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artículo
Publicado 2016
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Teaching models in endoscopy are important tools to minimize risks derived from endoscopic procedures, taking into account that therapeutic endoscopy, also known as surgical endoscopy, has greatly developed during the last decade. This results from the fact that minimally invasive procedures present relevant contributions and promote more comfort to patients. In this context, ex vivo teaching models and virtual simulators are important tools to the safe acquisition of abilities. In this article, the Brazilian Society of Digestive Endoscopy presents and describes its first course of therapeutic ERCP and EUS in models of laboratory teaching.
2
artículo
Publicado 2017
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Introduction: Duodenal perforations are an uncommon adverse event during ERCP. Patients can develop significant morbidity and mortality. Even though surgery has been used to manage duodenal complications, therapeutic endoscopy has seen significant advances. Objective: To compare endoscopic approach with surgical intervention in patients with duodenal perforations post-ERCP. Material and Methods: prospective randomized study in a tertiary center with 23 patients divided in 2 groups. Within 12 hours after the event, the patients underwent endoscopic or surgical approach. Endoscopic approach included closure of the perforation with endoclips and SEMS. Surgical repair included hepaticojejunostomy, suture of the perforation or duodenal suture. The success was defined as closure of the defect. Secondary outcomes included mortality, adverse events, days of hospitalization and costs. Results: Th...
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artículo
Publicado 2017
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Las dilataciones en el tracto gastrointestinal se llevan a cabo para aliviar la obstrucción sintomática, ya sea funcional u orgánica, secundarias a una variedad de patologías tanto benignas como malignas. Con el advenimiento de las nuevas tecnologías, virtualmente toda estenosis digestiva puede ser manejada en forma mínimamente invasiva. Pese a su amplia difusión en la práctica actual, existen pocos estudios controlados que comparen las diferentes modalidades de dilatación. En el presente artículo realizamos una revisión de esta técnica, así como de la evidencia disponible para su aplicación en los diferentes segmentos del tracto gastrointestinal. El futuro de la dilatación incluye el desarrollo de dilatadores que permitan evaluar la dilatación durante su realización. Estos advenimientos, así como la ejecución de estudios controlados prospectivos van a mejorar las indi...
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artículo
Publicado 2017
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En las últimas décadas, el modelo tradicional de enseñanza de la endoscopia digestiva ha sido en base al método tutorial profesor-alumno, basado en modelos teóricos. Hoy en día, los simuladores presentan las ventajas de la realidad virtual. El aparato manipulado es similar al utilizado en la práctica clínica, es seguro, lo que permite un uso ilimitado, con mejor costobeneficio para las instituciones y con un rendimiento superior con respecto a otros modelos de entrenamiento. Por otra parte, los simuladores biológicos son una herramienta viable, accesible y asequible para simular lesiones gastrointestinales, lo que permite la formación en endoscopia con un alto grado de similitud en el aspecto endoscópico. En la presente revisión, analizamos ambos modelos, presentando sus ventajas para el entrenamiento del endoscopista de los tiempos actuales.
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Since its development, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) has evolved from a simple diagnostic technique to an important therapeutic procedure. Obstructive jaundice is often the first and most common complication in patients with malignant disease of the extrahepatic biliary tract. Although preoperative biliary drainage (PBD) may be instituted in many centers, different studies have reported divergent results regarding its benefits in reducing the complications of hepatopancreatobiliary surgery, especially with regard to pancreatoduodenectomy for pancreatic cancer. In this review, we will summarize the current literature of PBD and describe its indications, possible benefits, and, when indicated, the appropriate interval before surgery.
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artículo
Publicado 2017
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Since its development, endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) has evolved from a simple diagnostic technique to an important therapeutic tool for interventional endoscopy. EUS analysis provides real-time imaging of most major thoracic and abdominal vessels, and the possibility to use needle puncture with a curved linear array echoendoscope as a vascular intervention. In this review, we describe the endoscopic ultrasound approach to vascular therapy outside of the gastrointestinal wall.
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Selective cannulation of the common bile duct can be difficult, so multiple strategies have been developed to overcome the situation. In this review we analize the different strategies that can be used like different papillotome instead of the standard catheter, precut papillotomy using precut needle knives or precut papillotome, transpancreatic papillary septotomy, and stenting of the pancreatic duct. Bile duct cannulation remains an important benchmark of successful ERCP. Alternative biliary access indication and its use is very important If biliary cannulation remains unsuccessful.The suprapapillary puncture is a promissory technique. It´s important to have in mind that the goal of all techniques is to provide acute pancreatitis decrease.
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artículo
Publicado 2017
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FUNDAMENTO: Los Stent de metal autoexpandibles se utilizan a menudo para el drenaje biliar en obstrucción de origen neoplásico, con mejores resultados que los stents plásticos, pero son rara vez utilizados en el drenaje biliar en estenosis de etiología benigna. OBJETIVO: El objetivo final primario: Es verificar la permeabilidad de la vía biliar después de la colocación de los stents auto-expandible de metal y (múltiples) prótesis plásticas en pacientes con estenosis benignas derivadas de la cirugía del conducto biliar con un seguimiento superior a cinco años.Punto final secundario: Evaluar a largo plazo la tasa decomplicaciones en pacientes con stents metálicos autoexpandibles y plástico.RESULTADOS: Los stents autoexpandibles de metal se colocaron en 15 pacientes y múltiples stents de plástico en 16. La edad media fue de 45 años, con prevalencia de pacientes de s...
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artículo
Publicado 2017
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El páncreas divisum es la malformación congénita más común del páncreas que resulta de la no fusión ó fusión incompleta de las porciones ventral y dorsal del páncreas embrionario. Se encuentra en 7% de los estudios de autopsias (rango 1-14%), siendo generalmente asintomática. Un 5% de estos pacientes presentan síntomas, que son básicamente dolor abdominal y casos de pancreatitis recurrente. Se reporta el caso de una paciente mujer de 52 años, con 2 episodios de pancreatitis postcolecistectomía con imagen por colangioresonancia de páncreas divisum con comunicación entre el páncreas dorsal y ventral. Se procedió a dilatar el conducto mayor; y luego se hizo una papilotomia del conducto menor y se pasó un balón hidroneumático hasta más allá de su diámetro mayor. El procedimiento ha tenido éxito en 9 meses de seguimiento.
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artículo
Publicado 2017
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Se reporta un caso de acceso del conducto pancreatico dorsal por medio de ayudade ultrasonografía endoscópica en un paciente con cuadro de Páncreas divisum queproducía sintomas dolorosos; y que no fué posible su abordaje por PCRE.
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artículo
Publicado 2017
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ANTECEDENTES: La Ecoendoscopia guiada para hepático - gastrostomía, colédoco duodenostomía y colédoco antrostomía, son procedimientos avanzados de la endoscopia biliar y pancreático, y juntos forman el drenaje biliar eco-guiada. La Hepático - gastrostomía está indicada en casos de obstrucción hiliar, mientras que en las lesiones distales el procedimiento de elección es la colédoco - duodenostomía. Ambos procedimientos se deben hacer solamente después de la CPRE sin éxito. OBJETIVOS: Para aclarar a los lectores sobre la indicación de estos procedimientos, que deben ser realizados conforme a un punto de vista multidisciplinaria, con un intercambio de información con el paciente ó su representante legal. MÉTODOS: Todos los informes y estudios de series de casos seleccionados de cohortes fueron seleccionados de acuerdo al sistema de DDTS distributed defect tracking system...
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artículo
Publicado 2016
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New surgical techniques in the treatment of rectal cancer have improved survival mainly by reducing local recurrences. A preoperative staging method is required to accurately identify tumor stage and planning the appropriate treatment. MRI and ERUS are currently being used for the local staging (T stage). In this review, the accuracy of MRI and ERUS with rigid probe was compared against the gold standard of the pathological findings in the resection specimens. Five studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in this meta-analysis. The accuracy was 91.0% to ERUS and 86.8% to MRI (p=0.27). The result has no statistical significance but with pronounced heterogeneity between the included trials as well as other published reviews. We can conclude that there is a clear need for good quality, larger scale and prospective studies.
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artículo
Publicado 2017
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The pancreatic biliary maljunction is a rare anomaly that affects mainly females, defined as an anatomical maljunction of the pancreatic duct and the biliary duct confluence, and may be a rare cause of recurrent acute pancreatitis. In order to early diagnosis and prompt treatment, ERCP has an important role in it.
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artículo
Publicado 2017
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The choice treatment for choledocholithiasis when associated with lithiasic cholecystitis is endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). However, in some cases this therapeutic fails, which requires an alternative method to extract the stones. The surgical approach tends to be the next step, but it is related to greater complexity of achievement and higher complications rates. In 1993, Deslandres et al. developed the combined treatment called laparoendoscopic rendezvous, that unites in a single stage the endoscopic treatment of choledocholithiasis and laparoscopic removal of the gallbladder. We report the case of a patient diagnosed with common bile duct (CBD) stones, in which the conventional CPRE was not successful, and was taken to treatment by laparoendoscopic approach. We conclude, based on this case and on other published studies, that this therapeutic modality has advan...
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artículo
Publicado 2017
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Biliary ileusis a uncommon cause of mechanical bowel obstruction, affecting older adult patients who often have other significant medical conditions. It is caused by intestinal impaction of a gallstone that enters the bowel via a cholecysto-enteric fistula. The mortality rate is considerable, ranging between 12 and 27%. Treatment in most cases is surgical, aimed at the resolution of the intestinal obstruction. We report the case of a 55 year old patient diagnosed with biliary ileus, wich evolved without complications after a enterolithotomy. We have concluded, based on the literature that an early diagnosis associated with appropriate therapy can lead to a better prognosis.
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artículo
Publicado 2017
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We report a patient with diffuse peritonitis due to perforation of Meckel's diverticulum. This patient was referred to the operating room and underwent bowel resection segment encompassing the area of the diverticulum and terminoterminal primary enteroanastomosis on two levels with good evolution. The diverticulum complications are often related to the presence of ectopic mucosa, especially the gastric and pancreatic type. Since preoperative diagnosis is difficult and infrequent, in most cases this anomaly is confirmed only during surgery. Surgical resection of the affected intestinal segment is the mainstay of treatment in both diverticula diagnosed incidentally, as the complicated by inflammation, bleeding, obstruction or perforation. We conclude that in cases of acute abdomen punctured, the diagnosis of Meckel's diverticulum should be considered.
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artículo
Publicado 2017
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Metastasis is an infrequent cause of tumor involvement of the major duodenal papilla and of cholestasis. We report a case of obstructive jaundice due to a metastatic breast carcinoma to the major duodenal papilla, and assess curative and palliative treatment that interventional endoscopy can offer.
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artículo
Publicado 2019
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Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is the treatment of choice in patients with choledocholithiasis. However, despite its high success rate, in some cases it is not successful, requiring alternative therapy. Billroth II partial gastrectomy is a condition associated with an important failure rate of ERCP. When endoscopic treatment fails, surgical exploration of the bile duct is the most common approach. However, the surgery is related to a greater complexity of execution and morbimortality. We describe the case of a patient with choledocholithiasis and Billroth II partial gastrectomy, submitted to the combined treatment called rendez-vous laparoendoscopic, after failure of ERCP, which unites in a single stage the endoscopic treatment of choledocholithiasis and laparoscopic removal of the gallbladder. We conclude that this therapeutic approach was effective, safe, with lo...
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artículo
Publicado 2018
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Objective: To present and discuss the endoscopic and histological results, as well as the incidence of Helicobacter pylori and other diseases, indications and characteristics of upper digestive endoscopies performed in children. Material and methods: Twenty-five endoscopies were performed in children aged six months to 11 years (mean 7.69 years), from February 2013 to January 2016. In 200 patients, endoscopies were diagnostic and serial biopsies were performed (esophagus, stomach and duodenum), in 120 of them. Results: The indication of endoscopy was diagnosed in 88.89% of the patients, and in 26 patients, a therapeutic procedure was performed. The most frequent endoscopic findings were esophagitis in 49 patients, gastritis in 84 and duodenitis in 16 patients. Four duodenal ulcers were diagnosed. In the therapeutic endoscopies, six gastrostomies were performed, 14 foreign body withdrawal...
