The origin of the ECT dates to the end of the Cold War, where the historical context provided an opportunity for cooperation in the energy sector between Eastern and Western European countries. However, in recent years, the Member States of the European Union have expressed strong criticisms of the ECT, finding it incompatible with the obligations assumed by the European Union in environmental treaties. This articleseeks to analyze the current landscape of ECT disputes, the criticisms that led to a process of modernizing the original ECT text, and the probable outcomes of this modernization process considering the European Union's critical stance regarding the investor-state dispute resolution system. We cannot help but wonder: are we witnessing the chronicle of a withdrawal announced by the European Union Member States?

The origin of the ECT dates to the end of the Cold War, where the historical context provided an opportunity for cooperation in the energy sector between Eastern and Western European countries. However, in recent years, the Member States of the European Union have expressed strong criticisms of the ECT, finding it incompatible with the obligations assumed by the European Union in environmental treaties. This articleseeks to analyze the current landscape of ECT disputes, the criticisms that led to a process of modernizing the original ECT text, and the probable outcomes of this modernization process considering the European Union's critical stance regarding the investor-state dispute resolution system. We cannot help but wonder: are we witnessing the chronicle of a withdrawal announced by the European Union Member States?

Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) nanofibers reinforced with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were fabricated by electrospinning. MWCNTs were introduced into the PVA matrix through the application of an electric field. The morphology of the composite MWCNTs/PVA fibers was characterized by scanning electron microscopy. Results show that the nanofibers had a diameter between 48 and 103 nm and contained a variable amount of MWCNTs. The electrical properties of MWCNTs/PVA nanofibers were investigated by fabricating impedance-type sensors. The impedance and electrical conductivity of the samples were evaluated in the range 46% and 89% relative humidity.

140-FINCYT-IB-2013/Concytec-403-2012/2011-02-CONCYTEC

ZnO nanorods (ZnO NRs) were grown on ZnO seeded polyethylene tert-phtalate(PET) substrates obtained from recycled soda bottles at low temperatures (90°C) from Zn2+precursors in alkaline aqueous solution. The ZnO seeds were deposited on the PET substrates by spray gel (SG) or dip coating (DC) from a ZnO methanol sol. In the case of SG, the PET substrate was heated at 90 °Cduring the spray process. By the other hand the ZnO seed layers obtained by dip coating were heated at 90°C or 130°C for 10 minutes among coatings. Before seeding two procedures were made on PET surface forimproving seed adhesion: 1) PET surface was mechanically roughened with sand paper 1200. 2) PET surface was chemically treated with a solution of NaOH in ethanol. The relationship between the microstructure of the ZnO NRs films as function of the PET surface treatment and the photocatalytic antibacterial activity f...

ZnO nanorods (ZnO NRs) were grown on ZnO seeded polyethylene tert-phtalate (PET) substrates obtained from recycled soda bottles at low temperatures (90 °C) from Zn2+ precursors in alkaline aqueous solution. The ZnO seeds were deposited on the PET substrates by spray gel (SG) or dip coating (DC) from a ZnO methanol sol. In the case of SG, the PET substrate was heated at 90 °C during the spray process. By the other hand the ZnO seed layers obtained by dip coating were heated at 90 °C or 130 °C for 10 minutes among coatings. Before seeding two procedures were made on PET surface for improving seed adhesion: 1) PET surface was mechanically roughened with sand paper 1200. 2) PET surface was chemically treated with a solution of NaOH in ethanol. The relationship between the microstructure of the ZnO NRs films as function of the PET surface treatment and the photocatalytic antibacterial act...