Propone un proceso innovador de uso del control estadístico de la calidad (CEC/CEP) en los EIA que permita mejorar la evaluación de los datos de monitoreo y ayudar a tomar medidas para reducir los efectos de la contaminación ambiental originada por la actividad minera. El método de investigación fue analítico, deductivo, e hipotético, con un tipo de investigación aplicada, un diseño experimental, nivel descriptivo–interpretativo y enfoque mixto (cuali–cuantitativo). La población objeto de estudio estuvo conformada por los proyectos mineros que han solicitado aprobación de sus EIA ante el MINEM durante el periodo 2015 a 2019, mientras que la muestra estuvo constituida por los EIA que fueron aprobados por el MINEM durante el mismo periodo. Se utilizó la técnica de la observación y revisión documental de trabajos previos para la recolección de la información. Los result...

A technological table of a steel gathers various technological data as well as a series of diagrams that allow the manufacturer and the user to obtain the desirable properties in order to guarantee the commissioning of said steel. Therefore, the technological table is a complement to the classification table that classifies steels according to their chemical composition and the Standard that indicates the minimum characteristics that must be obtained with a previously established treatment. The determination of the different data that make up this table is simple and is within the reach of any laboratory or a small metallurgical industry. It should be remembered that technological data are usually indicative, given the different behavior of different castings of the same type of steel and the normal limitations of the test methods, only a statistical study will be able to reflect the rea...

The research is done to materials that have already failed the corrosion that comes from leading domestic drinking water installations. In this first part of a zinc alloy, Zamak is studied, used as a stopper in a galvanized "T". The material has worked as a sacrificial anode to protect the steel for 4 years. Exfoliating how corrosion occurs in the material.

A technological table of a steel gathers various technological data as well as a series of diagrams that allow the manufacturer and the user to obtain the desirable properties in order to guarantee the commissioning of said steel. Therefore, the technological table is a complement to the classification table that classifies steels according to their chemical composition and the Standard that indicates the minimum characteristics that must be obtained with a previously established treatment. The determination of the different data that make up this table is simple and is within the reach of any laboratory or a small metallurgical industry. It should be remembered that technological data are usually indicative, given the different behavior of different castings of the same type of steel and the normal limitations of the test methods, only a statistical study will be able to reflect the rea...

La investigación es realizada a materiales que han fallado y a la corrosión que proviene de las instalaciones domésticas que conducen agua potable. En esta primera parte se estudia una aleación de zinc, Zamak, usada como tapón en una "T" galvanizada. El material ha trabajado como ánodo de sacrificio protegiendo al acero durante 4 años. La forma de corrosión exfoliante se presenta en el material.

The present investigation has determined the average measure of grain size, including a Jeffries planimetric procedure in materials such as SAE 1010 carbon steel, and AISI 316 stainless steel. Likewise, the digital camera incorporated into the metallographic microscope, has enabled the application of image analysis for the study of the microstructure of materials.

The current study has determined that the materials from brass to bismuth, 1.11%, 1.46% and 2.48% respectively, have the following characteristics: the brass to bismuth material drawing, uniform round bar of 19 mm which microstructure is formed by α + β, shows inclusions of bismuth in the grain limits and in the same grain. The grain deformation is smaller on the surface, and it becomes bigger as it reaches the center. The mechanical properties of the 19 mm drawing material, I and II are bigger than the established by the ASTM B 16/B 16M, being the HRB hardness higher than the established by the norm. Also the material is wrought to obtain pieces for gas valves. The machinability index of the brass’s drawing materials that contains bismuth between 1.0 and 2.5% should be in a range from 85 and 90

The research project: Martensitic precipitation in AISI 304 stainless steel-corrosion cracking has determined that the material tested under different compressive loads, the austenite phase producing deformed martensite phase, which is magnetic. The accelerated corrosion test deformed martensite material having a solution of magnesium chloride in boiling 42% produces a type of corrosion transgranular.

The Project of Investigation called: Evaluation of the magnetic phase in Stainless steel AISI 304, worked in cold and its recovery by Heat Treatment has determined that the material of testing submitted to loads by compression is magnetized, which increasing its hardness and transforming partially the austenitic structure in martensitic. The material of transformed structure was submitted to heat treatment to 700 oC and 800 oC respectively which origins the recovery of the structure.

The Project of Investigation called: Evaluation of the magnetic phase in Stainless steel AISI 304, worked in cold and its recovery by Heat Treatment has determined that the material of testing submitted to loads by compression is magnetized, which increasing its hardness and transforming partially the austenitic structure in martensitic. The material of transformed structure was submitted to heat treatment to 700 oC and 800 oC respectively which origins the recovery of the structure.

The current study has determined that the materials from brass to bismuth, 1.11%, 1.46% and 2.48% respectively, have the following characteristics: the brass to bismuth material drawing, uniform round bar of 19 mm which microstructure is formed by α + β, shows inclusions of bismuth in the grain limits and in the same grain. The grain deformation is smaller on the surface, and it becomes bigger as it reaches the center. The mechanical properties of the 19 mm drawing material, I and II are bigger than the established by the ASTM B 16/B 16M, being the HRB hardness higher than the established by the norm. Also the material is wrought to obtain pieces for gas valves. The machinability index of the brass’s drawing materials that contains bismuth between 1.0 and 2.5% should be in a range from 85 and 90

The research project: Martensitic precipitation in AISI 304 stainless steel-corrosion cracking has determined that the material tested under different compressive loads, the austenite phase producing deformed martensite phase, which is magnetic. The accelerated corrosion test deformed martensite material having a solution of magnesium chloride in boiling 42% produces a type of corrosion transgranular.

The present investigation has determined the average measure of grain size, including a Jeffries planimetric procedure in materials such as SAE 1010 carbon steel, and AISI 316 stainless steel. Likewise, the digital camera incorporated into the metallographic microscope, has enabled the application of image analysis for the study of the microstructure of materials.

The influence of the moisture and sodium bentonite in the qualite moulding was tested; however one of the mixes was much better, which is the following: Sodium bentonite 7%, Water 4%, Silica sand 87%, ( AFS grain fineness 52). The physical properties of the molding sand was:permeability 235, green compresion, lb/in2 13,1. Cast nickel aluminium bronce Cu3 was tested: Tensile strength, kg/mm2 88,13, Yield strength, kg/mm2 28,3, Elongation in 2 inch, % 10, Metallography: etchant, amonium persulfate. Showing light a phase, eutectoide a + g2 and k phase.

The influence of the moisture and sodium bentonite in the qualite moulding was tested; however one of the mixes was much better, which is the following: Sodium bentonite 7%, Water 4%, Silica sand 87%, ( AFS grain fineness 52). The physical properties of the molding sand was:permeability 235, green compresion, lb/in2 13,1. Cast nickel aluminium bronce Cu3 was tested: Tensile strength, kg/mm2 88,13, Yield strength, kg/mm2 28,3, Elongation in 2 inch, % 10, Metallography: etchant, amonium persulfate. Showing light a phase, eutectoide a + g2 and k phase.

The present research work influences micro-alloys in the bronze alloy, studies the classification bronze Cu1, Cu2, Cu3 and Cu4, defines the structures to the molten state of the materials used in the manufacture of propellers for use in the naval industry . Chemical compositions, metallographic structures, limitations of chemical elements in mechanical properties, as well as limitations of chemical elements in welding processes are defined. The alloy tested, a bronze cast aluminum corresponds to the classification of the complex polyphasic aluminum subgroup 3 or Cu3 classification, NiAl bronze, has an average tensile strength of 64.86 kg / mm2, and an elongation in two inches of 24, 5, the metallographic structure phases are observed: a, a + g2 and k. The corrosion test with the Potentiostat PS4 equipment indicates a corrosion density of 0.38 mA / cm2, the activity in synthetic seawater ...

El presente trabajo de investigación influencia de los microaleantes en la aleación de los bronces, estudia los bronces de clasificación Cu1, Cu2, Cu3 y Cu4, define las estructuras al estado fundido de los materiales empleados en la fabricación de hélices de uso en la industria naval. Se define las composiciones químicas, las estructuras metalográficas, limitaciones de los elementos químicos en las propiedades mecánicas, así como las limitaciones de los elementos químicos en los procesos de soldadura. La aleación ensayada un bronce aluminio fundido corresponde a la clasificación de los cupro aluminio polifásico complejo subgrupo 3 o clasificación Cu3, NiAl bronce, presenta una resistencia a la tracción promedia de 64,86 kg/mm2, y un alargamiento en dos pulgadas de 24,5, la estructura metalográfica se observan fases: a, a+g2 y k. El ensayo de corrosión con el equipo Pote...

The Bismuth Brass Material which microstructure is formed by α and β crystals presents Bismuth inclusions in the grain boun- daries and in the grain. The Bismuth-Selenium Brass Material which microstructure is formed by α and β crystals presents Bismuth inclusions in the grain boundaries and in the grain; Selenium is presented in the grain boundaries. The mechanical properties are the following: Mean Properties I II Tensile Strength, Mpa 385 387 Yield Strength, Mpa 180 175 Elongation % 38,8 40,5 Hardness, BHN 110 112 The speed of electrochemistry corrosion in mpy, according to Tafel is the following: Material I Tap Water: mpy = 0.998 NaCl Solution at 3.56% mpy = 1.065 Material II Tap Water: mpy = 0.970 NaCl solution at 3.56%: mpy = 1.105

The Bismuth Brass Material which microstructure is formed by α and β crystals presents Bismuth inclusions in the grain boun- daries and in the grain. The Bismuth-Selenium Brass Material which microstructure is formed by α and β crystals presents Bismuth inclusions in the grain boundaries and in the grain; Selenium is presented in the grain boundaries. The mechanical properties are the following: Mean Properties I II Tensile Strength, Mpa 385 387 Yield Strength, Mpa 180 175 Elongation % 38,8 40,5 Hardness, BHN 110 112 The speed of electrochemistry corrosion in mpy, according to Tafel is the following: Material I Tap Water: mpy = 0.998 NaCl Solution at 3.56% mpy = 1.065 Material II Tap Water: mpy = 0.970 NaCl solution at 3.56%: mpy = 1.105