This work was supported by the Fincyt Project N°140-FINCYT-IB-2013, the Peruvian-Argentinian 321-2009-CONCYTEC OAJ Project and MINCYT-CONCYTEC PE/09/01, UBACyT 20020100100636; CONICET GI-PIP 11220110101020; PICT-2012-1167. MCM, RJC and SAB are members of CONICET. Dimitry Aldakov is gratefully acknowledged for careful reading of the manuscript.

This work has been financially supported by the International Program for Physical Science of Uppsala University (IPPS), the Instituto de Investigacion of Universidad Nacional de Ingenieria, and CONCYTEC (Peruvian Research Council).

RESUMEN El presente documento propone políticas de educación básica para el periodo 2006-2011 en cuatro áreas clave: 1) equidad e igualdad de oportunidades; 2) capacitación, remuneraciones e incentivos al rendimiento docente; 3) procesos pedagógicos y metas de aprendizaje; y 4) infraestructura y servicios básicos. En materia de equidad, los autores plantean universalizar la cobertura de la educación inicial en las zonas más pobres, mejorar las escuelas multigrado, ejecutar un programa de secundaria rural y promover el involucramiento educativo de las familias rurales. Con respecto a los recursos humanos, el texto subraya la necesidad de un nuevo sistema de remuneraciones basado en el esfuerzo y la productividad, así como mecanismos de capacitación de los maestros. En términos pedagógicos, el trabajo propone la definición de metas claras de aprendizaje, con procesos de rendi...

The construction of coastal ports requires the use of materials that meet the demands of the marine environment, to prevent underwater concrete structures from cracking and spalling easily; basalt fiber is used to delay the expansion of concrete and prevent the formation of cracks. This research studies the behavior of concrete for prefabricated piles with Portland Cement Type I and basalt fibers added in 0.1%, 0.3% and 0.6%; the results indicate that the fiber is suitable for concrete, the slump decreases, the compressive strength increases for specimens cured in tap water and sea water, the relationship between resistances does not vary, and the depth of carbonation decreases.

The El Niño phenomenon is caused by the change in atmospheric pressures, which produce the accumulation of hot surface waters on the eastern flank of the Pacific Ocean; causing intense rainfall that runs over the surface affecting the urban drainage of the city due to the lack of a permeable pavement; porous concrete allows infiltration of surface water runoff through its pores. The present investigation evaluates porous concrete in the range of w/c relationships of 0.30 and 0.32; the results indicate that the compressive strength, flexural strength and permeability coefficient increase; and that the surface runoff, cost, water footprint and carbon footprint are lower than conventional concrete.

The textile industry has grown significantly in recent years, reaching a global fiber production of 53 million tons which 12 % are recycled; Construction sector has been using more and more recycled materials from different industrial sources, to apply them in their constructions and to reduce CO2 emissions and final energy consumption. The present study aims to study the behavior of concrete blocks of fć= 210 kg/cm2 adding polyester textile waste with 3 %, 6 %, 9 %, 12 % and 15 %; void content, compressive strength and thermal conductivity decrease, and water absorption, acoustic insulation and unit price increase by 3 %, 34 % and 16 % compared to conventional concrete block.

In the construction of buildings and infrastructures, high resistance materials are used due to current design requirements, concrete being one of the main materials used in the execution of these projects whose cement content is limited to obtaining an economic concrete and of minimum retraction. This limitation requires the use of new additions such as Nano Silica (NS), which due to its nanometric structure is used as a partial replacement for cement, producing an increase in strength in concrete. The present investigation studies the partial replacement of the NS in the cement to determine its behavior in compressive strength, diametric compressive strength, water permeability coefficient. The results indicate that with an addition of 0.225% of NS the compressive strength and splitting tensile strength are increased and the water permeability coefficient decreases, all of them compare...

The concrete is not one hundred percent impermeable since the water that remains inside it causes its corrosion, in the case of reinforced concrete, exposed in an area of marine atmosphere, the sea salt mostly present in large particles of the marine spray, produce the reduction of the alkalinity of the concrete causing a rapid corrosion of the steel. There are buildings built in this marine area that have been designed without durability criteria, in which the use of pozzolanic materials is considered, for example, to fill the pores of the cement matrix and thus guarantee its impermeability. In the present study, the effect of clay brick powder (PLA) as a replacement for cement in concrete manufacturing is addressed, evaluating different characteristics of its components. The results indicate that pozzolanic activity and compressive strength increase, slump, voids content and the coeffi...

The bricks are one of the primary materials required for construction of homes that no used completely when executes all the walls due, the excess purchase, the cutting to be settle, the breaking for their transfer and its fixed dimensions; this situation requires monitoring on work site the order, cleanliness and accidents. A common practice is these bricks and/or waste are included in the clearing construction before being deposited or eliminated in dumps or sanitary landfills, with their early clogging and shortening them to ther design lifespan. An important alternative to reduce this waste, is to recycle them and reuse them as a concrete component material, due to their high absorption percentage that allows them to keep the water inside of them and then use it in the cement hydration process as internal curing of the concrete. In the present investigation, the effect of crushed cla...

Concrete plants consume 10 billion tons of natural aggregates annually from quarries and gravel plants for produce concrete, this demand requires exploiting natural resources from mountains and rivers producing an ecological imbalance. One solution is to use Palm Oil Clinker (POC), which is eliminated in large quantities in the dumps and rivers without taking advantage of its puzolanic, binding and resistance properties as an aggregate in the concrete; another alternative is to apply rubber from abandoned and discarded tires as waste in landfills or burned, without taking advantage of its performance of improvement in concrete, increasing its resistance to impact and fatigue. Unable to find joint POC and rubber information, this research studies its influence replacing 2.5% rubber (grained and crushed) with 10%, 12.5% and 15% POC in the fine aggregate on traditional concrete; results ind...

The continuous population increase in recent years requires a greater number of households to be built quickly, with good materials and produced under quality standards that guarantee their manufacturing process. The prefabricated concrete, produced and supplied by concrete plants, is poured into the different structural elements, the mezzanine slabs being the most careful surfaces in the appearance of fissures; because being horizontal and having larger dimensions, the dimensional changes in the concrete appear more frequently due to the rapid loss of water from the surface of the concrete before setting; which generates superior stresses to the resistant capacity of the concrete at early ages, which affect the durability and reduce the resistance of the structures, causing greater economic expenses in maintenance and repairs. In the present investigation, 5%, 10% and 15% of rice husk a...

321-2009-Concytec-OAJ

Water contaminated in plastic bottles was radiated with solar light. lt has analyzed the probable number by unit of volume of Fecal and Total Coliforms. The obtained results show that with a solar irradiation of average 700 W/m2 the disinfection is obtained in few hours.

Water contaminated in plastic bottles was radiated with solar light. lt has analyzed the probable number by unit of volume of Fecal and Total Coliforms. The obtained results show that with a solar irradiation of average 700 W/m2 the disinfection is obtained in few hours.

This work was supported by the Projects Nº 133-FINCYT-IB-2015 and Nº 113-INNOVATE PERU-ISASS-2018, P. R. would like to thank the Peruvian Council for Science and Technology (CONCYTEC) for the Scholarship.

Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) nanofibers reinforced with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were fabricated by electrospinning. MWCNTs were introduced into the PVA matrix through the application of an electric field. The morphology of the composite MWCNTs/PVA fibers was characterized by scanning electron microscopy. Results show that the nanofibers had a diameter between 48 and 103 nm and contained a variable amount of MWCNTs. The electrical properties of MWCNTs/PVA nanofibers were investigated by fabricating impedance-type sensors. The impedance and electrical conductivity of the samples were evaluated in the range 46% and 89% relative humidity.

One-dimensional nanostructures have shown high photocatalytic efficiency due to their high surface area to volume ratio and charge transfer efficiency. In this work, we have studied the influence of zinc acetate content (zinc acetate to polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) mass ratio) on the photoelectrochemical performance of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanostructures. The nanostructures of ZnO were fabricated on fluorine-doped tin oxide glass substrate by electrospinning of aqueous solution containing different amounts of zinc acetate. The precursor nanofibers of zinc acetate/PVA were converted into polycrystalline ZnO nanostructures with hexagonal wurtzite crystal structure by calcination at 600°C for 3 h. It was found that by increasing the amount of zinc acetate, the diameter of the as-spun precursor fibers increased and their distribution became broader. The mean diameter of the ZnO nanoparticles forming...

In the last century, public policy around the globe was mainly focused on economic growth leaving out of this perspective, social concerns and the environment detriment that this merely economic approach was causing. It was until the last quarter of the 20th century that people started to be aware of the growing poverty and of the jeopardy of the planet as a result of human being activities. In consequence, the concept of sustainable development emerged in the United Nations as a call to all countries to integrate economic growth with social needs and environmental protection, in such a way that our activities as earth inhabitants stopped compromising the quality of life and needs satisfaction of future generations.More recently, in 2016, effective 17 sustainable development goals established within the United Nations came officially. The embracement of these goals implies the design and...

In this work, well-designed zinc oxide-reduced graphene oxide (ZnO-rGO) nanorods (NRs) were synthesized by a hydrothermal method using electrospun ZnO-rGO seed layers. The ZnO-rGO seed layers were fabricated on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) glass substrates through calcined of electrospun nanofibers at 400◦C in the air for 1 h. The nanofibers were prepared by electrospinning different spinning voltages and a spinning solution containing zinc acetate, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, and 0.2 wt% rGO. From a detailed characterization using various analytical techniques, for instance, X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy, photoluminescence (PL), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), the dependence of the structure, morphology, and optical properties of the ZnO-rGO NRs was demonstrated. The photocatalytic activities of ZnO-rGO nanorods...

Septal Neuroblastoma (SN 56) cells are hybrid cells made through cell fusions between quiescent medial septum neurons (cholinergic) and tumoral neuroblastoma cells. Cholinergic cells synthesize and release the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. Preliminary studies in our laboratory revealed that SN 56 neurons also express the vesicular glutamate transporter type 1 (VGluT1), a protein that is normally produced by glutamatergic neurons. This discovery prompted us to hypothesize that SN 56 neurons may also co-express a glutamatergic phenotype which is important because glutamatergic neurons have been associated to the pathogenesis of neurological disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease. To assess whether SN 56 neurons express in fact both phenotypes, we conducted experiments in differentiated and no differentiated SN 56 cell, to confirm the expression of glutamatergic phenotype, by qPCR, weste...