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artículo
Publicado 2014
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This article considers the possibility that the expansion of Aymara was the result of the emergence and growth of the Chavin sphere of interaction during the first millennium BC. Alternatives suggesting that the Aymara expansion could have occurred prior to Chavin during the Late Preceramic (Archaic), the Initial Period (Early Formative) or after Chavin during the Early Intermediate Period are examined and rejected. The recent work of Paul Heggarty and David Beresford-Jones is also explored, particularly their ideas on «strong hypotheses» of language expansion that attempt to link such expansion with forces of history such as conquest, migrations and the spread of intensive agriculture (or staples such as maize). It is suggested that these explanations to not seem to work for the case of Aymara, if this expansion occurred during the Chavin horizon, and an alternative model based on the...
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Thomas C. Patterson is a significant figure in the history of Peruvian archaeology. This article reviews some of his contributions with an emphasis on his work on early Andean civilization. Beginning in the 1960s he focused along with Edward Lanning on the settlement patterns and economic systems of the central coast, especially those of the Preceramic (or Archaic). This work shed light on the interdependence of shoreline dwellers and inland farmers. It also produced information on the Lima culture, a subject that served as the basis for his doctoral dissertation at the University of California, Berkeley under the supervision of John Howland Rowe. Patterson’s subsequent excavations at the shoreline site of Ancón, his survey of the Lurin Valley and his visits to previously known early sites helped to clarify the pottery sequence of the central coast and the Initial Period and to demons...
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There are many unanswered questions about the population history of the Central and South Central Andes, particularly regarding the impact of large-scale societies, such as the Moche, Wari, Tiwanaku, and Inca. We assembled genome-wide data on 89 individuals dating from ~9000-500 years ago (BP), with a particular focus on the period of the rise and fall of state societies. Today’s genetic structure began to develop by 5800 BP, followed by bi-directional gene flow between the North and South Highlands, and between the Highlands and Coast. We detect minimal admixture among neighboring groups between ~2000-500 BP, although we do detect cosmopolitanism (people of diverse ancestries living side-by-side) in the heartlands of the Tiwanaku and Inca polities. We also reveal cases of long-range mobility connecting the Andes to Argentina, and the Northwest Andes to the Amazon Basin.
