (1/31), 9.7% acantosis (3/31), 3.2% gingivitis neutrofílica (1/31) y 6.5% erosión (2/31). Entre los pacientes con gingivitis linfoplasmocítica, 25% presentaron un grado agudo (5/20), 63.2% fueron hembras (12/19) y 60% estuvo dentro del grupo etario de...

The aim of this study was to identify and serotype isolate strains from vendors’ hands, chopping boards and vending tables of 50 chicken meat stalls in a market in San Juan de Miraflores district, Lima, Peru. The sampling was carried out with sterile swabs on the indicated surfaces. The Stuard medium was used to transport the samples to the laboratory. The enrichment was carried out in trypticase soy broth and the isolation was developed on McConkey agar. Positive lactose colonies compatible with E. coli were identified by standard biochemical tests. Serotyping was performed using the method described by Kauffman to detect somatic (O) and flagellar (H) antigens with specific SERUNAM antisera. Results showed that 42% (63/150) of the samples were identified as E. coli, and 58 viable strains were serotyped, belonging to 40 serotypes, where O6H10 was the most frequent (10.3%, 6/58).  

El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo identificar terneros con infección congénita con el virus de la diarrea viral bovina (VDVB), en dos establos lecheros de crianza intensiva ubicados en las irrigaciones de Santa Rita de Siguas (Establo A) y Vitor (Establo B) de la cuenca lechera de Arequipa mediante la detección del VDVB en la sangre de los terneros a través de la prueba de ELISA de captura de antígeno. Con esta finalidad se obtuvieron muestras de sangre con anticoagulante de terneros de los establos A (n = 36) y B (n = 95) poco después de nacer y antes que tomen el calostro. El 0.76% (1/131) con IC mínimo 0.24 y máximo 3.5% de los terneros muestreados resulto ser un ternero con infección congénita o persistentemente infectado (PI) con el VDVB. El ternero PI fue detectado en el establo A indicando que la prevalencia de animales PI en este establo fue de 2.78% (1/36). De los...

Determina los patógenos bacterianos y parasitarios más frecuentes en cuyes de crianza familiar - comercial en tres distritos de la Provincia de Bolognesi, Departamento de Ancash. El estudio se realiza en todas las granjas de cuyes de crianza familiar - comercial de dichos distritos. Muestras de animales con signos compatibles a los agentes en evaluación, son recolectadas en el periodo del estudio. Además, se colectaron muestras de heces de camas de una población representativa. Los factores de riesgo evaluados son: tipo de crianza (productor capacitado y No capacitado), sexo (macho, hembra), raza (mejorado y criollo), grupo etareo (recría y reproductores), y localidad de origen (Aquia, Pacarenca y PamPam). Necropsia y obtención de muestras bacteriológicas, se realiza en 51 animales que muestran signos compatibles con las enfermedades en estudio, la toma de muestras de los órgano...

El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar la actividad antimicótica in vitro del aceite de romero (Rosmarinus Officinalis) sobre Microsporum canis. Se aisló una cepa de M. canis a partir de muestras clínicas. El aceite de romero se obtuvo por el método de arrastre a vapor con una concentración del 100% de pureza. Mediante el método de difusión en pocillo se enfrentó la cepa de M. canis a ocho concentraciones del aceite de romero (250, 500, 1000, 2000, 5000, 10 000, 50 000 y 100 000 ppm). Los resultados indicaron una adecuada sensibilidad de M. canis a partir de la concentración de 50 000 ppm.

El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo la identificación de bacterias presentes en la mucosa uterina de alpaca antes y después de la cópula. Se tomaron 237 muestras de mucosa uterina (177 antes y 60 después de la cópula). Para la toma de la muestra se utilizaron espéculos metálicos e hisopos protegidos para evitar contaminaciones de las muestras. Las muestras fueron conservadas y remitidas al laboratorio en tubos con medio de transporte Stuart a 4 °C. Las muestras fueron sembradas en agar sangre y MacConkey a 37 °C por 24 h y la identificación bacteriana se realizó a través de pruebas bioquímicas. Se identificaron 165 aislados bacterianos y 29 levaduras en el grupo precópula y 64 aislados bacterianos y 6 levaduras en el grupo poscópula. Las bacterias con mayor frecuencia fueron E. coli (24.9%), Providencia stuartii (16.5%), Shigella sp (16.5%), Hafnia alvei (5.9%), Serrati...

The objective of the present study was to determine the presence of Salmonella spp in wild birds that live in the surroundings of a well-managed guinea pig farm. Free-living wild birds were captured (n=185) and eight species were identified: Passer domesticus (63.8%), Volatinia jacarina (16.8%), Troglodytes aedon (2.2%), Pyrocephalus rubinus (1.1%), Molothrus bonariensis (0.5%), Crotophaga sulcirostris (1.1%), Columbina cruziana (12.9%) and Forpus coelestis (1.6%). Samples were taken through cloacal swab. Salmonella spp was isolated in 4.32% (8/185) of the wild birds, but only in Passer domesticus, Volatinia jacarina and Forpus coelestis. Likewise, two enrichment methods were used, obtaining 2.2% (4/185) of samples positive for Salmonella spp with standard enrichment and 3.8% (7/185) with delayed enrichment.

The aim of this study was to identify, serotype and determine the sensitivity profile of Salmonella enterica strains isolated from red-eared slider turtles (Trachemys sp) from two breeding centres in Lima, Peru, through cloacal swabs. The samples were isolated using tetrathionate enrichment broth, specific media such as Salmonella-Shigella agar and xylose lysine deoxycholate agar. The identification was made through biochemical tests. Serotyping through the recognition of somatic (O) and flagellar (H) antigens of the Kauffmann-White system, and the determination of sensitivity using the Kirby Bauer diffusion disk test. The results showed that 6.1% (4/66) of Salmonella enterica isolates were obtained, identifying the serotypes Salmonella Saintpaul and Salmonella Infantis. Antibacterial sensitivity tests indicated differences between strains, showing 100% sensitivity against nalidixic acid...

The aim of this study was to determine antibodies against five serovars of Leptospira spp in guinea pigs of family-commercial breeding in Cajamarca, Peru. Blood samples were collected from 242 apparently healthy guinea pigs destined for consumption on five farms. The sera were processed using the microagglutination test (MAT), considering titers >1/100 as seropositive. Reference strains from the serovars Bratislava, Canicola, Hardjo, Icterohaemorrhagiae and Pomona were used. Seroprevalences of 40.50% (98/242) (95% CI: 34.3-46.7%) were found to antibodies against Leptospira spp. The reactive serovars were Icterohaemorrhagiae (19.01%, 46/242), Canicola (16.53%, 40/242) and Pomona (8.68%, 21/144). There was no seroreactivity to Bratislava and Hardjo serovars. There was no statistical association with sex or farm. Seropositivity indicates exposure and circulation of Leptospira spp, which ...

The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of antibodies against smooth strains of Brucella (B. abortus, B. mellitensis and B. suis) in Junín breed sheep of SAIS Tupac Amaru, Peru. Serum samples (n=926) were analysed with a commercial indirect ELISA kit (IDEXX Brucellosis Serum). Only one sample was positive. The beta-pert stochastic simulation program (@Risk) determined a minimum prevalence of 0.10037% and a maximum of 0.11563%.

The aim of this study was to determine the presence of antibiotics in the liver, kidney and muscle of guinea pigs of intensive breeding in four cities of Peru. For this, 410 carcass samples (liver, kidney and muscle) were evaluated. The samples were taken during the air-drying stage ready for sale and sent to the laboratory at 4 °C. The technique used was the microbiological agar diffusion with the Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 strain as the sensitive strain and a commercial enrofloxacin 5 µg disc as a positive control. The plates were incubated at 37 °C for 24 hours and then the diameter of the zones of inhibition of bacterial growth was measured with the Kirby-Bauer ruler. Frequencies of bacterial growth inhibition halos of 28.54 + 4.37% (117/410) were obtained in kidney samples, 27.07 + 4.3% (111/410) in muscle, and 26.59 + 4.28% (109/410) in liver. The study shows a high frequency o...

El objetivo de la investigación fue determinar la resistencia antimicrobiana de aislados de Salmonella enterica de hisopados de cloaca de aves de pelea. Se evaluaron 135 muestras de aves de pelea provenientes de un galpón de crianza en el distrito de Carabayllo, Lima. Se identificaron tres aislados de Salmonella enterica representando el 2.2% (IC95%: 0-4.71%) del total de muestras. El enriquecimiento tardío en caldo Rappaport- Vassiliadis fue más eficiente en el aislamiento de la bacteria. Mediante la prueba de disco difusión con el método Kirby Bauer con 16 antibióticos se encontró que el 100% (3/3) de las aislados fueron resistentes a clindamicina, eritromicina, penicilina y estreptomicina, 66.7% (2/3) a oxitetracilina, ampicilina y doxiciclina. Esto representa una perspectiva preocupante, pues estos antibióticos son alternativas para la terapéutica contra este tipo de infecc...

The aim of the present study was to identify bacteria present in the uterine mucosa of alpaca before and after the copula. Samples of uterine mucosa were taken (177 before and 60 after copulation). For the collection of the sample, metallic speculum and protected swabs were used to avoid sample contamination. The samples were conserved and transported to the laboratory in tubes with Stuart transport medium at 4 °C. Samples were cultured on blood agar and MacConkey agar at 37 °C for 24 h and bacterial identification was performed through biochemical tests. A total of 165 bacterial isolates and 29 yeasts in the pre-copula group and 64 bacterial isolates and 6 yeasts in the post-copula group were found. The bacteria most frequently isolated were E. coli (24.9%), Providencia stuartii (16.5%), Shigella sp (16.5%), Hafnia alvei (5.9%), Serratia rubidae (5.9%) and yeasts (14.8%).

The objective of the present study was to determine the presence of Salmonella spp in wild birds that live in the surroundings of a well-managed guinea pig farm. Free-living wild birds were captured (n=185) and eight species were identified: Passer domesticus (63.8%), Volatinia jacarina (16.8%), Troglodytes aedon (2.2%), Pyrocephalus rubinus (1.1%), Molothrus bonariensis (0.5%), Crotophaga sulcirostris (1.1%), Columbina cruziana (12.9%) and Forpus coelestis (1.6%). Samples were taken through cloacal swab. Salmonella spp was isolated in 4.32% (8/185) of the wild birds, but only in Passer domesticus, Volatinia jacarina and Forpus coelestis. Likewise, two enrichment methods were used, obtaining 2.2% (4/185) of samples positive for Salmonella spp with standard enrichment and 3.8% (7/185) with delayed enrichment.

The aim of this study was to determine the presence of tetracycline residues in pork in two herds of Lima during 2018. In total, 25 g of meat from the necks of 402 slaughtered pigs were processed. The samples were obtained in the cooling stage and evaluated using the microbiological diffusion technique, confronting the samples against the Bacillus subtilis strain ATCC 6633. Subsequently, the presence of tetracycline was confirmed by the ELISA MaxSignal Tetracycline Test Kit. None of the samples were positive to the microbiological diffusion test. However, 7.32% (6/82) were positive at a tetracycline concentration between 1587 and 5811 ppb. None of the positive samples exceeded the limits allowed in the country.

The present study aimed to determine the presence of sulfomide residues that exceed the maximum residue limits in guinea pig carcasses in sale in the Mantaro Valley, Junín, Peru, in 2020. In total, liver, muscle and kidney samples were evaluated from 433 guinea pig carcasses. The detection of antibiotic residues was carried out by the agar diffusion technique, resulting 62.6 ± 4.5% (271/433) posive samples in kidney, 59.4 ± 4.6% (257/433) in liver and 31.4 ± 4.3% (136/433) in muscle. Moreover, 82 positive samples with the highest inhibition halos were taken for analysis using a commercial ELISA kit specific for sulfonamides (MaxSignal® Sulfonamide ELISATest Kit), obtaining 4.9 ± 4.6% (4/82) of samples with concentrations greater than 100 µg/kg. The results showed the presence of sulfonamide residues in concentrations that exceed the maximum limits of residues allowed in guinea pig...

The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of antibodies against infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (IBR) in the districts of Coracora, Chumpi and Pullo of the province of Parinacochas, Ayacucho, during 2018. In total, 460 blood samples were obtained from bovines, male and female, older than 4 months raised under an extensive rearing system. The samples were analyzed with a commercial indirect ELISA kit. The results showed that 59.56 + 4.45% (282/460) of the samples presented antibodies against the IBR virus; and Pullo being the district with the highest seroprevalence (71.58 + 4.09%). Likewise, the zootechnical category and the breed showed a significant statistical association (p<0.05) against the IBR virus.

The study aimed to determine the frequency and antibiotic resistance of Salmonella enterica isolated from biologically appropriate raw food (BARF) for dogs in Lima, Peru. In total, 124 samples belonging to 13 brands and batches of BARF-type food available in the local market were collected. The samples were transported in a cooler at 4 °C and kept frozen -18 °C until processing. Bacterial isolation and identification were carried out through biochemical tests, to finally determine antimicrobial resistance against 16 antibiotics. The frequency of S. enterica was 55.6 + 8.7% (69/124), with a statistical association (p<0.05) between the presence of Salmonella and the BARF-type food brand. No significant association (p>0.05) was found between the type of meat in the food and the diagnosis of S. enterica. The results showed 81.5% of S. enterica strains were resistant, 11.6% showed int...

The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of Campylobacter spp in biologically appropriate raw food (BARF) for dogs that are marketed in Lima, Peru. One hundred random samples of BARF food were collected from 10 commercial brands. Samples were collected from different batches. The horizontal method for the detection and enumeration of Campylobacter spp (ISO 10272-1:2017) was performed. Bolton Broth was used as enrichment medium and a CCDA selective medium, followed by a second Karmali selective medium for Campylobacter. Suspicious colonies were reseeded on Blood Agar. Campylobacter spp strains were isolated in 5 + 4.2% (5/100) of the samples.