Manufacturing parts cast iron covers a very large field of machinery industry. These materials are iron-carbon alloys, with high percentages of carbon and designated under the name of foundries as this is the industrial process of manufacture thereof. The highest percentage of carbon makes the melting temperature of these is less than that of the steels and also a greater flow of liquid material is achieved which allows the filling of smaller thickness pieces of complex shapes and have improved castability . Moreover, the lower melting temperature allows the metal-mold interaction is less aggressive and thus can obtain a better surface quality parts. Its low cost, and this excellent castability, have led to extensive development of these alloys in applications such as engine blocks, shirts piston, gears, valve bodies, auto parts and many other parts for industrial use. The choice of mate...

Corrosion in its two aspects, of teaching and research, has a long tradition in the different technological and scientific institutions. In Peru, it is estimated that the losses due to corrosion exceed 8% of the Gross National Product, which meant that by the year 2000 they reached close to 1,200 million dollars, of which to the chemical and petroleum industries sector corresponds to 120 million dollars. This cost is less surprising if we consider that corrosion occurs with a range of degrees of severity wherever metals and other materials are used. However, if the existing knowledge were properly applied to this problem, it would be possible to reduce losses without the need for new advances or the development of new materials by approximately 25 to 30%. Furthermore, we want businessmen, professionals, students and the general public to know that we have a common enemy called corrosion,...

The aluminum bronzes are cooper based alloys which contains generally from 8.0% to 12.0% of aluminum. When you add elements such as iron, nickel and manganese along with the phase alpha (α) which is rich in copper and the eutectoid alpha/ gamma2 (α/γ2), it appears precipitations whose nature depends on the elements added quantity, with slow cooling in the sand’s molds (50 ºC/min), are presented alpha.beta´ (α.β´) or alpha, beta´. gamma2 (α, β´.γ2) which because of the different shapes that the precipitations have, they are simplified in k1, k2, k3, k4. For the fusion, it is required a greater care because of its tendency to absorb hydrogen, they respond to heat treatments of quenching and tempering reaching a hardness between 90 Brinell (56 RcB) and 390 Brinell (42 Rc C) always that the k phases are dissolved or uniformly distributed in the main phase.

HY-80 steels; HY-130, such as HP9-4-20; 10Ni-Cr-Mo-Co are the strongest of the special tenacity and highest creep resistance properties, which have been developed for use in critical hydrospace and aerospace applications. In HY-80 type steel, the alloying elements that give high characteristics to the steels, in turn, increase the hardening power and therefore their tendency to crack. The relationship of the microstructure to the toughness property is evaluated for the welded metal and the region of the heat affected zone. SAW, SMAW or EBW welding processes are used in the manufacture of metal structures with these types of materials, however, in repairs or maintenance, the manual metal arc process with low hydrogen coated electrodes, with an adequate sequence and prior control to the qualification of the welder as well as the process in particular, allow presenting this work with satisf...

The bronzes - aluminum, are a major group of copper alloys in which the main alloying element is aluminum up to 14% if other alloying elements are introduced in significant percentages such as nickel, iron, manganese, silicon acquire properties physical, mechanical or chemical of great magnitude and meets a variety of requirements engineering. There are four major groups of aluminum bronzes.

The high resistance brass belongs to the copper-zinc alloys, which contains elements such as iron, aluminum, manganese and nickel, other elements in very small percentage in such a way that they do not affect the acquired properties and in which manganese increases the solubility of iron, improving mechanical properties and, along with nickel, its resistance to corrosion. The presence of aluminum and iron allow them to be heat treated, the objective of this work is to establish the conditions of heat treatment and its influence on physical, mechanical and corrosion properties.

Cathodic protection consists of forcing the structure to function as a cathode in a corrosion cell, by manipulating and / or modifying electrochemical factors. A galvanic anode, also called a sacrificial anode, if electrically connected to a submerged structure will discharge a current that will flow through the electrolyte to the structure it is intended to protect. To meet this objective, the anodes must meet certain characteristics of weight, dimensions, geometric shape. This work aims to lead the design engineer for cathodic protection systems with sacrificial anodes to obtain the appropriate anode by a simple method.  

The high resistance brass belongs to the copper-zinc alloys, which contains elements such as iron, aluminum, manganese and nickel, other elements in very small percentage in such a way that they do not affect the acquired properties and in which manganese increases the solubility of iron, improving mechanical properties and, along with nickel, its resistance to corrosion. The presence of aluminum and iron allow them to be heat treated, the objective of this work is to establish the conditions of heat treatment and its influence on physical, mechanical and corrosion properties.

La protección catódica consiste en obligar a la estructura a funcionar como un cátodo en una celda de corrosión, mediante la manipulación y/o modificación de factores electroquímicos. Un ánodo galvánico, también llamado ánodo de sacrificio, si se conecta eléctricamente a una estructura sumergida descargará una corriente que fluirá a través del electrolito hasta la estructura que se pretende proteger. Para cumplir con este objetivo, los ánodos deben cumplir con ciertas características de peso, dimensiones, forma geométrica. Este trabajo pretende conducir al ingeniero de diseño de sistemas de protección catódica con ánodos de sacrificio a obtener el ánodo adecuado mediante un método simple.

Corrosion in its two aspects, of teaching and research, has a long tradition in the different technological and scientific institutions. In Peru, it is estimated that the losses due to corrosion exceed 8% of the Gross National Product, which meant that by the year 2000 they reached close to 1,200 million dollars, of which to the chemical and petroleum industries sector corresponds to 120 million dollars. This cost is less surprising if we consider that corrosion occurs with a range of degrees of severity wherever metals and other materials are used. However, if the existing knowledge were properly applied to this problem, it would be possible to reduce losses without the need for new advances or the development of new materials by approximately 25 to 30%. Furthermore, we want businessmen, professionals, students and the general public to know that we have a common enemy called corrosion,...

The aluminum bronzes are cooper based alloys which contains generally from 8.0% to 12.0% of aluminum. When you add elements such as iron, nickel and manganese along with the phase alpha (α) which is rich in copper and the eutectoid alpha/ gamma2 (α/γ2), it appears precipitations whose nature depends on the elements added quantity, with slow cooling in the sand’s molds (50 ºC/min), are presented alpha.beta´ (α.β´) or alpha, beta´. gamma2 (α, β´.γ2) which because of the different shapes that the precipitations have, they are simplified in k1, k2, k3, k4. For the fusion, it is required a greater care because of its tendency to absorb hydrogen, they respond to heat treatments of quenching and tempering reaching a hardness between 90 Brinell (56 RcB) and 390 Brinell (42 Rc C) always that the k phases are dissolved or uniformly distributed in the main phase.

HY-80 steels; HY-130, such as HP9-4-20; 10Ni-Cr-Mo-Co are the strongest of the special tenacity and highest creep resistance properties, which have been developed for use in critical hydrospace and aerospace applications. In HY-80 type steel, the alloying elements that give high characteristics to the steels, in turn, increase the hardening power and therefore their tendency to crack. The relationship of the microstructure to the toughness property is evaluated for the welded metal and the region of the heat affected zone. SAW, SMAW or EBW welding processes are used in the manufacture of metal structures with these types of materials, however, in repairs or maintenance, the manual metal arc process with low hydrogen coated electrodes, with an adequate sequence and prior control to the qualification of the welder as well as the process in particular, allow presenting this work with satisf...

The bronzes - aluminum, are a major group of copper alloys in which the main alloying element is aluminum up to 14% if other alloying elements are introduced in significant percentages such as nickel, iron, manganese, silicon acquire properties physical, mechanical or chemical of great magnitude and meets a variety of requirements engineering. There are four major groups of aluminum bronzes.

Manufacturing parts cast iron covers a very large field of machinery industry. These materials are iron-carbon alloys, with high percentages of carbon and designated under the name of foundries as this is the industrial process of manufacture thereof. The highest percentage of carbon makes the melting temperature of these is less than that of the steels and also a greater flow of liquid material is achieved which allows the filling of smaller thickness pieces of complex shapes and have improved castability . Moreover, the lower melting temperature allows the metal-mold interaction is less aggressive and thus can obtain a better surface quality parts. Its low cost, and this excellent castability, have led to extensive development of these alloys in applications such as engine blocks, shirts piston, gears, valve bodies, auto parts and many other parts for industrial use. The choice of mate...

The research project: Martensitic precipitation in AISI 304 stainless steel-corrosion cracking has determined that the material tested under different compressive loads, the austenite phase producing deformed martensite phase, which is magnetic. The accelerated corrosion test deformed martensite material having a solution of magnesium chloride in boiling 42% produces a type of corrosion transgranular.

The research project: Martensitic precipitation in AISI 304 stainless steel-corrosion cracking has determined that the material tested under different compressive loads, the austenite phase producing deformed martensite phase, which is magnetic. The accelerated corrosion test deformed martensite material having a solution of magnesium chloride in boiling 42% produces a type of corrosion transgranular.

The influence of the moisture and sodium bentonite in the qualite moulding was tested; however one of the mixes was much better, which is the following: Sodium bentonite 7%, Water 4%, Silica sand 87%, ( AFS grain fineness 52). The physical properties of the molding sand was:permeability 235, green compresion, lb/in2 13,1. Cast nickel aluminium bronce Cu3 was tested: Tensile strength, kg/mm2 88,13, Yield strength, kg/mm2 28,3, Elongation in 2 inch, % 10, Metallography: etchant, amonium persulfate. Showing light a phase, eutectoide a + g2 and k phase.

The influence of the moisture and sodium bentonite in the qualite moulding was tested; however one of the mixes was much better, which is the following: Sodium bentonite 7%, Water 4%, Silica sand 87%, ( AFS grain fineness 52). The physical properties of the molding sand was:permeability 235, green compresion, lb/in2 13,1. Cast nickel aluminium bronce Cu3 was tested: Tensile strength, kg/mm2 88,13, Yield strength, kg/mm2 28,3, Elongation in 2 inch, % 10, Metallography: etchant, amonium persulfate. Showing light a phase, eutectoide a + g2 and k phase.