The aim of this study was to identify and serotype isolate strains from vendors’ hands, chopping boards and vending tables of 50 chicken meat stalls in a market in San Juan de Miraflores district, Lima, Peru. The sampling was carried out with sterile swabs on the indicated surfaces. The Stuard medium was used to transport the samples to the laboratory. The enrichment was carried out in trypticase soy broth and the isolation was developed on McConkey agar. Positive lactose colonies compatible with E. coli were identified by standard biochemical tests. Serotyping was performed using the method described by Kauffman to detect somatic (O) and flagellar (H) antigens with specific SERUNAM antisera. Results showed that 42% (63/150) of the samples were identified as E. coli, and 58 viable strains were serotyped, belonging to 40 serotypes, where O6H10 was the most frequent (10.3%, 6/58).  

The aim of this study was to identify and serotype isolate strains from vendors’ hands, chopping boards and vending tables of 50 chicken meat stalls in a market in San Juan de Miraflores district, Lima, Peru. The sampling was carried out with sterile swabs on the indicated surfaces. The Stuard medium was used to transport the samples to the laboratory. The enrichment was carried out in trypticase soy broth and the isolation was developed on McConkey agar. Positive lactose colonies compatible with E. coli were identified by standard biochemical tests. Serotyping was performed using the method described by Kauffman to detect somatic (O) and flagellar (H) antigens with specific SERUNAM antisera. Results showed that 42% (63/150) of the samples were identified as E. coli, and 58 viable strains were serotyped, belonging to 40 serotypes, where O6H10 was the most frequent (10.3%, 6/58).  

El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo identificar terneros con infección congénita con el virus de la diarrea viral bovina (VDVB), en dos establos lecheros de crianza intensiva ubicados en las irrigaciones de Santa Rita de Siguas (Establo A) y Vitor (Establo B) de la cuenca lechera de Arequipa mediante la detección del VDVB en la sangre de los terneros a través de la prueba de ELISA de captura de antígeno. Con esta finalidad se obtuvieron muestras de sangre con anticoagulante de terneros de los establos A (n = 36) y B (n = 95) poco después de nacer y antes que tomen el calostro. El 0.76% (1/131) con IC mínimo 0.24 y máximo 3.5% de los terneros muestreados resulto ser un ternero con infección congénita o persistentemente infectado (PI) con el VDVB. El ternero PI fue detectado en el establo A indicando que la prevalencia de animales PI en este establo fue de 2.78% (1/36). De los...

Determina los patógenos bacterianos y parasitarios más frecuentes en cuyes de crianza familiar - comercial en tres distritos de la Provincia de Bolognesi, Departamento de Ancash. El estudio se realiza en todas las granjas de cuyes de crianza familiar - comercial de dichos distritos. Muestras de animales con signos compatibles a los agentes en evaluación, son recolectadas en el periodo del estudio. Además, se colectaron muestras de heces de camas de una población representativa. Los factores de riesgo evaluados son: tipo de crianza (productor capacitado y No capacitado), sexo (macho, hembra), raza (mejorado y criollo), grupo etareo (recría y reproductores), y localidad de origen (Aquia, Pacarenca y PamPam). Necropsia y obtención de muestras bacteriológicas, se realiza en 51 animales que muestran signos compatibles con las enfermedades en estudio, la toma de muestras de los órgano...

The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of Campylobacter spp in biologically appropriate raw food (BARF) for dogs that are marketed in Lima, Peru. One hundred random samples of BARF food were collected from 10 commercial brands. Samples were collected from different batches. The horizontal method for the detection and enumeration of Campylobacter spp (ISO 10272-1:2017) was performed. Bolton Broth was used as enrichment medium and a CCDA selective medium, followed by a second Karmali selective medium for Campylobacter. Suspicious colonies were reseeded on Blood Agar. Campylobacter spp strains were isolated in 5 + 4.2% (5/100) of the samples.

El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar la actividad antimicótica in vitro del aceite de romero (Rosmarinus Officinalis) sobre Microsporum canis. Se aisló una cepa de M. canis a partir de muestras clínicas. El aceite de romero se obtuvo por el método de arrastre a vapor con una concentración del 100% de pureza. Mediante el método de difusión en pocillo se enfrentó la cepa de M. canis a ocho concentraciones del aceite de romero (250, 500, 1000, 2000, 5000, 10 000, 50 000 y 100 000 ppm). Los resultados indicaron una adecuada sensibilidad de M. canis a partir de la concentración de 50 000 ppm.

The aim of the present study was to identify bacteria present in the uterine mucosa of alpaca before and after the copula. Samples of uterine mucosa were taken (177 before and 60 after copulation). For the collection of the sample, metallic speculum and protected swabs were used to avoid sample contamination. The samples were conserved and transported to the laboratory in tubes with Stuart transport medium at 4 °C. Samples were cultured on blood agar and MacConkey agar at 37 °C for 24 h and bacterial identification was performed through biochemical tests. A total of 165 bacterial isolates and 29 yeasts in the pre-copula group and 64 bacterial isolates and 6 yeasts in the post-copula group were found. The bacteria most frequently isolated were E. coli (24.9%), Providencia stuartii (16.5%), Shigella sp (16.5%), Hafnia alvei (5.9%), Serratia rubidae (5.9%) and yeasts (14.8%).

The objective of the present study was to determine the presence of Salmonella spp in wild birds that live in the surroundings of a well-managed guinea pig farm. Free-living wild birds were captured (n=185) and eight species were identified: Passer domesticus (63.8%), Volatinia jacarina (16.8%), Troglodytes aedon (2.2%), Pyrocephalus rubinus (1.1%), Molothrus bonariensis (0.5%), Crotophaga sulcirostris (1.1%), Columbina cruziana (12.9%) and Forpus coelestis (1.6%). Samples were taken through cloacal swab. Salmonella spp was isolated in 4.32% (8/185) of the wild birds, but only in Passer domesticus, Volatinia jacarina and Forpus coelestis. Likewise, two enrichment methods were used, obtaining 2.2% (4/185) of samples positive for Salmonella spp with standard enrichment and 3.8% (7/185) with delayed enrichment.

The aim of this study was to identify, serotype and determine the sensitivity profile of Salmonella enterica strains isolated from red-eared slider turtles (Trachemys sp) from two breeding centres in Lima, Peru, through cloacal swabs. The samples were isolated using tetrathionate enrichment broth, specific media such as Salmonella-Shigella agar and xylose lysine deoxycholate agar. The identification was made through biochemical tests. Serotyping through the recognition of somatic (O) and flagellar (H) antigens of the Kauffmann-White system, and the determination of sensitivity using the Kirby Bauer diffusion disk test. The results showed that 6.1% (4/66) of Salmonella enterica isolates were obtained, identifying the serotypes Salmonella Saintpaul and Salmonella Infantis. Antibacterial sensitivity tests indicated differences between strains, showing 100% sensitivity against nalidixic acid...

The aim of this study was to determine antibodies against five serovars of Leptospira spp in guinea pigs of family-commercial breeding in Cajamarca, Peru. Blood samples were collected from 242 apparently healthy guinea pigs destined for consumption on five farms. The sera were processed using the microagglutination test (MAT), considering titers >1/100 as seropositive. Reference strains from the serovars Bratislava, Canicola, Hardjo, Icterohaemorrhagiae and Pomona were used. Seroprevalences of 40.50% (98/242) (95% CI: 34.3-46.7%) were found to antibodies against Leptospira spp. The reactive serovars were Icterohaemorrhagiae (19.01%, 46/242), Canicola (16.53%, 40/242) and Pomona (8.68%, 21/144). There was no seroreactivity to Bratislava and Hardjo serovars. There was no statistical association with sex or farm. Seropositivity indicates exposure and circulation of Leptospira spp, which ...

The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of antibodies against smooth strains of Brucella (B. abortus, B. mellitensis and B. suis) in Junín breed sheep of SAIS Tupac Amaru, Peru. Serum samples (n=926) were analysed with a commercial indirect ELISA kit (IDEXX Brucellosis Serum). Only one sample was positive. The beta-pert stochastic simulation program (@Risk) determined a minimum prevalence of 0.10037% and a maximum of 0.11563%.

The aim of this study was to determine the presence of antibiotics in the liver, kidney and muscle of guinea pigs of intensive breeding in four cities of Peru. For this, 410 carcass samples (liver, kidney and muscle) were evaluated. The samples were taken during the air-drying stage ready for sale and sent to the laboratory at 4 °C. The technique used was the microbiological agar diffusion with the Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 strain as the sensitive strain and a commercial enrofloxacin 5 µg disc as a positive control. The plates were incubated at 37 °C for 24 hours and then the diameter of the zones of inhibition of bacterial growth was measured with the Kirby-Bauer ruler. Frequencies of bacterial growth inhibition halos of 28.54 + 4.37% (117/410) were obtained in kidney samples, 27.07 + 4.3% (111/410) in muscle, and 26.59 + 4.28% (109/410) in liver. The study shows a high frequency o...

The axolotl is a caudate amphibian used in numerous biomedical studies for its regenerative capacity. It is currently in the category of critical danger of extinction because of aquatic pollution, indiscriminate hunting and introduction of invasive species into its environment. The objective of the present study was to determine the ranges of haematological and biochemical parameters of captive axolotls in Lima, Perú, so that they can be used as reference values during the clinical evaluation in biomedical laboratories and veterinary clinics of unconventional species. The study was carried out in a private collection of axolotls in the district of San Juan de Miraflores, Lima. In total, 27 axolotls were used, which were chemically restricted to perform the blood collection, establishing reference ranges for 13 haematological and 10 biochemical parameters.

The present study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of antibodies against bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) in the districts of Chumpi, Coracora and Pullo, Ayacucho region, in March 2018. In total, 460 blood samples were collected from cattle from both sexes and older than four months of age, from rural communities under extensive breeding system. The serum samples were analysed using a commercial indirect ELISA kit. The results showed that 82.56 ± 3.44% (367/460) of the animals presented antibodies against BVDV, with the greatest corrected prevalence in Pullo (89.74 ± 2.75%; 83/96). The high corrected prevalence reported shows a wide distribution of the disease.

The aim of this study was to determine the presence of strains of Escherichia coli (E. coli) and antimicrobial resistance in BARF-type foods (Biologically Appropriate Raw Foods) for dogs, marketed in districts of Lima, Peru. In total, 124 samples of frozen raw diets belonging to 15 commercial brands were analysed, each sample from a different batch. The standard microbiological isolation was carried out using MacConkey and EMB culture media, and their identification through biochemical tests. For the serotyping of E. coli O157, a Latex test (Oxoid TSMX4147C) was used with latex particles sensitized with antibodies reactive to the somatic antigen O157, and for the identification of the H7 antigen, a similar specific Latex test (RIM E. coli O157: H7 Latex Test - Oxoid TSMX9410).The 65.3% (81/124; 95% CI: 56.9-73.7%) of the samples were positive for E. coli. Of the total colonies positive f...

A case of severe ulcerative pododermatitis infected with Staphylococcus aureus and Proteus spp in a guinea pig raised in a metal cage is described. A 9-month-old female guinea pig weighing 850 g is taken to consultation for presenting discomfort when walking. Severe ulcerative pododermatitis (grade IV or V) in the hind limbs was diagnosed based on clinical signs, cytology, and radiographs. The animal was removed from the cage and placed on a flat surface. She was treated with a preparation based on 4 g of sugar and 0.5 ml of “dragon’s blood” (Croton lechleri), applying it to the lesion once a day and subsequently bandaging the affected area; in addition, oral prednisolone was used at a dose of 0.8 mg/kg every 24 hours in syrup for 14 days, and subcutaneous gentamicin at a dose of 6 mg/kg every 24 hours for a minimum of 21 days. Weekly clinical and cytology evaluations were made. Th...

The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of antibodies against Neospora caninum in cattle under an extensive production system in the districts of Chumpi, Coracora and Pullo of the province of Parinacochas, Ayacucho. In total, 209 blood serum samples from bovines older than four months of age were collected. The samples were analyzed using the indirect ELISA technique with the IDEXX Neospora 2X Ab kit to detect antibodies against N. caninum. A corrected seroprevalence of 12.2 ± 4.4% was found with a significant association (p<0.05) for the origin variable. The district of Coracora presented the highest prevalence with 19.7 ± 7.5%.

The aim of this study was to determine the presence of tetracycline residues in pork in two herds of Lima during 2018. In total, 25 g of meat from the necks of 402 slaughtered pigs were processed. The samples were obtained in the cooling stage and evaluated using the microbiological diffusion technique, confronting the samples against the Bacillus subtilis strain ATCC 6633. Subsequently, the presence of tetracycline was confirmed by the ELISA MaxSignal Tetracycline Test Kit. None of the samples were positive to the microbiological diffusion test. However, 7.32% (6/82) were positive at a tetracycline concentration between 1587 and 5811 ppb. None of the positive samples exceeded the limits allowed in the country.

The present study aimed to determine the presence of sulfomide residues that exceed the maximum residue limits in guinea pig carcasses in sale in the Mantaro Valley, Junín, Peru, in 2020. In total, liver, muscle and kidney samples were evaluated from 433 guinea pig carcasses. The detection of antibiotic residues was carried out by the agar diffusion technique, resulting 62.6 ± 4.5% (271/433) posive samples in kidney, 59.4 ± 4.6% (257/433) in liver and 31.4 ± 4.3% (136/433) in muscle. Moreover, 82 positive samples with the highest inhibition halos were taken for analysis using a commercial ELISA kit specific for sulfonamides (MaxSignal® Sulfonamide ELISATest Kit), obtaining 4.9 ± 4.6% (4/82) of samples with concentrations greater than 100 µg/kg. The results showed the presence of sulfonamide residues in concentrations that exceed the maximum limits of residues allowed in guinea pig...

The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of antibodies against infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (IBR) in the districts of Coracora, Chumpi and Pullo of the province of Parinacochas, Ayacucho, during 2018. In total, 460 blood samples were obtained from bovines, male and female, older than 4 months raised under an extensive rearing system. The samples were analyzed with a commercial indirect ELISA kit. The results showed that 59.56 + 4.45% (282/460) of the samples presented antibodies against the IBR virus; and Pullo being the district with the highest seroprevalence (71.58 + 4.09%). Likewise, the zootechnical category and the breed showed a significant statistical association (p<0.05) against the IBR virus.