Since its development, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) has evolved from a simple diagnostic technique to an important therapeutic procedure. Obstructive jaundice is often the first and most common complication in patients with malignant disease of the extrahepatic biliary tract. Although preoperative biliary drainage (PBD) may be instituted in many centers, different studies have reported divergent results regarding its benefits in reducing the complications of hepatopancreatobiliary surgery, especially with regard to pancreatoduodenectomy for pancreatic cancer. In this review, we will summarize the current literature of PBD and describe its indications, possible benefits, and, when indicated, the appropriate interval before surgery.

Selective cannulation of the common bile duct can be difficult, so multiple strategies have been developed to overcome the situation. In this review we analize the different strategies that can be used like different papillotome instead of the standard catheter, precut papillotomy using precut needle knives or precut papillotome, transpancreatic papillary septotomy, and stenting of the pancreatic duct. Bile duct cannulation remains an important benchmark of successful ERCP. Alternative biliary access indication and its use is very important If biliary cannulation remains unsuccessful.The suprapapillary puncture is a promissory technique. It´s important to have in mind that the goal of all techniques is to provide acute pancreatitis decrease.

New surgical techniques in the treatment of rectal cancer have improved survival mainly by reducing local recurrences. A preoperative staging method is required to accurately identify tumor stage and planning the appropriate treatment. MRI and ERUS are currently being used for the local staging (T stage). In this review, the accuracy of MRI and ERUS with rigid probe was compared against the gold standard of the pathological findings in the resection specimens. Five studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in this meta-analysis. The accuracy was 91.0% to ERUS and 86.8% to MRI (p=0.27). The result has no statistical significance but with pronounced heterogeneity between the included trials as well as other published reviews. We can conclude that there is a clear need for good quality, larger scale and prospective studies.

Las dilataciones en el tracto gastrointestinal se llevan a cabo para aliviar la obstrucción sintomática, ya sea funcional u orgánica, secundarias a una variedad de patologías tanto benignas como malignas. Con el advenimiento de las nuevas tecnologías, virtualmente toda estenosis digestiva puede ser manejada en forma mínimamente invasiva. Pese a su amplia difusión en la práctica actual, existen pocos estudios controlados que comparen las diferentes modalidades de dilatación. En el presente artículo realizamos una revisión de esta técnica, así como de la evidencia disponible para su aplicación en los diferentes segmentos del tracto gastrointestinal. El futuro de la dilatación incluye el desarrollo de dilatadores que permitan evaluar la dilatación durante su realización. Estos advenimientos, así como la ejecución de estudios controlados prospectivos van a mejorar las indi...

The pancreatic biliary maljunction is a rare anomaly that affects mainly females, defined as an anatomical maljunction of the pancreatic duct and the biliary duct confluence, and may be a rare cause of recurrent acute pancreatitis. In order to early diagnosis and prompt treatment, ERCP has an important role in it.

En las últimas décadas, el modelo tradicional de enseñanza de la endoscopia digestiva ha sido en base al método tutorial profesor-alumno, basado en modelos teóricos. Hoy en día, los simuladores presentan las ventajas de la realidad virtual. El aparato manipulado es similar al utilizado en la práctica clínica, es seguro, lo que permite un uso ilimitado, con mejor costobeneficio para las instituciones y con un rendimiento superior con respecto a otros modelos de entrenamiento. Por otra parte, los simuladores biológicos son una herramienta viable, accesible y asequible para simular lesiones gastrointestinales, lo que permite la formación en endoscopia con un alto grado de similitud en el aspecto endoscópico. En la presente revisión, analizamos ambos modelos, presentando sus ventajas para el entrenamiento del endoscopista de los tiempos actuales.

We report a patient with diffuse peritonitis due to perforation of Meckel's diverticulum. This patient was referred to the operating room and underwent bowel resection segment encompassing the area of the diverticulum and terminoterminal primary enteroanastomosis on two levels with good evolution. The diverticulum complications are often related to the presence of ectopic mucosa, especially the gastric and pancreatic type. Since preoperative diagnosis is difficult and infrequent, in most cases this anomaly is confirmed only during surgery. Surgical resection of the affected intestinal segment is the mainstay of treatment in both diverticula diagnosed incidentally, as the complicated by inflammation, bleeding, obstruction or perforation. We conclude that in cases of acute abdomen punctured, the diagnosis of Meckel's diverticulum should be considered.

Metastasis is an infrequent cause of tumor involvement of the major duodenal papilla and of cholestasis. We report a case of obstructive jaundice due to a metastatic breast carcinoma to the major duodenal papilla, and assess curative and palliative treatment that interventional endoscopy can offer.

Background: Endoscopic ultrasound training has a learning curve greater than the other endoscopic therapeutic techniques.One of the preclinical teaching methods is the use of ex vivo porcine models. Aim: To describe five ex vivo porcine modelsfor training in therapeutic echoendoscopic procedures. Materials and methods: Using porcine digestive tract containingesophagus, stomach, duodenum, spleen, liver and gallbladder, five models for therapeutic echoendoscopy training weredescribed. With other segments of the porcine pieces (such as the bladder, spleen segment and omentum segment) andwith easily accessible materials (such as grape and ultrasound gel), lesions were simulated to be treated. These models wereapplied in the Hands on course at the IRCAD (Institut de recherche contre les cancers de l'appareil digestif) Barretos of2017. Endoscopic equipment and instruments are the same as those...

Since its development, endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) has evolved from a simple diagnostic technique to an important therapeutic tool for interventional endoscopy. EUS analysis provides real-time imaging of most major thoracic and abdominal vessels, and the possibility to use needle puncture with a curved linear array echoendoscope as a vascular intervention. In this review, we describe the endoscopic ultrasound approach to vascular therapy outside of the gastrointestinal wall.

Introduction: Duodenal perforations are an uncommon adverse event during ERCP. Patients can develop significant morbidity and mortality. Even though surgery has been used to manage duodenal complications, therapeutic endoscopy has seen significant advances. Objective: To compare endoscopic approach with surgical intervention in patients with duodenal perforations post-ERCP. Material and Methods: prospective randomized study in a tertiary center with 23 patients divided in 2 groups. Within 12 hours after the event, the patients underwent endoscopic or surgical approach. Endoscopic approach included closure of the perforation with endoclips and SEMS. Surgical repair included hepaticojejunostomy, suture of the perforation or duodenal suture. The success was defined as closure of the defect. Secondary outcomes included mortality, adverse events, days of hospitalization and costs. Results: Th...

Double pylorus and gastroduodenal fistula are rare conditions and can be either congenital or acquired. We report a case of a 58-year-old man with epigastric pain and dyspepsia in which the upper gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed an acquired double pylorus, probably caused by a gastric ulcer.

Background: Abdominal pain is present in the vast majority of patients with chronic pancreatitis, being frequently debilitating. Celiac plexus block (CPB) is an interventional technique that can be considered to provide a temporary pain relief. Objective: To estimate the effectiveness and safeness of endoscopic-ultrasound (EUS) comparing with percutaneous-guided CBP in patients with pancreatic pain. Methods: A systematic review of English and non-English articles using MEDLINE, EMBASE, LILACS and COCHRANE (via BVS). Study selection and data extraction: Only randomized control trials (RCT) comparing the beneficial and harmful effects of EUS and percutaneous-guided celiac plexus block for managing pancreatic pain were included. Data was extracted and analyzed on variables including pain relief and related procedure complications. Results: Two RCT met the inclusion criteria. Both studies as...