Chicken feathers (Gallus domesticus) are as byproducts of processing plants and the lack of oversight and regulation in countries like Peru, cause that these wastes end up in water bodies or informal dumpsites, becoming environmental pollutants. However, their use in the agricultural industry promises to give better treatment to the residue, as a protein source in diet formulation mainly pigs, poultry and cattle, due to its high content of protein, amino acids, minerals and natural fibers and incorporation in the production of biofertilizer significantly improve the content of organic matter and nitrogen and positively influence soil properties and crop yield. In addition, it has great potential in the cosmetic industry, biomedical, textile, bioenergy, among other applications. Therefore, the review will address the progress related to its environmental effects and its potentia...

Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) is an important crop for Peru; reports of high cadmium content (Cd2+) cause problems for the sector. However, research highlights that organic management improves the microbiological activity of the soil and the absorption of cadmium in almonds. Therefore, the effect of compost and NPK in different soil microbial groups and the available Cd in soils and cocoa beans CCN-51 was evaluated. A completely randomized block design was used, with four treatments and four repetitions, where: T1 control, T2 compost (3 000 kg. ha-1), T3 NPK (84-35-161) and T4: compost (1 500 kg. ha-1) plus NPK (42-18-80). The population of viable aerobes, actinomycetes, fungi and nitrogen fixers were evaluated using the plate count technique with serial dilutions (103). The Cd available with 0.05 M EDTA and in almonds by 4: 1 perchloric nitric acid digestion. The population of viable ...

Chicken feathers (Gallus domesticus) are as byproducts of processing plants and the lack of oversight and regulation in countries like Peru, cause that these wastes end up in water bodies or informal dumpsites, becoming environmental pollutants. However, their use in the agricultural industry promises to give better treatment to the residue, as a protein source in diet formulation mainly pigs, poultry and cattle, due to its high content of protein, amino acids, minerals and natural fibers and incorporation in the production of biofertilizer significantly improve the content of organic matter and nitrogen and positively influence soil properties and crop yield. In addition, it has great potential in the cosmetic industry, biomedical, textile, bioenergy, among other applications. Therefore, the review will address the progress related to its environmental effects and its potentia...

Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) is an important crop for Peru; reports of high cadmium content (Cd2+) cause problems for the sector. However, research highlights that organic management improves the microbiological activity of the soil and the absorption of cadmium in almonds. Therefore, the effect of compost and NPK in different soil microbial groups and the available Cd in soils and cocoa beans CCN-51 was evaluated. A completely randomized block design was used, with four treatments and four repetitions, where: T1 control, T2 compost (3 000 kg. ha-1), T3 NPK (84-35-161) and T4: compost (1 500 kg. ha-1) plus NPK (42-18-80). The population of viable aerobes, actinomycetes, fungi and nitrogen fixers were evaluated using the plate count technique with serial dilutions (103). The Cd available with 0.05 M EDTA and in almonds by 4: 1 perchloric nitric acid digestion. The population of viable ...

The type of soil has an important influence on the availability and absorption of cadmium by the cacao plant (Theobroma cacao L.), in particular the pH, the % of clay and the amount of Mg2+ and Zn present in the soil. Therefore, the objective was to measure the influence of soil pH on the absorption levels of cadmium in CCN-51 cocoa beans in the Leoncio Prado - Huánuco province, for which 20 agricultural parcels were selected from the members of Cooperativa Cacao Alto Huallaga, which complied with all the norms and techniques of organic production. 20 soil samples and 20 samples of almonds were analyzed. The results show that the average pH of the soil was 5.68; the cadmium available in the soil was 0.32 µg g-1 and the cadmium content in the cocoa almonds of the 20 samples analyzed yielded 0.98 µg g-1. The investigation concludes that the values ​​of cadmium in almonds are above t...

En la última década, las investigaciones advierten elevados niveles de cadmio (Cd2+) en suelos y almendra en determinadas zonas del Perú. También, la relación que presenta el Cd2+ con algunos indicadores físicos y químicos del suelo. Por ello, el objetivo fue valuar el efecto del compost y NPK en el Cd2+ del suelo, almendras y la relación con otros indicadores del suelo, en una plantación de cacao CCN-51 (Theobroma cacao L.) en la provincia Padre Abad, región Ucayali-Perú. La investigación utilizó un diseño de bloques completamente aleatorizado (DBCA) con cuatro tratamientos y cuatro repeticiones, donde T1: tratamiento control, T2: compost a razón de 3 000 Kg. ha-1, T3: NPK en dosis de 84-35-161, y T4 compost a razón de 1500 kg. ha-1 + NPK  42-18-80. Se evaluó Cd2+ disponible en suelo y almendras, el % de arcilla, % de materia orgánica (MO), pH, Capacidad de interc...

Chicken feathers (Gallus domesticus) are as byproducts of processing plants and the lack of oversight and regulation in countries like Peru, cause that these wastes end up in water bodies or informal dumpsites, becoming environmental pollutants. However, their use in the agricultural industry promises to give better treatment to the residue, as a protein source in diet formulation mainly pigs, poultry and cattle, due to its high content of protein, amino acids, minerals and natural fibers and incorporation in the production of biofertilizer significantly improve the content of organic matter and nitrogen and positively influence soil properties and crop yield. In addition, it has great potential in the cosmetic industry, biomedical, textile, bioenergy, among other applications. Therefore, the review will address the progress related to its environmental effects and its potentia...

Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) is an important crop for Peru; reports of high cadmium content (Cd2+) cause problems for the sector. However, research highlights that organic management improves the microbiological activity of the soil and the absorption of cadmium in almonds. Therefore, the effect of compost and NPK in different soil microbial groups and the available Cd in soils and cocoa beans CCN-51 was evaluated. A completely randomized block design was used, with four treatments and four repetitions, where: T1 control, T2 compost (3 000 kg. ha-1), T3 NPK (84-35-161) and T4: compost (1 500 kg. ha-1) plus NPK (42-18-80). The population of viable aerobes, actinomycetes, fungi and nitrogen fixers were evaluated using the plate count technique with serial dilutions (103). The Cd available with 0.05 M EDTA and in almonds by 4: 1 perchloric nitric acid digestion. The population of viable ...

Chicken feathers (Gallus domesticus) are as byproducts of processing plants and the lack of oversight and regulation in countries like Peru, cause that these wastes end up in water bodies or informal dumpsites, becoming environmental pollutants. However, their use in the agricultural industry promises to give better treatment to the residue, as a protein source in diet formulation mainly pigs, poultry and cattle, due to its high content of protein, amino acids, minerals and natural fibers and incorporation in the production of biofertilizer significantly improve the content of organic matter and nitrogen and positively influence soil properties and crop yield. In addition, it has great potential in the cosmetic industry, biomedical, textile, bioenergy, among other applications. Therefore, the review will address the progress related to its environmental effects and its potentia...

Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) is an important crop for Peru; reports of high cadmium content (Cd2+) cause problems for the sector. However, research highlights that organic management improves the microbiological activity of the soil and the absorption of cadmium in almonds. Therefore, the effect of compost and NPK in different soil microbial groups and the available Cd in soils and cocoa beans CCN-51 was evaluated. A completely randomized block design was used, with four treatments and four repetitions, where: T1 control, T2 compost (3 000 kg. ha-1), T3 NPK (84-35-161) and T4: compost (1 500 kg. ha-1) plus NPK (42-18-80). The population of viable aerobes, actinomycetes, fungi and nitrogen fixers were evaluated using the plate count technique with serial dilutions (103). The Cd available with 0.05 M EDTA and in almonds by 4: 1 perchloric nitric acid digestion. The population of viable ...

In the last decade, research warns of high levels of cadmium (Cd2+) in soils and almonds in certain areas of Peru. Also, the relationship that Cd2+ presents with some physical and chemical soil indicators. Therefore, the objective was to evaluate the effect of compost and NPK on the Cd2+ of the soil, almonds and the relationship with other soil indicators, in a cocoa plantation CCN-51 (Theobroma cacao L.) in the Padre Abad province, region Ucayali-Peru. The research used a completely randomized block design (DBCA) with four treatments and four repetitions, where T1: control treatment, T2: compost at a rate of 3,000 Kg.ha-1, T3: NPK at a dose of 84-35-161 , and T4 compost at a rate of 1500 kg.ha-1 + NPK 42-18-80; was evaluated Cd2+ available from the soil,  and in almonds, % clay, organic matter (MO), pH and Cation exchange capacity (CICe). The results show means between 18.5 to 22% ...

The type of soil has an important influence on the availability and absorption of cadmium by the cacao plant (Theobroma cacao L.), in particular the pH, the % of clay and the amount of Mg2+ and Zn present in the soil. Therefore, the objective was to measure the influence of soil pH on the absorption levels of cadmium in CCN-51 cocoa beans in the Leoncio Prado - Huánuco province, for which 20 agricultural parcels were selected from the members of Cooperativa Cacao Alto Huallaga, which complied with all the norms and techniques of organic production. 20 soil samples and 20 samples of almonds were analyzed. The results show that the average pH of the soil was 5.68; the cadmium available in the soil was 0.32 µg g-1 and the cadmium content in the cocoa almonds of the 20 samples analyzed yielded 0.98 µg g-1. The investigation concludes that the values ​​of cadmium in almonds are above t...

The organic management of Theobroma cacao in agroforestry systems is a viable alternative, which is being applied in the Alborada Estate under the name of Mendis Organic Management (MOM) in honor of the researcher and owner of the experimental area. The MOM technology integrates a set of techniques according to the physiological cycle of the plant such as drastic annual pruning, application of compost, foliar biofertilizer, and the use of a variety of cocoa with high planting density. Therefore, the research evaluated the effect of MOM management on soil quality with cocoa plantations (varieties CCN-51 and CMP-15), under agroforestry system developed in the Alborada farm, Leoncio Prado province, Huanuco, Peru. A completely randomized design (CRD) was carried out, the treatments were cocoa areas: CCN-51 of 2x2 m and 10 years of installation (MOM1), CMP-15 of 2x2 m and 4 years (MOM2), CMP-...

The knowledge of the characteristics and physical properties of the soils in function of their management, is fundamental in the development of the cultivation of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.), whose purpose was to evaluate the effect of management systems on physical attributes and matter. organic (MO) of two oxisols (Rhodic Hapludox (Rh) and Anionic Acrudox (Aa)) and sugarcane production in the municipality of Jaboticabal, São Paulo state, Brazil, on the other hand the complete block design was used randomly with four treatments and five repetitions, the treatments were: soybean / milheto / soybean (SMS), soybean / crotalaria / soybean (SCS), soybean / rest / soybean (SDS) and soybean (S). The aggregate stability index (IEA), weighted average diameter (DMP), soil density (DS), total porosity (PT), macro porosity (Ma), micro porosity (Mi), penetration resistance (RP) were measur...

El avance de la agricultura en áreas frágiles, hace necesario realizar evaluaciones del estado de la calidad del sistema suelo. Así el objetivo del estudio fue determinar y comparar la calidad del suelo, a través del Subíndice de Uso Sustentable del Suelo (SUSS) en diferentes sistemas de uso en la localidad Rio Espino, Monzón (Huánuco-Perú). Metodológicamente es una investigación no experimental, descriptiva comparativa, que evaluó diferentes sistemas de uso: sistema agroforestal (SAF), cocal (CO) y bosque secundario (BS). Los indicadores evaluados en cada sistema fueron: textura, densidad aparente, resistencia a la penetración, infiltración, temperatura, pH, fosforo, materia orgánica, nitrógeno total, K, Ca, Mg y la capacidad de Intercambio catiónico. Los resultados muestran que la calidad de suelo del sistema agroforestal es aceptable, el bosque secundario es sensible y...

The knowledge of the characteristics and physical properties of the soils in function of their management, is fundamental in the development of the cultivation of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.), whose purpose was to evaluate the effect of management systems on physical attributes and matter. organic (MO) of two oxisols (Rhodic Hapludox (Rh) and Anionic Acrudox (Aa)) and sugarcane production in the municipality of Jaboticabal, São Paulo state, Brazil, on the other hand the complete block design was used randomly with four treatments and five repetitions, the treatments were: soybean / milheto / soybean (SMS), soybean / crotalaria / soybean (SCS), soybean / rest / soybean (SDS) and soybean (S). The aggregate stability index (IEA), weighted average diameter (DMP), soil density (DS), total porosity (PT), macro porosity (Ma), micro porosity (Mi), penetration resistance (RP) were measur...

The knowledge of the characteristics and physical properties of the soils in function of their management, is fundamental in the development of the cultivation of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.), whose purpose was to evaluate the effect of management systems on physical attributes and matter. organic (MO) of two oxisols (Rhodic Hapludox (Rh) and Anionic Acrudox (Aa)) and sugarcane production in the municipality of Jaboticabal, São Paulo state, Brazil, on the other hand the complete block design was used randomly with four treatments and five repetitions, the treatments were: soybean / milheto / soybean (SMS), soybean / crotalaria / soybean (SCS), soybean / rest / soybean (SDS) and soybean (S). The aggregate stability index (IEA), weighted average diameter (DMP), soil density (DS), total porosity (PT), macro porosity (Ma), micro porosity (Mi), penetration resistance (RP) were measur...

El avance de la agricultura en áreas frágiles, hace necesario realizar evaluaciones del estado de la calidad del sistema suelo. Así el objetivo del estudio fue determinar y comparar la calidad del suelo, a través del Subíndice de Uso Sustentable del Suelo (SUSS) en diferentes sistemas de uso en la localidad Rio Espino, Monzón (Huánuco-Perú). Metodológicamente es una investigación no experimental, descriptiva comparativa, que evaluó diferentes sistemas de uso: sistema agroforestal (SAF), cocal (CO) y bosque secundario (BS). Los indicadores evaluados en cada sistema fueron: textura, densidad aparente, resistencia a la penetración, infiltración, temperatura, pH, fosforo, materia orgánica, nitrógeno total, K, Ca, Mg y la capacidad de Intercambio catiónico. Los resultados muestran que la calidad de suelo del sistema agroforestal es aceptable, el bosque secundario es sensible y...

The knowledge of the characteristics and physical properties of the soils in function of their management, is fundamental in the development of the cultivation of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.), whose purpose was to evaluate the effect of management systems on physical attributes and matter. organic (MO) of two oxisols (Rhodic Hapludox (Rh) and Anionic Acrudox (Aa)) and sugarcane production in the municipality of Jaboticabal, São Paulo state, Brazil, on the other hand the complete block design was used randomly with four treatments and five repetitions, the treatments were: soybean / milheto / soybean (SMS), soybean / crotalaria / soybean (SCS), soybean / rest / soybean (SDS) and soybean (S). The aggregate stability index (IEA), weighted average diameter (DMP), soil density (DS), total porosity (PT), macro porosity (Ma), micro porosity (Mi), penetration resistance (RP) were measur...

Excessive use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides have negative consequences, not friendly to the environment, on the other hand, the use of organic fertilizers (mycorrhizal fungi) is an alternative for healthy agriculture, conserving biodiversity, and above all respecting our planet. The research was carried out in Puno 3,820 meters above sea level, with the aim of determining the effect of the application of mycorrhizal fungus, arbuscular vesicle, (Glomus intraradices) such as MicorrizaFer, on the yield of potato cultivation (Solanum tuberosum L.) in two black Imilla varieties and Compis, in drying conditions during the 2015–2016 agricultural campaign. The research methodology is experimental, descriptive and sequential. Five doses were applied: 1,00; 0,75; 0,50; 0,25 and 0,00 g per plant, prior inoculation of the mycorrhizal fungus on the tuber. For the distribution of treatments...